scholarly journals Novel Acinetobacter baumannii Bacteriophage Aristophanes Encoding Structural Polysaccharide Deacetylase

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1688
Author(s):  
Olga Yu. Timoshina ◽  
Mikhail M. Shneider ◽  
Peter V. Evseev ◽  
Anastasia S. Shchurova ◽  
Andrey A. Shelenkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Genomic Organization ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
The Family ◽  
Distinct Genus ◽  
Interaction Strategy

Acinetobacter baumannii appears to be one of the most crucial nosocomial pathogens. A possible component of antimicrobial therapy for infections caused by extremely drug-resistant A. baumannii strains may be specific lytic bacteriophages or phage-derived enzymes. In the present study, we observe the biological features, genomic organization, and phage–host interaction strategy of novel virulent bacteriophage Aristophanes isolated on A. baumannii strain having K26 capsular polysaccharide structure. According to phylogenetic analysis phage Aristophanes can be classified as a representative of a new distinct genus of the subfamily Beijerinckvirinae of the family Autographiviridae. This is the first reported A. baumannii phage carrying tailspike deacetylase, which caused O-acetylation of one of the K26 sugar residues.

scholarly journals Novel Acinetobacter baumannii Myovirus TaPaz Encoding Two Tailspike Depolymerases: Characterization and Host-Recognition Strategy

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 978
Author(s):  
Anastasia S. Shchurova ◽  
Mikhail M. Shneider ◽  
Nikolay P. Arbatsky ◽  
Alexander S. Shashkov ◽  
Alexander O. Chizhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Bacterial Lawn ◽  
Interaction Strategy

Acinetobacter baumannii, one of the most significant nosocomial pathogens, is capable of producing structurally diverse capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) which are the primary receptors for A. baumannii bacteriophages encoding polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. To date, bacterial viruses specifically infecting A. baumannii strains belonging to more than ten various capsular types (K types) were isolated and characterized. In the present study, we investigate the biological properties, genomic organization, and virus–bacterial host interaction strategy of novel myovirus TaPaz isolated on the bacterial lawn of A. baumannii strain with a K47 capsular polysaccharide structure. The phage linear double-stranded DNA genome of 93,703 bp contains 178 open reading frames. Genes encoding two different tailspike depolymerases (TSDs) were identified in the phage genome. Recombinant TSDs were purified and tested against the collection of A. baumannii strains belonging to 56 different K types. One of the TSDs was demonstrated to be a specific glycosidase that cleaves the K47 CPS by the hydrolytic mechanism.

scholarly journals Discovery of a New Virus of the Family Tymoviridae Isolated from Mosquitoes of the Genus Mansonia in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keissy Karoline Pinheiro Miranda ◽  
Glennda Juscely Pereira Galvão ◽  
Pedro Arthur da Silva Araújo ◽  
Ana Claudia da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Poliana da Silva Lemos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Genomic Organization ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
A Genome ◽  
The Family ◽  
Complete Sequencing ◽  
Ek Balam

Abstract A new virus, named Mutum virus, of the Family Tymoviridae was isolated from mosquitoes (Mansonia spp.). This virus was isolated in clone C6/36 cells. After complete sequencing, it presented a genome with 6,494 nt. The isolated virus is phylogenetically more related to two viruses isolated from Culex spp. mosquitoes: Ek Balam virus, isolated from Mexico, and Culex-originated Tymoviridae-like virus, isolated from China. Owing to the similarity of the protein coding domains, genomic organization, and phylogenetic analysis, we suggest that this virus belongs to a new genus, family Tymoviridae

scholarly journals Eremiolirion, a new genus of southern African Tecophilaeaceae, and taxonomic notes on Cyanella alba

Bothalia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
J. C. Manning ◽  
F. Forest ◽  
C. A. Mannheimer
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
The Other ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
The Family ◽  
Distinct Genus ◽  
Rainfall Region

The generic affiliation of Cyanella amboensis Schinz has been uncertain since the species was excluded from the genus Cyanella L. in 1991. The species has two leaves, a divaricately branching inflorescence, ebracteolate pedicels, and acti- nomorphic flowers with monomorphic anthers. It is endemic to the western parts of central and northern Namibia. Other species of Cyanella have several leaves, racemose inflorescences, bracteolate pedicels, zygomorphic flowers with dimor­phic anthers, and are endemic or near-endemic to the winter rainfall region in southwestern South Africa and southern Namibia. These differences are consistent with the recognition of the species as a distinct genus within the family. Phylogenetic analysis of plastid DNA sequences indicates that C.  amboensis Schinz is sister to the other species of Cyanella, a relationship that also supports its independent generic status. The monotvpic genus Eremiolirion is according­ly erected to accommodate the species. Minor differences in flower colour and vegetative morphology in Cyanella alba L.f. are shown to correlate with the three disjunct groups of populations in which the species occurs, and these populations are recognized at the level of subspecies.

scholarly journals Neostagonosporella sichuanensis gen. et sp. nov. (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) on Phyllostachys heteroclada (Poaceae) from Sichuan Province, China

MycoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 119-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Lin Yang ◽  
Xiu-Lan Xu ◽  
Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe ◽  
Rajesh Jeewon ◽  
Rungtiwa Phookamsak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Multigene Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Distinct Genus

Neostagonosporellasichuanensis sp. nov. was found on Phyllostachysheteroclada collected from Sichuan Province in China and is introduced in a new genus Neostagonosporella gen. nov. in this paper. Evidence for the placement of the new taxon in the family Phaeosphaeriaceae is supported by morphology and phylogenetic analysis of a combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF 1-α DNA sequence dataset. Maximum-likelihood, maximum-parsimony and Bayesian inference phylogenetic analyses support Neostagonosporella as a distinct genus within this family. The new genus is compared with related genera of Phaeosphaeriaceae and full descriptions and illustrations are provided. Neostagonosporella is characterised by its unique suite of characters, such as multiloculate ascostromata and cylindrical to fusiform, transversely multiseptate, straight or curved ascospores, which are widest at the central cells. Conidiostromata are multiloculate, fusiform to long fusiform or rhomboid, with two types conidia; macroconidia vermiform or subcylindrical to cylindrical, transversely multiseptate, sometimes curved, almost equidistant between septa and microconidia oval, ellipsoidal or long ellipsoidal, aseptate, rounded at both ends. An updated phylogeny of the Phaeosphaeriaceae based on multigene analysis is provided.

Decreased carO gene expression and OXA-type carbapenemases among extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from burn patients in Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Abbasi ◽  
Hossein Goudarzi ◽  
Ali Hashemi ◽  
Alireza Salimi Chirani ◽  
Abdollah Ardebili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistance

AbstractA major challenge in the treatment of infections has been the rise of extensively drug resistance (XDR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) in Acinetobacter baumannii. The goals of this study were to determine the pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility, blaOXA and carO genes among burn-isolated A. baumannii strains. In this study, 100 A. baumannii strains were isolated from burn patients and their susceptibilities to different antibiotics were determined using disc diffusion testing and broth microdilution. Presence of carO gene and OXA-type carbapenemase genes was tested by PCR and sequencing. SDS-PAGE was done to survey CarO porin and the expression level of carO gene was evaluated by Real-Time PCR. A high rate of resistance to meropenem (98%), imipenem (98%) and doripenem (98%) was detected. All tested A. baumannii strains were susceptible to colistin. The results indicated that 84.9% were XDR and 97.9% of strains were MDR. In addition, all strains bore blaOXA-51 like and blaOXA-23 like and carO genes. Nonetheless, blaOXA-58 like and blaOXA-24 like genes were harbored by 0 percent and 76 percent of strains, respectively. The relative expression levels of the carO gene ranged from 0.06 to 35.01 fold lower than that of carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii ATCC19606 and SDS – PAGE analysis of the outer membrane protein showed that all 100 isolates produced CarO. The results of current study revealed prevalence of blaOXA genes and changes in carO gene expression in carbapenem resistant A.baumannii.

scholarly journals Extensive Phylogenetic Analysis of Piscine Orthoreovirus Genomic Sequences Shows the Robustness of Subgenotype Classification

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Marcos Godoy ◽  
Daniel A. Medina ◽  
Rudy Suarez ◽  
Sandro Valenzuela ◽  
Jaime Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Genomic Segment ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Original Classification

Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) belongs to the family Reoviridae and has been described mainly in association with salmonid infections. The genome of PRV consists of about 23,600 bp, with 10 segments of double-stranded RNA, classified as small (S1 to S4), medium (M1, M2 and M3) and large (L1, L2 and L3); these range approximately from 1000 bp (segment S4) to 4000 bp (segment L1). How the genetic variation among PRV strains affects the virulence for salmonids is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to describe the molecular phylogeny of PRV based on an extensive sequence analysis of the S1 and M2 segments of PRV available in the GenBank database to date (May 2020). The analysis was extended to include new PRV sequences for S1 and M2 segments. In addition, subgenotype classifications were assigned to previously published unclassified sequences. It was concluded that the phylogenetic trees are consistent with the original classification using the PRV genomic segment S1, which differentiates PRV into two major genotypes, I and II, and each of these into two subgenotypes, designated as Ia and Ib, and IIa and IIb, respectively. Moreover, some clusters of country- and host-specific PRV subgenotypes were observed in the subset of sequences used. This work strengthens the subgenotype classification of PRV based on the S1 segment and can be used to enhance research on the virulence of PRV.

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