scholarly journals Implications of discontinuous IDF equations in generation of runoff hydrographs. Case study: IDF-Porto Alegre (8º DISME)

RBRH ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luiza Helfer ◽  
Fernando Dornelles ◽  
Joel Avruch Goldenfum
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
Runoff Hydrographs ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) equations establish the relationship between the intensity and the duration of an extreme precipitation associated to the probability of its occurrence. Some studies have fitted multiple IDF equations per rain gauge, valid for certain rain duration ranges. An example is the IDF equation for the 8th District of Meteorology of Porto Alegre rain gauge, established and published by the CPRM in the Pluviometric Atlas Project. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the implication of using this type of IDF equation, referred to as a “discontinuous IDF equation”, in the generation of runoff hydrographs, using the mentioned IDF as case study. The methodology consisted in comparing the peak flow and the runoff volume of hydrographs generated by the discontinuous IDF equation with the hydrographs obtained by using a single IDF equation. The runoff hydrographs were generated for hypothetical basins with the following characteristics: contribution areas of 5, 20 and 80 km2; CN of 70, 80 and 90; and time of concentration of 20, 40, 60, 100 and 200 minutes. A 24-hour rainfall event was considered with return period of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years. As results, it was observed that, in the case studied, the multiple IDF equation present a better fit to the observed rainfall data than the single IDF equation. However, the discontinuity at the transition point between the equations, depending on its magnitude, may present some influence on the peak flow and on the runoff volume due to occurrence of secondary peaks on the runoff hydrographs. Therefore, it is recommended that a maximum limit of discontinuity must be observed between the multiple equations in order to avoid the occurrence of secondary peaks in the runoff hydrographs.

scholarly journals Possibility of Using Selected Rainfall-Runoff Models for Determining the Design Hydrograph in Mountainous Catchments: A Case Study in Poland

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Młyński ◽  
Andrzej Wałęga ◽  
Leszek Książek ◽  
Jacek Florek ◽  
Andrea Petroselli
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Peak Flows ◽  
Mountainous Catchment ◽  
Mountainous Catchments ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Runoff Hydrographs

The aim of the study was to analyze the possibility of using selected rainfall-runoff models to determine the design hydrograph and the related peak flow in a mountainous catchment. The basis for the study was the observed series of hydrometeorological data for the Grajcarek catchment area (Poland) for the years 1981–2014. The analysis was carried out in the following stages: verification of hydrometeorological data; determination of the design rainfall; and determination of runoff hydrographs with the following rainfall-runoff models: Snyder, NRCS-UH, and EBA4SUB. The conducted research allowed the conclusion that the EBA4SUB model may be an alternative to other models in determining the design hydrograph in ungauged mountainous catchments. This is evidenced by the lower values of relative errors in the estimation of peak flows with an assumed frequency for the EBA4SUB model, as compared to Snyder and NRCS-UH.

scholarly journals Flexible and consistent quantile estimation for intensity–duration–frequency curves

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 6479-6494
Author(s):  
Felix S. Fauer ◽  
Jana Ulrich ◽  
Oscar E. Jurado ◽  
Henning W. Rust
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Skill Score ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Flexible Model

Abstract. Assessing the relationship between the intensity, duration, and frequency (IDF) of extreme precipitation is required for the design of water management systems. However, when modeling sub-daily precipitation extremes, there are commonly only short observation time series available. This problem can be overcome by applying the duration-dependent formulation of the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution which fits an IDF model with a range of durations simultaneously. The originally proposed duration-dependent GEV model exhibits a power-law-like behavior of the quantiles and takes care of a deviation from this scaling relation (curvature) for sub-hourly durations (Koutsoyiannis et al., 1998). We suggest that a more flexible model might be required to model a wide range of durations (1 min to 5 d). Therefore, we extend the model with the following two features: (i) different slopes for different quantiles (multiscaling) and (ii) the deviation from the power law for large durations (flattening), which is newly introduced in this study. Based on the quantile skill score, we investigate the performance of the resulting flexible model with respect to the benefit of the individual features (curvature, multiscaling, and flattening) with simulated and empirical data. We provide detailed information on the duration and probability ranges for which specific features or a systematic combination of features leads to improvements for stations in a case study area in the Wupper catchment (Germany). Our results show that allowing curvature or multiscaling improves the model only for very short or long durations, respectively, but leads to disadvantages in modeling the other duration ranges. In contrast, allowing flattening on average leads to an improvement for medium durations between 1 h and 1 d, without affecting other duration regimes. Overall, the new parametric form offers a flexible and enhanced performance model for consistently describing IDF relations over a wide range of durations, which has not been done before as most existing studies focus on durations longer than 1 h or day and do not address the deviation from the power law for very long durations (2–5 d).

scholarly journals  Assessing the relationship of slope and runoff volume on skid trails (Case study: Nav 3 district)

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Akbarimehr ◽  
R. Naghdi
Keyword(s):  
Slope Length ◽  
Water Diversions ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
Slope Steepness ◽  
The North ◽  
Longitudinal Slope ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

  The effect of slope on runoff volume was evaluated on skid trails in the natural forest in the north of Iran. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between runoff volume and slope in order to control runoff and skid trail maintenance by using water diversions. Two levels of slope > 20% and < 20% were studied in adjacent parcels in district 3 of Nav in Asalem. Treatment plots with three replications were established on skid trails after skidding and the runoff volume was recorded after duration of 3 rainfalls. The results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between slope steepness and runoff volume, and between runoff volume and slope length (P < 0.05). Also, regression analysis results showed that there was a linear relation between runoff volume, slope length and slope steepness. Effective recommendations to control and decrease runoff volume are precise scheduling of skid trail designing, construction, maintenance and limiting skid trails to a longitudinal slope of less than 20% and rehabilitation of skid trails by using water diversions.  

Kämpfe um Bergbau und die Möglichkeiten demokratischer Transformation

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (189) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Mining Project ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Relationship

The article explores the political effects of popular consultations as a means of direct democracy in struggles over mining. Building on concepts from participatory and materialist democracy theory, it shows the transformative potentials of processes of direct democracy towards democratization and emancipation under, and beyond, capitalist and liberal democratic conditions. Empirically the analysis is based on a case study on the protests against the La Colosa gold mining project in Colombia. The analysis reveals that although processes of direct democracy in conflicts over mining cannot transform existing class inequalities and social power relations fundamentally, they can nevertheless alter elements thereof. These are for example the relationship between local and national governments, changes of the political agenda of mining and the opening of new spaces for political participation, where previously there were none. It is here where it’s emancipatory potential can be found.

Interactive acculturation of Turkish-Belgian parents and children in Flanders: A case study of Beringen

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-428
Author(s):  
Özgün Ünver ◽  
Ides Nicaise
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Domain Specificity ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Town

This article tackles the relationship between Turkish-Belgian families with the Flemish society, within the specific context of their experiences with early childhood education and care (ECEC) system in Flanders. Our findings are based on a focus group with mothers in the town of Beringen. The intercultural dimension of the relationships between these families and ECEC services is discussed using the Interactive Acculturation Model (IAM). The acculturation patterns are discussed under three main headlines: language acquisition, social interaction and maternal employment. Within the context of IAM, our findings point to some degree of separationism of Turkish-Belgian families, while they perceive the Flemish majority to have an assimilationist attitude. This combination suggests a conflictual type of interaction. However, both parties also display some traits of integrationism, which points to the domain-specificity of interactive acculturation.

The Relationship between Working Environment and Internship Satisfaction Level: A Case Study Of A 4-Star Hotel Restaurant In Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-291
Author(s):  
Chatarina Natalia Putri
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
Supervisory Support ◽  
Support Organization ◽  
The Relationship

There are many factors that can lead to internship satisfaction. Working environment is one of the factors that will result to such outcome. However, many organizations discarded the fact of its importance. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a significant relationship between working environment and internship satisfaction level as well as to determine whether the dimensions of working environment significantly affect internship satisfaction. The said dimensions are, learning opportunities, supervisory support, career development opportunities, co-workers support, organization satisfaction, working hours and esteem needs. A total of 111 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents and were processed by SPSS program to obtain the result of this study. The results reveal that learning opportunities, career development opportunities, organization satisfaction and esteem needs are factors that contribute to internship satisfaction level. In the other hand, supervisory support, co-workers support and working hours are factors that lead to internship dissatisfaction. The result also shows that organization satisfaction is the strongest factor that affects internship satisfaction while co-workers support is the weakest.

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