scholarly journals Turmeric Root and Its Bioactive Ingredient Curcumin Effectively Neutralize SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1914
Author(s):  
Maren Bormann ◽  
Mira Alt ◽  
Leonie Schipper ◽  
Lukas van de Sand ◽  
Vu Thuy Khanh Le-Trilling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Curcumin Treatment ◽  
Complementary Treatment ◽  
Culture Supernatants

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The availability of effective and well-tolerated antiviral drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 patients is still very limited. Traditional herbal medicines elicit antiviral activity against various viruses and might therefore represent a promising option for the complementary treatment of COVID-19 patients. The application of turmeric root in herbal medicine has a very long history. Its bioactive ingredient curcumin shows a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. In the present study, we investigated the antiviral activity of aqueous turmeric root extract, the dissolved content of a curcumin-containing nutritional supplement capsule, and pure curcumin against SARS-CoV-2. Turmeric root extract, dissolved turmeric capsule content, and pure curcumin effectively neutralized SARS-CoV-2 at subtoxic concentrations in Vero E6 and human Calu-3 cells. Furthermore, curcumin treatment significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in cell culture supernatants. Our data uncover curcumin as a promising compound for complementary COVID-19 treatment. Curcumin concentrations contained in turmeric root or capsules used as nutritional supplements completely neutralized SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Our data argue in favor of appropriate and carefully monitored clinical studies that vigorously test the effectiveness of complementary treatment of COVID-19 patients with curcumin-containing products.

scholarly journals First Report ofEurycoma longifoliaJack Root Extract Causing Relaxation of Aortic Rings in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bae Huey Tee ◽  
See Ziau Hoe ◽  
Swee Hung Cheah ◽  
Sau Kuen Lam
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Function ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Vasodilatory Effect

AlthoughEurycoma longifoliahas been studied for erectile function, the blood pressure- (BP-) lowering effect has yet to be verified. Hence, this study aims at investigating the BP-lowering properties of the plant with a view to develop an antihypertensive agent that could also preserve erectile function. Ethanolic root extract was partitioned by hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. The DCM fraction, found to be potent in relaxing phenylephrine- (PE-) precontracted rat aortic rings, was further purified by column chromatography. Subfraction DCM-II, being the most active in relaxing aortae, was studied for effects on the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-kinin systems in aortic rings. The effect of DCM-II on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was also evaluatedin vitro. Results showed that DCM-II reduced (p<0.05) the contractions evoked by angiotensin I and angiotensin II (Ang II). In PE-precontracted rings treated with DCM-II, the Ang II-induced contraction was attenuated (p<0.05) while bradykinin- (BK-) induced relaxation enhanced (p<0.001).In vitro, DCM-II inhibited (p<0.001) the activity of ACE. These data demonstrate that the vasodilatory effect of DCM-II appears to be mediatedviainhibition of Ang II type 1 receptor and ACE as well as enhancement of Ang II type 2 receptor activation and BK activity.

scholarly journals Fibroblast growth factor-21 serum concentrations are associated with metabolic and hepatic markers in humans

2012 ◽  
Vol 216 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Kralisch ◽  
Anke Tönjes ◽  
Kerstin Krause ◽  
Judit Richter ◽  
Ulrike Lossner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Culture Supernatants

Rather than a traditional growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is considered to be a metabolic hormone. In the current study, we investigated serum FGF21 levels in the self-contained population of Sorbs. Serum FGF21 concentrations were quantified by ELISA and correlated with IGF1 as well as metabolic, renal, hepatic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular parameters in 913 Sorbs from Germany. Moreover, human IGF1 protein secretion was investigated in FGF21-stimulated HepG2 cells. Median FGF21 serum concentrations were 2.1-fold higher in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (141.8 ng/l) compared with controls (66.7 ng/l). Furthermore, nondiabetic subjects with FGF21 levels below the detection limit of the ELISA showed a more beneficial metabolic profile compared with subjects with measurable FGF21. Moreover, FGF21 was significantly lower in female compared with male subjects after adjustment for age and BMI. In multiple regression analyses, circulating FGF21 concentrations remained independently and positively associated with gender, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and γ glutamyl transferase whereas a negative association was observed with IGF1 in nondiabetic subjects. Notably, FGF21 significantly inhibited IGF1 secretion into HepG2 cell culture supernatants in preliminary in vitro experiments. FGF21 serum concentrations are associated with facets of the metabolic syndrome, hepatocellular function, as well as GH status.

Lack of in vitro antiviral activity of fluoroquinolones against herpes simplex virus type 2

1992 ◽  
Vol 122 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pessina ◽  
Elisabetta Mineo ◽  
Laura Gribaldo ◽  
Maria Grazia Neri
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Simplex Virus

scholarly journals In vitro determination of inhibitory effects by humic substances complexing Zn and Se on SARS-CoV-2 virus replication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadett Palyi ◽  
Zoltan Kis ◽  
Polett Hajdrik ◽  
Noemi S Kovacs ◽  
Daniel S Veres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Alpha Variant

Humic substances are well known human nutritional supplement materials and play important performance-enhancing roles as animal feed additives, too. For decades, ingredients of humic substances have also been proven to carry potent antiviral effects against different viruses. Here, the antiviral activity of a humic substance containing ascorbic acid, Se- and Zn2+ ions intended as a nutritional supplement material was investigated against SARS-CoV-2 virus B1.1.7 Variant of Concern (Alpha Variant) in a VeroE6 cell line. Results show that this combination has a significant in vitro antiviral effect at a very low concentration range of its intended active ingredients. Even picomolar concentration ranges of humic substances, vitamin C and Zn/Se ions in the given composition were enough to achieve fifty percent viral replication inhibition in the applied SARS-CoV-2 virus inhibition test. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, humic acid, fulvic acid, Zn-Se-ascorbic acid complex, antiviral activity, RT-PCR

scholarly journals Glycyrrhizin effectively neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 in vitro by inhibiting the viral main protease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. van de Sand ◽  
M. Bormann ◽  
M. Alt ◽  
L. Schipper ◽  
C.S. Heilingloh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Licorice Root ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽  
Complementary Treatment ◽  
Antiviral Compound ◽  
Viral Neutralization ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Licorice Root Extract

AbstractThe newly emerged coronavirus, which was designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the COVID-19 disease. High effective and well-tolerated medication for hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients is urgently needed. Traditional herbal medicine substances were discussed as promising candidates for the complementary treatment of viral diseases and recently suggested for the treatment of COVID-19. In the present study, we investigated aqueous licorice root extract for its neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, identified the active compound glycyrrhizin and uncovered the respective mechanism of viral neutralization. We demonstrated that glycyrrhizin, the primary active ingredient of the licorice root, potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting the viral main protease. Our experiments highlight glycyrrhizin as a potential antiviral compound that should be further investigated for the treatment of COVID-19.

Phytochemical Analysis and In-vitro Anti-Diabetic and Anti- Inflammatory study of root extract of Apama siliquosa LAMK.

2021 ◽  
pp. 5838-5842
Author(s):  
Manu Jose ◽  
Stephin Baby ◽  
Dona Mathew ◽  
Naurin Muhammed ◽  
Jayalakshmi P M
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The demand for herbal medicines in many pharmaceutical sectors is growing at a drastic rate due to their improved pharmacological actions, minimal side effects and cost-effectiveness. Anti-inflammatory phytochemicals are found to be efficacious against the treatment of inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis, hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, etc. Anti-diabetic phytochemicals are found to treat the increasing incidence of diabetes prevalent globally. This work aims to perform the phytochemical screening and to evaluate the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity of crude extract of Apama siliquosa Lamk. The method employed for obtaining the active principles includes soxhlation technique with methanol as solvent. The anti-inflammatory property was studied in vitro using inhibition of albumin denaturation technique as well as heat-induced hemolysis and IC50 value was found to be 39.5μg/ml and 36.30μg/ml respectively. The anti-diabetic activity was estimated using the alpha-amylase inhibition assay and Glucose diffusion inhibitory study. The IC50 value for alpha-amylase inhibition assay was found to be 15.75μg/ml. It also shows a strong inhibition of glucose across the dialysis membrane.

scholarly journals Antiviral activity of Aloe vera against herpes simplex virus type 2: An in vitro study

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (15) ◽  
pp. 1770-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Keivan ◽  
isup ◽  
Abbas Zadehsup Moloud ◽  
Sartavisup Kohzad ◽  
Rastiansup Zahra
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Simplex Virus

scholarly journals Improvements in Insulin Resistance and β-Cells Dysfunction by DDP-4 Inhibition Potential of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal Root Extract in Type 2 Diabetic Rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8141-8155
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Withaferin A ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Standard Compound ◽  
High Sucrose ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

The study was aimed to evaluate improvements in insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction by DPP-4 inhibition potential of W. somnifera (L.) Dunal root extract in type 2 diabetic rats. The experimental design was containing the in-vitro assay of chosen extract for DPP-4 inhibition, in-silico analysis of DPP-4 binding with dominating compound withaferin – A and in-vivo assays, respectively. Diabetes induction made through the administration of the corticosteroid [1.0 mg/Kg] and high sucrose diet, which was calculated by HOMA [Homeostasis model assessment]. Whereas the presence of the Withaferin – A (steroidal lactone) in extract (dominating compound of extract) was confirmed by HPLC isolation in comparison to the standard compound. Consequently, the histopathology of the pancreas and antioxidants of renal and hepatic tissues were assayed by standard methods. The chosen extract showed 77.3 % in-vitro DPP-4 inhibition and -9.18 to -6.16 KD binding energy performed with active sites of DPP-4. The corticosteroid and high sucrose feeding caused significant changes in HOMA-IR = 3.9 ±40 %, HOMA β % = 65.4±4.12 % and HOMA sensitivity = 25.5±1.2 %. The treatment of extract of WS altered significantly (𝑃 ≤ 0.001) to HOMA indices, HbA1c, insulin, and glucose levels. Consequently, significant changes were seen in the histology of pancreas and antioxidants levels in hepatic and renal tissues. Accordingly, the occurrence of withaferin-A was (dominating compound of extract) confirmed from HPLC isolation in comparison to the standard compound. The FT-IR spectra annotated the availability of potent functional groups in the extract. The results illustrated that amelioration of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction were conducted as per DPP-4 inhibition potential of W. somnifera root extract. Therefore, it can be concluded that W. somnifera root extract possesses withaferin -A like bioactive compounds having a capacity of DPP-4 inhibition, which can ameliorate insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction.

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