scholarly journals Source Water Apportionment of a River Network: Comparing Field Isotopes to Hydrodynamically Modeled Tracers

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1128
Author(s):  
Lily A. Tomkovic ◽  
Edward S. Gross ◽  
Bobby Nakamoto ◽  
Marilyn L. Fogel ◽  
Carson Jeffres
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Tidal River ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Flood Season

Tributary source water provenance is a primary control on water quality and ecological characteristics in branching tidal river systems. Source water provenance can be estimated both from field observations of chemical characteristics of water and from numerical modeling approaches. This paper highlights the strengths and shortcomings of two methods. One method uses stable isotope compositions of oxygen and hydrogen from water in field-collected samples to build a mixing model. The second method uses a calibrated hydrodynamic model with numerical tracers released from upstream reaches to estimate source-water fraction throughout the model domain. Both methods were applied to our study area in the eastern Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, a freshwater tidal system which is dominated by fluvial processes during the flood season. In this paper, we show that both methods produce similar source water fraction values, implying the usefulness of both despite their shortcomings, and fortifying the use of hydrodynamic tracers to model transport in a natural system.

FIELD OBSERVATIONS OF THE WATER QUALITY AND TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES IN URBAN TIDAL RIVER

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 799-804
Author(s):  
Haruhiko MATSUMOTO ◽  
Junichi SAKAMOTO ◽  
Takuzou AMANO ◽  
Hirokazu KUMASAKI ◽  
Kesayoshi HADANO
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Tidal River ◽  
Field Observations

Влияние экологического состояния водоисточника на режим работы водопроводных очистных сооружений

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bykova ◽  
I. Egorova ◽  
A. Strelkov ◽  
L. Talovyria ◽  
O. Nesterenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Water Abstraction ◽  
The City

При изучении качества воды источника водоснабжения г. Самары Саратовского водохранилища особое внимание было уделено основным показателям, влияющим на выбор реагентной обработки: мутность, перманганатная окисляемость и цветность. Сезонные изменения качества воды водохранилища требуют постоянной корректировки дозы реагентов с целью достижения нормативных требований к качеству очищенной воды. Приводятся результаты производственных исследований изменения качества воды Саратовского водохранилища в створе водозаборов г. Самары за 20172019 годы по мутности, перманганатной окисляемости и цветности. В связи с аномальными температурными перепадами и наступлением осеннего паводка (конец декабря 2019 г. и январь 2020 г.) резко изменилось качество воды водохранилища по цветности и перманганатной окисляемости. Отмечено, что увеличение указанных показателей потребовало повышения дозы реагентов при очистке исходной воды. Оптимальная доза реагентов постоянно коректируется в зависимости от состава исходной воды на флокуляторе Lovibond ЕТ-750 . Регулярное проведение пробного коагулирования позволило поддерживать качество очищенной воды в соответствии с нормативными требованиями СанПиН 2.1.4.1074-01 Питьевая вода. Контроль качества , кроме цветности и железа общего, так как превышение этих показателей наблюдалось в пределах погрешности методов измерения.While studying the water quality of the water source of the city of Samara the Saratov water reservoir, special attention was paid to the main indicators that influence the choice of chemical treatment: turbidity, permanganate index and color. Seasonal changes in the water quality of the water reservoir require constant adjustment of the chemical dose in order to meet the regulatory requirements to the quality of treated water. The results of the studies of changes in the water quality of the Saratov reservoir at the water abstraction points of the city of Samara for 20172019 by turbidity, permanganate index and color are presented. Due to the abnormal temperature differences and onset of autumn flood (end of December 2019 and January 2020), the water quality in the water reservoir dramatically changed in color and permanganate index. It was noted that an increase in these indicators required an increase in the dose of chemicals during the source water purification. The optimal dose of chemicals is selected with Lovibond ET-750 flocculator depending on the composition of the source water. Regular test coagulation allowed maintaining the quality of purified water in accordance with the regulatory requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 Drinking water. Quality control , except for color and total iron since the values of these indicators were increased within the measurement accuracy.

scholarly journals Combined Geomorphic and Numerical-Modeling Analyses of Sediment Loads for Developing Water-Quality Targets for Sediment

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (4) ◽  
pp. 1375-1392
Author(s):  
A. Simon ◽  
R.L. Bingner ◽  
E.J. Langendoen ◽  
Y. Yuan ◽  
R.R Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Sediment Loads

scholarly journals Phosphorous Supply to a Eutrophic Artificial Lake: Sedimentary versus Groundwater Sources

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Wiebe Förster ◽  
Jan C. Scholten ◽  
Michael Schubert ◽  
Kay Knoeller ◽  
Nikolaus Classen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
Stable Water Isotopes ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Sediment Pore Water ◽  
Mass Balance Models

The eutrophic Lake Eichbaumsee, a ~1 km long and 280 m wide (maximum water depth 16 m) dredging lake southeast of Hamburg (Germany), has been treated for water quality improvements using various techniques (i.e., aeration plants, removal of dissolved phosphorous by aluminum phosphorous precipitation, and by Bentophos® (Phoslock Environmental Technologies, Sydney, Australia), adsorption) during the past ~15 years. Despite these treatments, no long-term improvement of the water quality has been observed and the lake water phosphorous content has continued to increase by e.g., ~670 kg phosphorous between autumn 2014 and autumn 2019. As no creeks or rivers drain into the lake and hydrological groundwater models do not suggest any major groundwater discharge into the lake, sources of phosphorous (and other nutrients) are unknown. We investigated the phosphorous fluxes from sediment pore water and from groundwater in the water body of the lake. Sediment pore water was extracted from sediment cores recovered by divers in August 2018 and February 2019. Diffusive phosphorous fluxes from pore water were calculated based on phosphorus gradients. Stable water isotopes (δ2H, δ18O) were measured in the lake water, in interstitial waters in the banks surrounding the lake, in the Elbe River, and in three groundwater wells close to the lake. Stable isotope (δ2H, δ18O) water mass balance models were used to compute water inflow/outflow to/from the lake. Our results revealed pore-water borne phosphorous fluxes between 0.2 mg/m2/d and 1.9 mg/m2/d. Assuming that the measured phosphorous fluxes are temporarily and spatially representative for the whole lake, about 11 kg/a to 110 kg/a of phosphorous is released from sediments. This amount is lower than the observed lake water phosphorous increase of ~344 kg between April 2018 and November 2018. Water stable isotope (δ2H, δ18O) compositions indicate a water exchange between an aquifer and the lake water. Based on stable isotope mass balances we estimated an inflow of phosphorous from the aquifer to the lake of between ~150 kg/a and ~390 kg/a. This result suggests that groundwater-borne phosphorous is a significant phosphorous source for the Eichbaumsee and highlights the importance of groundwater for lake water phosphorous balances.

scholarly journals Rockslides on limestone cliffs with subhorizontal bedding in the southwestern calcareous area of China

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2627-2635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Feng ◽  
B. Li ◽  
Y. P. Yin ◽  
K. He
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Compression Fracture ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Hard Rocks ◽  
Rupture Plane ◽  
Rock Collapse ◽  
Cliff Retreat

Abstract. Calcareous mountainous areas are highly prone to geohazards, and rockslides play an important role in cliff retreat. This study presents three examples of failures of limestone cliffs with subhorizontal bedding in the southwestern calcareous area of China. Field observations and numerical modeling of Yudong Escarpment, Zengzi Cliff, and Wangxia Cliff showed that pre-existing vertical joints passing through thick limestone and the alternation of competent and incompetent layers are the most significant features for rockslides. A "hard-on-soft" cliff made of hard rocks superimposed on soft rocks is prone to rock slump, characterized by shearing through the underlying weak strata along a curved surface and backward tilting. When a slope contains weak interlayers rather than a soft basal, a rock collapse could occur from the compression fracture and tensile split of the rock mass near the interfaces. A rockslide might shear through a hard rock mass if no discontinuities are exposed in the cliff slope, and sliding may occur along a moderately inclined rupture plane. The "toe breakout" mechanism mainly depends on the strength characteristics of the rock mass.

scholarly journals Calculating Required Purification Effort to Turn Source Water into Drinking Water Using an Adapted CCME Water Quality Index

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre van den Doel ◽  
Geert H van Kollenburg ◽  
Thomas D.N. van Remmen ◽  
Joanne A de Jonge ◽  
Gerard J Stroomberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Source Water

Predicting Source Water Quality Following Wildfires Using Hydrologic Modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Wampler ◽  
Kevin D. Bladon ◽  
Monireh Faramarzi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Year ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Forested Watersheds ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
The World

<p>Forested watersheds are critical sources of the majority of the world’s drinking water. Almost one-third of the world’s largest cities and two-thirds of cities in the United States (US) rely on forested watersheds for their water supply. These forested regions are vulnerable to the increasing incidence of large and severe wildfires due to increases in regional temperatures and greater accumulation of fuels. When wildfires occur, increases in suspended sediment and organic carbon can negatively affect aquatic ecosystem health and create many costly challenges to the drinking water treatment process. These effects are often largest in the first year following a wildfire. While past research has shown the likelihood of source water impacts from wildfire, the magnitude of effects remains uncertain in most regions. In our study, we will quantify the projected short-term effects of three large (>70,000 ha) wildfires on key water quality parameters (sediment and organic carbon) in two important forested source watersheds in the Cascade Range of Oregon, US. We calibrated and validated a modified Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate streamflow, sediment loads and transport, as well as in-stream organic carbon processes for a historical period prior to wildfire. The calibrated model parameters were then modified based on literature values and burn severity maps to represent post-fire conditions of the three large wildfires. The parameter adjustments for simulating wildfire will be validated with post-fire water quality field samples from the wildfires. We will present estimations of future water quality impacts in the burned watersheds under different precipitation conditions at a daily scale for the first year following the wildfires, which will provide testable hypotheses. Additionally, we will determine catchment characteristics most critical in determining the post-fire water quality response. This work will help predict the magnitude of effects from these historic wildfires, which can inform forest and drinking water management decision making.</p>

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