Repeated Leftover Serosurvey of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies in Greece, May to August 2020

A serosurvey of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was conducted in Greece between May and August 2020. It was designed as a cross-sectional survey and was repeated at monthly intervals. The leftover sampling methodology was used and a geographically stratified sampling plan was applied. Of 20,110 serum samples collected, 89 (0.44%) were found to be positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, with higher seroprevalence (0.35%) observed in May 2020. The highest seroprevalence was primarily observed in the “30–49” year age group. Females presented higher seroprevalence compared to males in May 2020 (females: 0.58% VS males: 0.10%). This difference reversed during the study period and males presented a higher proportion in August 2020 (females: 0.12% VS males: 0.58%). Differences in the rate of seropositivity between urban areas and the rest of the country were also observed during the study period. The four-month infection fatality rate (IFR) was estimated to be 0.47%, while the respective case fatality rate (CFR) was at 1.89%. Our findings confirm low seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Greece during the study period. The young adults are presented as the most affected age group. The loss of the cumulative effect of seropositivity in a proportion of previous SARS-CoV-2 infections was indicated.

Download Full-text

Changing epidemiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Thailand

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268898001617 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 122 (1) ◽

pp. 161-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

O. CHAREONSOOK ◽

H. M. FOY ◽

A. TEERARATKUL ◽

N. SILARUG

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Age Group ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Large Cities ◽

The Third ◽

Common Causes

Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) are reportable diseases, the third most common causes for hospitalization of children in Thailand. Data collected from the Ministry of Public Health were analysed for trends. Rates of DHF increased in Thailand until 1987 when the largest epidemic ever, 325/100000 population, was recorded. Whereas the disease used to be confined to large cities, the rate is now higher in rural (102·2 per 100000) than urban areas (95·4 per 100000 in 1997). The age of highest incidence has increased, and the age group most severely affected is now those 5–9 years old (679/100000 in 1997). The case fatality rate has decreased with improved treatment and is now only 0·28%.

Download Full-text

An epidemic of rotavirus diarrhoea in Jawhar Taluk, Thane district, Maharashtra, India, December 2000–January 2001

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268803001912 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 132 (2) ◽

pp. 337-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

S. D. KELKAR ◽

P. G. RAY ◽

N. SHINDE

Keyword(s):

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Acute Diarrhoea ◽

Age Group ◽

Aetiological Agent ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Tribal Area ◽

Children Under 5

An epidemic of diarrhoea in Jawhar, a tribal area of Thane district, Maharashtra, India was investigated. Within a period of approximately 2 months 490 cases of acute diarrhoea were reported among children under 5 years of age, with a case fatality rate of 0·40%. Twenty-seven out of 39 (69·23%) rectal swabs/faecal specimens obtained from hospitalized paediatric patients up to 2 years of age from Jawhar were positive by ELISA for rotavirus. Of these, seven were in the age group of [les ]6 months. Seven ELISA-positive faecal specimens were positive for serotype G3 by RT–PCR. Out of 15 serum samples collected from these patients, 12 showed the presence of rotavirus-specific IgM. Rotavirus appears to be the aetiological agent of this widespread outbreak in Jawhar, Thane district, Maharashtra state, India.

Download Full-text

Multiorgan dysfunction (MOD) in falciparum malaria in children: a study from high endemic area of Southern Odisha

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20182278 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 2008

Author(s):

Niranjan Mohanty ◽

Debasis Patro ◽

Subhranshu Sekhar Dhal

Keyword(s):

Severe Malaria ◽

Falciparum Malaria ◽

Organ Dysfunction ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multiorgan Dysfunction

Background: To find out the prevalence of multiorgan dysfunction in cases of severe falciparum malaria in children, correlating the organ dysfunction in different age group and relationship with case fatality rate (CFR).Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from Jan 2014 to June 2016 in the Department of Pediatrics, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati medical college and hospital (MKCG MCH), Berhampur, Odisha, India. Total 340 cases belonging to <14 yrs having severe malaria (as per the WHO criteria) were included in the study. Mixed malaria and Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) positive cases having other significant disease e.g. chronic hemolytic anaemia, cardiac, renal or other chronic diseases were excluded. The study subjects were thoroughly screened for presence of organ dysfunction clinically and by appropriate laboratory tests and analysed.Results: Out of 340 subjects, maximum no of cases (56.76%) were found in >5yr age group. Hyperparasitemia (>10%) was detected in 12.35% cases. Cerebral malaria was most common organ dysfunction found in 1-5 years, followed by anaemia in 5-10 years, acute renal failure (ARF) in 10-14 years age group. Multiorgan dysfunction (MOD) was detected in 32.94% cases of severe malaria. Overall CFR was 8.82%, being directly proportional to no. of organ involvement, 31.81% with 4 organs and 100 % with five organs involvement respectively which was statistically significant.Conclusions: MOD is of grave outcome in severe Pf malaria increasing the case fatality rate proportionate to number of organs involved.

Download Full-text

Profile of COVID 19 positive patients of Balochistan, Pakistan

Pakistan Journal of Public Health ◽

10.32413/pjph.v10i4.681 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 201-207

Author(s):

Humaira Mahmood ◽

Mehwish Riaz ◽

Naila Azam ◽

Zaffar Iqbal ◽

Saira Maroof

Keyword(s):

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Current Status ◽

Age Group ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Point Of Entry

Background: Current study aim to describe epidemiological, clinical and demographic features in patients confirmed to have COVID-19 in Balochistan Methods: This descriptive cross sectional Study was conducted during months of March and April 2020 based on the secondary data available regarding COVID-19 positive patients from the health service records of Government of Balochistan quarantine centers and hospitals during this period. Data was analyzed by using Excel and SPSS version 23. Mean and standard deviations are used for continuous variables like age and duration of stay (of recovered patients), while frequencies and percentages were used to describe age categories, point of entry and current status. Age specific case fatality rate is calculated by keeping deaths in numerator and confirmed cases in denominator. Results: Mean age of respondents was 35.3±16.12 years , two third of the study population i.e,652(76.3%) were males,353 (40.6)% were in the age group 30-49 years and 417(48.9%) had history of contact with COVID-19 case. Overall case fatality rate was 1.87% and Age Specific Mortality Rate was found to be highest (30%) in age group 70 years and above Conclusion: The epidemiologic behavior of COVID-19 infection introduced in Pakistani population from neighboring country has responded differently in community spread among different ethnic groups represented in different provinces of Pakistan. The case fatality ratios among Baloch ethnic group were much lower than international COVID-19 case responses

Download Full-text

Sebaran Infeksi Leptospira Patogenik pada Tikus dan Cecurut di Daerah Pasca Banjir Kabupaten Pati dan Endemis Boyolali

BALABA JURNAL LITBANG PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT BERSUMBER BINATANG BANJARNEGARA ◽

10.22435/blb.v13i2.279 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 173-182

Author(s):

Zumrotus Sholichah ◽

Rahmawati Rahmawati

Keyword(s):

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Endemic Area ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Google Earth ◽

Transmission Risk ◽

Random Pattern ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Pathogenic Leptospira ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Until March 2014 leptospirosis cases and its Case Fatality Rate increased in Pati and Boyolali. This study aims to describe distribution of infected rats and shrews in flood area in Pati and endemic area in Boyolali. Research carried out by the cross sectional design on March-April 2014. Coordinate of Leptospira infected rats and shrews were mapped using google earth with home range buffer. Data analyzed descriptively to describe distribution of infected rats and shrews. Pathogenic Leptospira sp. infected rats and shrews spread with random pattern. This results could be an explanation of higher transmission risk. of leptospirosis in the area of study

Download Full-text

Global epidemiology of septic shock: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032289 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. e032289

Author(s):

Frank Leonel Tianyi ◽

Joel Noutakdie Tochie ◽

Celestin Danwang ◽

Aime Mbonda ◽

Mazou N Temgoua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Septic Shock ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Primary Study ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Global Epidemiology

BackgroundSeptic shock is a life-threatening infection frequently responsible for hospital admissions or may be acquired as nosocomial infection in hospitalized patients with resultant significant morbidity and mortality . There is a dearth of data on a résumé and meta-analysis on the global epidemiology of this potentially deadly condition. Therefore, we propose the first systematic review to synthesize existing data on the global incidence, prevalence and case fatality rate of septic shock worldwide.MethodsWe will include cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies reporting on the incidence, and case fatality rate of septic shock. Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, WHO Global Health Library and Web of Science will be searched for relevant records published between 1 January 2000 and 31 August 2019. Independents reviewers will perform study selection and data extraction, as well as assessment of methodological quality of included studies. Appropriate meta-analysis will then be used to pool studies judged to be clinically homogenous. Egger’s test and funnel plots will be used to detect publication bias. Findings will be reported and compared by human development level of countries.Ethics and disseminationBeing a review, ethical approval is not required as it was obtained in the primary study which will make up the review. This review is expected to provide relevant data to help in evaluating the burden of septic shock in the general population. The overall findings of this research will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019129783.

Download Full-text

Road Traffic Collisions—Case Fatality Rate, Crash Injury Rate, and Number of Motor Vehicles: Time Trends between a Developed and Developing Country

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/000313481007600933 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 76 (9) ◽

pp. 977-981 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sanchia S. Goonewardene ◽

Khalid Baloch ◽

Keith Porter ◽

Ian Sargeant ◽

Gamini Punchihewa

Keyword(s):

Visual Impairment ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Injury Rate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Uk

Road traffic collisions (RTCs) are one of the most common preventable causes of death and disability worldwide. We investigated changes in numbers of motor vehicles, case fatality rate, and crash injury rate for the most present recorded year (2002) 5 and 10 years before that in the United Kingdom (UK) and Sri Lanka (SL). We also investigated environmental and individual factors impacting patients at South Birmingham Trauma Unit, UK and Colombo General Hospital, SL. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study (both quantitative and qualitative). Over the 10-year period, numbers of motor vehicles have risen in both countries; the crash injury remained stable in both countries. Case fatality rate (far higher) in SL has decreased, as in the UK. Three hundred and twenty-five patients took part in the survey in SL, with 83 in the UK. In the categories investigated, including patient demographics, RTC environment, visual impairment, pedestrian and driver factors, the majority of results were significantly different between the two countries. Target factors such as inadequate street lighting, visual impairment, speeding, and not wearing seatbelts at time of accident were identified, and recommendations developed as a result.

Download Full-text

Clinical course and features of critical patients with COVID-19: a single-center, retrospective study from Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21014/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Huisi He ◽

Zhichao Jin ◽

Yibin Ren ◽

Junxue Wang ◽

Wen Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Troponin I ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Health Concern ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Critical Patients

Abstract Background and Aims: The coronavirus pandemic has become a growing public health concern worldwide, and there are insufficient epidemiological data on critical illness. We sought to investigate the clinical course and features of critical patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).Method: The data on 94 critical patients from 8th February through 16th March 2020, including demographic and clinical information, were obtained from the intensive care unit (ICU) of Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital. A cross-sectional survey and comparisons of key biomarkers between survivors and nonsurvivors were performed.Results: Over the study period, 42 nonsurvivors and 52 survivors were included. The overall case fatality rate for critical patients with COVID-19 was approximately 45%. The average age was 69.17±9.55 years, and the majority had underlying health problems such as hypertension (56[60%]) and diabetes (18[19%]). The median length of ICU stay was 8 days (IQR 4, 13). Compared with survivors, nonsurvivors were more likely to develop sepsis (42[100%] vs. 34[65%]), acute respiratory distress syndrome (40[95%] vs. 28[54%]) and organ dysfunction. In addition, the dynamic changes in some biomarkers were significantly different between the two groups. The trajectories of temperature revealed that the group with a high temperature on admission that steadily declined had the highest percentage of deaths (93.33%).Conclusion: Patients aged 60 years or older with many concomitant diseases were at highest risk, and the fatality rate started to increase with age. Lymphocyte, platelet, C-reactive protein and hypersensitivity troponin I were revealed to have potential as prognostic factors, whereas some other biomarkers, such as hepatic enzymes, may not offer additional information. Moreover, patients with high temperatures on admission should receive extra care.

Download Full-text

Regional Differences in Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics, Treatment, and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 in Wuhan and Remote Areas of Hubei Province

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.667623 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Honggang Ren ◽

Xingyi Guo ◽

Antonio Palazón-Bru ◽

Pengcheng Yang ◽

Nan Huo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regional Differences ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hubei Province ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Suburban Areas

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a major threat to global health. Regional differences in epidemiological and clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of patients have not yet been investigated. This study was conducted to investigate these differences amongCOVID-19 patients in Hubei Province, China.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed data on 289 COVID-19 patients from designated hospitals in three regions:Urban (Wuhan Union West Hospital), Suburban areas of Wuhan (Hannan Hospital) and Enshi city, between February 8 and 20, 2020. The final date of follow-up was December 14th, 2020. The outcomes were case fatality rate and epidemiological and clinical data.Results: Urban Wuhan experienced a significantly higher case fatality rate (21.5%) than suburban Wuhan (5.23%) and rural area of Enshi (3.51%). Urban Wuhan had a higher proportion of patients on mechanical ventilation (24.05%) than suburban Wuhan (0%) and rural Enshi (3.57%). Treatment with glucocorticoids was equivalent in urban and suburban Wuhan (46.84 and 45.75%, respectively) and higher than Enshi (25.00%). Urban Wuhan had a higher proportion of patients with abnormal tests including liver function and serum electrolytes and a higher rate of pneumonia (p < 0.01 for all). Urban Wuhan also had a higher incidence of respiratory failure, heart disease, liver disease and shock, compared with the other two regions (all p < 0.05).Conclusions: Our findings revealed that there are regional differences in COVID-19. These findings provide novel insights into the distribution of appropriate resources for the prevention, control and treatment of COVID-19 for the global community.

Download Full-text

Mortality of tetanus at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Tropical Doctor ◽

10.1258/0049475054620806 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 178-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

F I Ojini ◽

M A Danesi

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Developed Countries ◽

University Teaching ◽

Age Group ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Medical Wards

Records of 349 tetanus patients, aged 10 years and above, admitted to the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, between 1990 and 1999 were reviewed. The male:female ratio was 1.98:1, and the ages were between 10 and 88 years, with a mean age of 29.8 years. The overall case fatality rate (CFR) of tetanus was 36.96% (33.19% for men and 44.44% for women). The CFR is similar to that previously reported in the hospital, but higher than that reported from Europe and North America. The lowest CFR was in the 10-19-year age group, and there was a trend towards increasing CFR with increasing age. Tetanus patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) had a significantly higher CFR than those in the medical wards. Unlike in developed countries, where management of tetanus in ICU has resulted in a decrease in CFR, the CFR of tetanus at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital has not significantly reduced over the years.

Download Full-text