Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Several Bacteria Species Identified in the Peritoneal Exudate of Cows Affected by Parietal Fibrinous Peritonitis after Caesarean Section

The aim of this study was to identify the species and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria involved in parietal fibrinous peritonitis (PFP). We studied 156 peritoneal fluid samples from cows presenting PFP after caesarean section. Bacteria were cultured in selective media and their antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion assay. Bacteria were isolated in the majority (129/156; 83%) of samples. The majority (82/129; 63%) of positive samples contained one dominant species, while two or more species were cultured in 47/129 (36%) samples. Trueperella pyogenes (T. Pyogenes) (107 strains) was the most identified species, followed by Escherichia coli (E. coli) (38 strains), Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) (6 strains), and Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) (6 strains). Several other species were sporadically identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested in 59/185 strains, predominantly E. coli (38 strains) and P. mirabilis (6 strains). Antibiotic resistance, including resistance to molecules of critical importance, was commonly observed; strains were classified as weakly drug resistant (22/59; 37%), multidrug resistant (24/59; 41%), extensively drug resistant (12/59; 20%), or pan-drug resistant (1/59; 2%). In conclusion, extensive antibiotic resistance in the isolated germs might contribute to treatment failure. Ideally, antimicrobial therapy of PFP should be based upon bacterial culture and susceptibility testing.

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Antimicrobial Resistance, Serologic and Molecular Characterization of E. coli Isolated from Calves with Severe or Fatal Enteritis in Bavaria, Germany

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics11010023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Andrea Feuerstein ◽

Nelly Scuda ◽

Corinna Klose ◽

Angelika Hoffmann ◽

Alexander Melchner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Worldwide, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause neonatal diarrhea and high mortality rates in newborn calves, leading to great economic losses. In Bavaria, Germany, no recent facts are available regarding the prevalence of virulence factors or antimicrobial resistance of ETEC in calves. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 8713 E. coli isolates obtained from 7358 samples of diseased or deceased diarrheic calves were investigated between 2015 to 2019. Considerably high rates of 84.2% multidrug-resistant and 15.8% extensively drug-resistant isolates were detected. The resistance situation of the first, second and third line antimicrobials for the treatment, here amoxicillin-clavulanate, enrofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, is currently acceptable with mean non-susceptibility rates of 28.1%, 37.9% and 50.0% over the investigated 5-year period. Furthermore, the ETEC serotypes O101:K28, O9:K35, O101:K30, O101:K32, O78:K80, O139:K82, O8:K87, O141:K85 and O147:K89, as well as the virulence factors F17, F41, F5, ST-I and stx1 were identified in a subset of samples collected in 2019 and 2020. The substantially high rates of multi- and extensively drug-resistant isolates underline the necessity of continuous monitoring regarding antimicrobial resistance to provide reliable prognoses and adjust recommendations for the treatment of bacterial infections in animals.

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The Dissemination of Multidrug Resistance (MDR) and Extensively Drug Resistant (XDR) among Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) Isolates from Urinary Tract Infection Patients in Babylon Province, Iraq

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.2019.16.4(suppl.).0986 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (4(Suppl.)) ◽

pp. 0986

Author(s):

Al-Hasnawy Et al.

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant

Antibiotic resistance is a problem of deep scientific concern both in hospital and community settings. Rapid detection in clinical laboratories is essential for the judicious recognition of antimicrobial resistant organisms. So, the growth of Uropathgenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates with Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and Extensively Drug-resistant (XDR) profiles that thwart therapy for (UTIs) has been detected and has straight squeezed costs and extended hospital stays. This study aims to detect MDR- and XDR-UPEC isolates. Out of 42 UPEC clinical isolates were composed from UTI patients. The bacterial strains were recognized by standard laboratory protocols. Susceptibility to antibiotic was measured by the standard disk diffusion method Out of 42 Uropathogenic E. coli, 37 (88.09%) were found to be MDR while 5 isolates (11.90%) were XDR. The present study concluded high prevalence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) with Multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolated from urinary tract infection in Babylon province – Iraq.

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Escherichia coli O15 : H7 from Food of Animal Origin in Arsi: Occurrence at Catering Establishments and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2021/6631860 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Geresu Minda Asfaw ◽

Regassa Shimelis

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Animal Origin ◽

E Coli ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile

Escherichia coli O157 : H7 (E. coli O157 : H7) has been found to be the major cause of food-borne diseases and a serious public health problem in the world, with an increasing concern for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant strains. Hitherto, little is known about the carriage of E. coli O157 : H7 and its antimicrobial susceptibility profile in the food of animal origin in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the occurrence and multidrug resistance profile of E. coli O157 : H7 from food of animal origin at different catering establishments in the selected study settings of Arsi Zone. One hundred ninety-two animal origin food items, namely, raw/minced meat (locally known as “Kitfo,” “Kurt,” and “Dulet”), raw milk, egg sandwich, and cream cake samples were collected and processed for microbiological detection of E. coli O157 : H7. Out of 192 samples, 2.1% (4/192) were positive for E. coli O157 : H7. Two E. coli O157 : H7 isolates were obtained from “Dulet” (6.3%) followed by “Kurt” (3.1%, 1/32) and raw milk (3.1%, 1/32), whereas no isolate was obtained from “Kitfo,” egg sandwich, and cream cake samples. Of the 4 E. coli O157 : H7 isolates subjected to 10 panels of antimicrobial discs, 3 (75%) were highly resistant to kanamycin, streptomycin, and nitrofurantoin. Besides, all the isolates displayed multidrug resistance phenotypes, 3 to 5 antimicrobial resistance, amid kanamycin, streptomycin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant E. coli O157 : H7 isolates from foods of animal origin sampled from different catering establishments reveals that the general sanitary condition of the catering establishments, utensils used, and personnel hygienic practices did not comply with the recommended standards. Thus, this finding calls for urgent attention toward appropriate controls and good hygienic practices in different catering establishments dealing with consuming raw/undercooked foods of animal origin.

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Extended Spectrum Beta- lactamases Producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical samples refereed to the National Bacteriology and Mycology Reference Laboratory, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.20224/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abebe Aseffa Negeri ◽

Eyasu Tigabu Seyoum ◽

Dejenie Shiferaw Taklu ◽

Estifanos Tsige ◽

Dawit Assefa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Reference Laboratory ◽

Beta Lactamases ◽

E Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽

Culture Positive

Abstract Background Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae are prevalent worldwide and they are unique challenges for treatment and control of bacterial infectious diseases. ESBL genes not only confer resistance to oximino-cephalosporins and aztreonum but also, they are multidrug-resistant to other commonly available antimicrobial agents used in clinical practice.Objective To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical samples referred to the national clinical bacteriology and mycology reference laboratory.Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on Enterobacteriaceae culture- positive clinical samples that were referred to the national bacteriology and mycology reference laboratory from August 2018 to July 2019. Bacterial isolation was performed according to the inoculation and incubation conditions of each clinical specimen and identifications of the isolates were performed using standardized biochemical tests for gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of these cultures were determined using the disk diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar according to the recommendation by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). ESBL production was detected using CLSI Screening and confirmation test. A double-disk synergy test was used for confirmation.Results Out of 371 culture positive for Enterobacteriaceae , 240 (64.7%) were positive for ESBL production, and the most prevalent species were Klebsiella sp 131(54.6%) followed by E. coli 79 (32.9%). Of 131 ESBL positive Klebsiella spp, 95 (72.5%) were obtained from blood samples and among 79 E. coli isolates, 51 (64.6%) of the strains were isolated from urine samples. All ESBL positive isolates were resistant to ampicillin and all generation of cephalosporins. In addition, 100% of them were multidrug resistant. There were also high proportions of resistant ESBL positive isolates to other classes of antimicrobial agents. Less resistance rates were documented for carbapenems drugs and amikacin from the class of aminoglycosides.Conclusion ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae we reported in this study was not only highly prevalent but also they are multidrug resistant to most clinically available antimicrobial agents including carbapenems. Therefore, public awareness and regular monitoring

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Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern among Isolates Obtained From Body Fluids

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.33314/jnhrc.v0i0.1656 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 173-177

Author(s):

Lok Bahadur Shrestha ◽

Narayan Raj Bhattarai ◽

Basudha Khanal

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Body Fluid ◽

Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽

Body Fluids ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant

Background: Infections of the sterile body sites, when occurs typically have greater clinical urgency and these infections could be life threatening. For the appropriate management of patient, early detection and identification of organism is crucial. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, organism profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates obtained from infection of body fluids.Methods: Laboratory and clinical records of all the sterile body fluid except blood and cerebrospinal fluid submitted to the Department of Microbiology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences during the period of 5 years (January 2012 to December 2016) were analyzed.Results: Among 1835 samples, 196 fluids samples showed growth of organisms with an isolation rate of 10.68%. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most common organism followed by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed variable degree of resistance. Thirty percentage of organisms were multi-drug resistant, 10% were extensively-drug resistant, none was pan-drug resistant, 35% of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were extended spectrum ?-lactamase producer and 30% of S. aureus were methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The study showed increasing trends of multi-drug resistant, extensively-drug resistant, methicillin-resistant S. aureus and extended spectrum ?-lactamase over the years. Conclusions: The study showed infection rate of 10% among normally sterile body fluids. E.coli, S. aureus and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex are the common organisms. The infections are associated with multi drug resistant organisms. Routine surveillance of multi-drug resistant in infection of body fluids is necessary to guide treatment. Keywords: Extensively-drug resistant; methicillin-resistant S. aureus; multi-drug resistant; sterile body fluid.

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A Clinical Extensively-Drug Resistant (XDR) Escherichia coli and Role of Its β-Lactamase Genes

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2020.590357 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Mingyu Wang ◽

Wenjia Wang ◽

Yu Niu ◽

Ting Liu ◽

Ling Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Multidrug Resistance ◽

High Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Coding Region ◽

E Coli ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant ◽

Resistance Plasmids ◽

And Function

An extensively-drug resistant (XDR) Escherichia coli W60 was isolated from the urine sample of a patient. The genetic basis for its XDR phenotype was investigated, particularly the basis for its resistance toward β-lactam/BLI (β-Lactamase Inhibitor) combinations. Following determination of the XDR phenotype, third generation genomic sequencing was performed to identify genetic structures in E. coli W60. Further cloning analysis was performed to identify determinants of β-lactam/BLI combination resistance. It was found that E. coli W60 is resistant to nearly all of the tested antibiotics including all commonly used β-lactam/BLI combinations. Analysis of the genomic structures in E. coli W60 showed two novel transferable plasmids are responsible for the resistance phenotypes. Further genetic analysis showed blaNDM–5 leads to high resistance to β-lactam/BLI combinations, which was enhanced by co-expressing bleMBL. pECW602 harbors a truncated blaTEM that is not functional due to the loss of the N-terminal signal peptide coding region. Research performed in this work leads to several significant conclusions: the XDR phenotype of E. coli W60 can be attributed to the presence of transferable multidrug resistance plasmids; NDM-5 confers high resistance to β-lactam/BLI combinations; co-expression of bleMBL enhances resistance caused by NDM-5; the signal peptides of TEM type β-lactamases are essential for their secretion and function. Findings of this work show the danger of transferable multidrug resistance plasmids and metallo-β-lactamases, both of which should be given more attention in the analysis and treatment of multidrug resistant pathogens.

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Antibiotic Resistance and Mobile Genetic Elements in Extensively Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Type 147 Recovered from Germany

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9100675 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 675

Author(s):

Kyriaki Xanthopoulou ◽

Alessandra Carattoli ◽

Julia Wille ◽

Lena M. Biehl ◽

Holger Rohde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

High Risk ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Mobile Genetic Elements ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Genetic Variations ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Genetic Elements ◽

Resistance Determinants ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), especially multidrug-resistance plasmids, are major vehicles for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants. Herein, we analyse the MGEs in three extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Germany. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is performed using Illumina and MinION platforms followed by core-genome multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). The plasmid content is analysed by conjugation, S1-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE) and Southern blot experiments. The K. pneumoniae isolates belong to the international high-risk clone ST147 and form a cluster of closely related isolates. They harbour the blaOXA-181 carbapenemase on a ColKP3 plasmid, and 12 antibiotic resistance determinants on an multidrug-resistant (MDR) IncR plasmid with a recombinogenic nature and encoding a large number of insertion elements. The IncR plasmids within the three isolates share a high degree of homology, but present also genetic variations, such as inversion or deletion of genetic regions in close proximity to MGEs. In addition, six plasmids not harbouring any antibiotic resistance determinants are present in each isolate. Our study indicates that genetic variations can be observed within a cluster of closely related isolates, due to the dynamic nature of MGEs. The mobilome of the K. pneumoniae isolates combined with the emergence of the XDR ST147 high-risk clone have the potential to become a major challenge for global healthcare.

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ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE THREATS IN PATIENTS WITH INDWELLING URINARY CATHETERS: BACTERIAL SPECTRUM, INFECTION RATES AND THE EMERGENCE OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT AND EXTENSIVELY DRUG RESISTANT STRAINS

Acta Medica Medianae ◽

10.5633/amm.2020.0312 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 90-97

Author(s):

Milan B. Potić ◽

Aleksandar Skakić ◽

Miodrag Djordjević

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Urinary Catheters ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant ◽

Bacterial Spectrum ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

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Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Colistin Nonsusceptible Nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii Strains from Russia for 2013-2014

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2017/1839190 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Eugene A. Sheck ◽

Mikhail V. Edelstein ◽

Marina V. Sukhorukova ◽

Natali V. Ivanchik ◽

Elena Yu. Skleenova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽

Nosocomial Infections ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant ◽

Epidemiological Features ◽

High Level ◽

Therapeutic Possibilities

A high level of resistance to carbapenems in Acinetobacter baumannii strains severely limits therapeutic possibilities. Colistin is the last resort drug against such strains, although the cases of resistance to this drug have become more frequent. This article presents the epidemiological features and genetic diversity of colistin nonsusceptible A. baumannii strains collected as part of a national multicenter epidemiological study of the antibiotic resistance of pathogens of nosocomial infections (MARATHON), which was conducted in 2013-2014 in Russia. A total of 527 A. baumannii isolates were collected, 10 (1.9%) of which were nonsusceptible to colistin. The majority of nonsusceptible A. baumannii isolates to colistin showed resistance to carbapenems and had the genes of the acquired OXA-40-like carbapenemases (n=6). In one case, a combination of OXA-23-like + OXA-40-like (n=1) genes was identified. One strain had the multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype, 6 isolates had extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotype, and 3 isolates had pandrug-resistant (PDR) phenotype. Among the colistin nonsusceptible A. baumannii isolates, 6 individual genotypes were identified, most of which belonged to successful international clones (CC92OXF/CC2PAS, n=4; CC944OXF/ST78PAS, n=4; CC109OXF/CC1PAS, n=1).

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