scholarly journals Water Rights and Everyday Ch´ixi Practices in the Barrio El Faro in Medellín, Colombia

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Botero-Mesa ◽  
Roca-Servat
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Ways Of Being

Situated at the margins of the urban–rural perimeter of the city of Medellín in Colombia, El Faro is a neighborhood in constant construction where life flourishes despite limited access to a formal water supply. By means of everyday practices, El Faro’s residents have claimed their right to water and mobilized to defend their self-managed community water supply. This article attempts to understand how these everyday water practices defy mainstream ideas on universal coverage, standardized mechanisms for access to water, and water rights. Based on an interdisciplinary theoretical framework combining political ecology, critical studies of law, and decolonial theory of everyday practice, this study applies an ethnographic approach in an effort to overcome exclusionary binaries in social theory. First, it recognizes the interdependent and bidirectional relationship between society and nature, allowing for the emergence of new ways of understanding water. Second, it challenges monolithic views of power, revealing the coexistence of multiple normative systems that interact with the state and its laws and, thus, the need for new ways of understanding the law. Third, it gives space for the expression of ch´ixi ways of being of those who live on borderlands. For these reasons, this article represents a contribution to the study of how everyday water practices affect equitable access to water and just water governing structures.

scholarly journals Water as a tool for development. An analysis of the conflict of the Ñuble River, Chile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Cristian Leaman-Constanzo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Project ◽  
Peasant Communities ◽  
Environmental Institutions ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Natural Water Bodies

<p>After three decades of neoliberal policies, there are growing concerns in Chile about how nature is used and understood. These concerns are reflected in the relationship between humans and natural water bodies which has reconceptualised the use of and access to water, especially for rural communities. These reconceptualisations have been affected by the model of water rights and river basin governance adopted which have raised issues about social inequality. As a result, rural communities have argued for greater participation in decision-making on matters that affect their lives.  This thesis explores conflict that arose around the Punilla Dam Project on the Ñuble River, Biobío Region in Chile. The research employs a political ecology perspective to explore the socio-environmental outcomes of water management in this case and in Chile more generally. The case illustrates how water is important for Chile as a tool for development, the role environmental institutions play, and the tensions between peasant communities, irrigators and hydroelectric interests, while placing these tensions in the context of wider economic and political structures. It is clear that water is key in Chile, hence an examination of the encounter between the model of development and nature is required. I argue that the outcomes of these encounters will increase social inequality and marginalisation, showing that a water project is not always good for all. The omission of these issues in places often rich both in biodiversity and socio-cultural heritage is a cause of concern for Chile and more globally.</p>

Equity in access to water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia: an analysis of EDHS data (2000–2011)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selamawit Seyoum ◽  
Jay P. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Equity In Access ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

Significant efforts to improve water supply and sanitation (WS&S) in Ethiopia have been made over the past decade, yet it is unclear how progress has affected different segments of the population. This study used data from Ethiopia's Demographic and Health Survey (2000, 2005, and 2011) to assess trends in: 1) access to improved water supplies; 2) use of improved sanitation; 3) use of untreated surface water as a primary source for drinking water; 4) open defecation; and 5) water transport times greater than 30 minutes. Trends were assessed by urban/rural residence, administrative region and education. The study found increases in access to improved water supplies and reductions in open defecation; however, no progress was observed in the use of improved sanitation. Rural households that reported drinking untreated surface water went from nearly one-third in 2000 to one-fifth in 2011. No improvements were found regarding the reported time spent collecting water. Inequities in WS&S remained high across the country, highlighting the need to focus on these differences and target resources towards sub-populations that lack this fundamental necessity.

scholarly journals Water as a tool for development. An analysis of the conflict of the Ñuble River, Chile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Cristian Leaman-Constanzo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Project ◽  
Peasant Communities ◽  
Environmental Institutions ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Natural Water Bodies

<p>After three decades of neoliberal policies, there are growing concerns in Chile about how nature is used and understood. These concerns are reflected in the relationship between humans and natural water bodies which has reconceptualised the use of and access to water, especially for rural communities. These reconceptualisations have been affected by the model of water rights and river basin governance adopted which have raised issues about social inequality. As a result, rural communities have argued for greater participation in decision-making on matters that affect their lives.  This thesis explores conflict that arose around the Punilla Dam Project on the Ñuble River, Biobío Region in Chile. The research employs a political ecology perspective to explore the socio-environmental outcomes of water management in this case and in Chile more generally. The case illustrates how water is important for Chile as a tool for development, the role environmental institutions play, and the tensions between peasant communities, irrigators and hydroelectric interests, while placing these tensions in the context of wider economic and political structures. It is clear that water is key in Chile, hence an examination of the encounter between the model of development and nature is required. I argue that the outcomes of these encounters will increase social inequality and marginalisation, showing that a water project is not always good for all. The omission of these issues in places often rich both in biodiversity and socio-cultural heritage is a cause of concern for Chile and more globally.</p>

Ensuring access to water in an emergency context: Towards an overexploitation and contamination of water resources?

2021 ◽  
pp. 096466392110316
Author(s):  
Chloé Nicolas-Artero
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Mining Pollution ◽  
Access To Water

This article shows how geo-legal devices created to deal with environmental crisis situations make access to drinking water precarious and contribute to the overexploitation and contamination of water resources. It relies on qualitative methods (interviews, observations, archive work) to identify and analyse two geo-legal devices applied in the case study of the Elqui Valley in Chile. The first device, generated by the Declaration of Water Scarcity, allows private sanitation companies to concentrate water rights and extend their supply network, thus producing an overexploitation of water resources. In the context of mining pollution, the second device is structured around the implementation of the Rural Drinking Water Programme and the distribution of water by tankers, which has made access to drinking water more precarious for the population and does nothing to prevent pollution.

scholarly journals Turkey’s governance of irregular migration at European Union borders: Emerging geographies of care and control

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 849-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beste İşleyen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Unsuccessful Attempt ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Mobile Populations ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
And Control

Combining insights from critical studies on humanitarianism and scholarly work emphasising everyday practices, this study examines Turkish policing of human mobility at European Union borders in two border cities: Edirne and İzmir. Through a focus on the central understandings, justifications and operational responses by Turkish border officials, the article highlights the intertwinement of care and control as inherent to humanitarianism in the daily governance of mobile populations at Turkey’s western borders. In so doing, the findings draw attention to discursive articulations and practices, while pointing to their moral, emotional and cultural elements. The article advances the literature by underlining the centrality of geography in impacting on the logics and practices of governing mobility within the territory of the nation state. The findings also underscore variations in border practices and the embodiment of humanitarianism between the two border cities under investigation as well as across the country. In addition, the article adds to debates on the emerging spaces of humanitarianism by bringing into focus the operation of humanitarian border policing in Turkey before departure and/or after the unsuccessful attempt of border crossing.

scholarly journals Programa Cisterna nas Escolas: estudo de caso na Microrregião Serrana dos Quilombos no estado de Alagoas, Brasil

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Elvis Pantaleão Ferreira ◽  
José Thales Pantaleão Ferreira ◽  
Fabiana De Souza Pantaleão
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
The State ◽  
Report Cards ◽  
Public System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Water Supply Services

O Projeto Cisternas nas Escolas objetiva o fornecimento de água para as escolas rurais do Semiárido, utilizando ações estruturais mediante concepção de cisternas como tecnologia social para armazenamento de água pluvial, e ações não estruturais por meio de práticas educativas contextualizadas. Este trabalho objetiva apresentar um pioneiro diagnóstico da infraestrutura dos serviços de abastecimento de água as escolas rurais em que foram implantadas cisternas do Programa Cisternas nas Escolas na Microrregião Serrana dos Quilombos, no estado de Alagoas, especificamente no município de Santana do Mundaú, utilizando-se como metodologia a pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, com emprego de entrevista semiestruturada e não estruturada, além do uso de questionário, fichas-relatório e registros fotográficos. Das cisternas implantadas nas escolas, apenas uma está sendo parcialmente utilizada. Estão todas elas totalmente desprovidas de acompanhamento técnico, sendo possível perceber a falta de interesse do executivo municipal na promoção da manutenção desses equipamentos. São fundamentais ações que elevem o empoderamento social a essas construções.  Cistern in Schools Program: case study in the mountainous microregion of quilombos in the state of Alagoas, Brazil The reality of many rural schools in the public system presents a still worrying scenario regarding access to water. The Cisterns in Schools Project aims to provide water for rural schools in the Semi-Arid and priority areas located in indigenous villages and quilombola communities, using structural actions through the design of cisterns as social technology for rainwater storage, and non-structural actions through contextualized educational practices. The work aims to present a pioneering diagnosis of the infrastructure of water supply services to rural schools in which cisterns of the Cisterns in Schools Program were implemented in the mountainous dos Quilombos Microregion in the state of Alagoas, specifically in the municipality of Santana do Mandau. The methodology was based on exploratory and qualitative research using semi-structured and unstructured interviews, using a questionnaire, report cards and photographic records. Of the cisterns installed in schools, only one is being partially used. They are all totally devoid of technical monitoring, being possible to perceive the lack of interest of the municipal executive in promoting the maintenance of this equipment. Keywords: Water supply, Education, Health.

scholarly journals Global cost-benefit analysis of water supply and sanitation interventions

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Hutton ◽  
Laurence Haller ◽  
Jamie Bartram
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Global Cost ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

The aim of this study was to estimate the economic benefits and costs of a range of interventions to improve access to water supply and sanitation facilities in the developing world. Results are presented for eleven developing country WHO sub-regions as well as at the global level, in United States Dollars (US$) for the year 2000. Five different types of water supply and sanitation improvement were modelled: achieving the water millennium development goal of reducing by half in 2015 those without improved water supply in the year 1990; achieving the combined water supply and sanitation MDG; universal basic access to water supply and sanitation; universal basic access plus water purification at the point-of-use; and regulated piped water supply and sewer connection. Predicted reductions in the incidence of diarrhoeal disease were calculated based on the expected population receiving these interventions. The costs of the interventions included estimations of the full investment and annual running costs. The benefits of the interventions included time savings due to easier access, gain in productive time and reduced health care costs saved due to less illness, and prevented deaths. The results show that all water and sanitation improvements are cost-beneficial in all developing world sub-regions. In developing regions, the return on a US$1 investment was in the range US$5 to US$46, depending on the intervention. For the least developed regions, investing every US$1 to meet the combined water supply and sanitation MDG lead to a return of at least US$5 (AFR-D, AFR-E, SEAR-D) or US$12 (AMR-B; EMR-B; WPR-B). The main contributor to economic benefits was time savings associated with better access to water and sanitation services, contributing at least 80% to overall economic benefits. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that even under pessimistic data assumptions the potential economic benefits outweighed the costs in all developing world regions. Further country case-studies are recommended as a follow up to this global analysis.

Water rights of the head reach farmers in view of a water supply scenario at the extension area of the Babai Irrigation Project, Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Adhikari ◽  
R. Verhoeven ◽  
P. Troch
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Irrigation Project
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