scholarly journals Preferential Use of the Perchlorate over the Nitrate in the Respiratory Processes Mediated by the Bacterium Azospira sp. OGA 24

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2220
Author(s):  
Francesco Guarino ◽  
Oriana Motta ◽  
Mimmo Turano ◽  
Antonio Proto ◽  
Giovanni Vigliotta
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Nitrate Respiration ◽  
Chlorite Dismutase ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Nitrate Consumption ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Negative Effect

Here we report the results obtained for a strain isolated from a polluted site and classified as Azospira sp. OGA 24. The capability of OGA 24 to utilize perchlorate and nitrate and the regulation of pathways were investigated by growth kinetic studies and analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the genes of perchlorate reductase alpha subunit (pcrA), chlorite dismutase (cld), and periplasmic nitrate reductase large subunit (napA). In aerobic conditions and in a minimal medium containing 10 mM acetate as carbon source, 5.6 ± 0.34 mmol L−1 perchlorate or 9.7 ± 0.22 mmol L−1 nitrate were efficiently reduced during the growth with 10 mM of either perchlorate or nitrate. In anaerobiosis, napA was completely inhibited in the presence of perchlorate as the only electron acceptor, pcrA was barely detectable in nitrate-reducing conditions. The cell growth kinetics were in accordance with expression data, indicating a separation of nitrate and perchlorate respiration pathways. In the presence of both compounds, anaerobic nitrate consumption was reduced to 50% (4.9 ± 0.4 vs. 9.8 ± 0.15 mmol L−1 without perchlorate), while that of perchlorate was not affected (7.2 ± 0.5 vs. 6.9 ± 0.6 mmol L−1 without nitrate). Expression analysis confirmed the negative effect of perchlorate on nitrate respiration. Based on sequence analysis of the considered genes and 16S ribosomal gene (rDNA), the taxonomic position of Azospira sp. OGA 24 in the perchlorate respiring bacteria (PRB) group was further defined by classifying it in the oryzae species. The respiratory characteristics of OGA 24 strain make it very attractive in terms of potential applications in the bioremediation of environments exposed to perchlorate salts.

scholarly journals The crucial roles of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in the carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Fang ◽  
Yiqiu Hu ◽  
Jinhui Hu ◽  
Yanqin Huang ◽  
Shu Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Nuclear Export ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression

AbstractAs the predominant modification in RNA, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has attracted increasing attention in the past few years since it plays vital roles in many biological processes. This chemical modification is dynamic, reversible and regulated by several methyltransferases, demethylases and proteins that recognize m6A modification. M6A modification exists in messenger RNA and affects their splicing, nuclear export, stability, decay, and translation, thereby modulating gene expression. Besides, the existence of m6A in noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) could also directly or indirectly regulated gene expression. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer around the world and of high mortality. Increasing evidence have shown that the changes of m6A level and the dysregulation of m6A regulatory proteins have been implicated in CRC carcinogenesis and progression. However, the underlying regulation laws of m6A modification to CRC remain elusive and better understanding of these mechanisms will benefit the diagnosis and therapy. In the present review, the latest studies about the dysregulation of m6A and its regulators in CRC have been summarized. We will focus on the crucial roles of m6A modification in the carcinogenesis and development of CRC. Moreover, we will also discuss the potential applications of m6A modification in CRC diagnosis and therapeutics.

Adsorptive Removal of Cd(II) by a Novel Extracellular Biopolymer Produced by Pseudomonas alcaligenes: Equilibrium and Kinetics

2010 ◽  
Vol 171-172 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Zeng Quan Ji ◽  
Tian Hai Wang ◽  
Kai Hong Luo ◽  
Yao Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Equilibrium Studies ◽  
Kinetic Rates ◽  
Equilibrium And Kinetics ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Pseudomonas Alcaligenes

An extracellular biopolymer (PFC02) produced by Pseudomonas alcaligenes was used as an alternative biosorbent to remove toxic Cd(II) metallic ions from aqueous solutions. The effect of experimental parameters such as pH, Cd(II) initial concentration and contact time on the adsorption was studied. It was found that pH played a major role in the adsorption process, the optimum pH for the removal of Cd(II) was 6.0. The FTIR spectra showed carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups of the PFC02 were involved in chemical interaction with the Cd(II) ions. Equilibrium studies showed that Cd(II) adsorption data followed Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) for Cd(II) ions was estimated to be 93.55 mg/g. The kinetic studies showed that the kinetic rates were best fitted to the pseudo-second-order model. The study suggestted that the novel extracellular biopolymer biosorbent have potential applications for removing Cd(II) from wastewater.

An Overview of nano delivery systems for targeting RNA interference-based therapy in ulcerative colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Alfagih ◽  
Basmah Aldosari ◽  
Bushra AlQuadeib ◽  
Alanood Almurshedi ◽  
Murtaza Tambuwala
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Negative Effect

: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the main subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease. UC has a negative effect on patients’ quality of life, and it is an important risk factor for the development of colitis-associated cancer. Patients with UC need to take medications for their entire life because no permanent cure is available. Therefore, approaches that target messenger RNA (mRNA) of proinflammatory cytokines or anti-inflammatory cytokines are needed to improve the safety of UC therapy and promote intestinal mucosa recovery. The major challenge facing RNA interference-based therapy is the delivery of RNA molecules to the intracellular space of target cells. Moreover, nonspecific and systemic protein expression inhibition can result in adverse effects and less therapeutic benefits. Thus, it is important to develop an efficient delivery strategy targeting the cytoplasm of target cells to avoid side effects caused by off-target protein expression inhibition. This review focuses on the most recent advances in the targeted nano delivery systems of siRNAs and mRNA that have shown in vivo efficacy.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Naphthalene Degradation by Microbial Pure Cultures under Nitrate-Reducing Conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1595-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl J. Rockne ◽  
Joanne C. Chee-Sanford ◽  
Robert A. Sanford ◽  
Brian P. Hedlund ◽  
James T. Staley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Naphthalene Degradation ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Nitrate Consumption ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Pure Bacterial Cultures

ABSTRACT Pure bacterial cultures were isolated from a highly enriched denitrifying consortium previously shown to anaerobically biodegrade naphthalene. The isolates were screened for the ability to grow anaerobically in liquid culture with naphthalene as the sole source of carbon and energy in the presence of nitrate. Three naphthalene-degrading pure cultures were obtained, designated NAP-3-1, NAP-3-2, and NAP-4. Isolate NAP-3-1 tested positive for denitrification using a standard denitrification assay. Neither isolate NAP-3-2 nor isolate NAP-4 produced gas in the assay, but both consumed nitrate and NAP-4 produced significant amounts of nitrite. Isolates NAP-4 and NAP-3-1 transformed 70 to 90% of added naphthalene, and the transformation was nitrate dependent. No significant removal of naphthalene occurred under nitrate-limited conditions or in cell-free controls. Both cultures exhibited partial mineralization of naphthalene, representing 7 to 20% of the initial added14C-labeled naphthalene. After 57 days of incubation, the largest fraction of the radiolabel in both cultures was recovered in the cell mass (30 to 50%), with minor amounts recovered as unknown soluble metabolites. Nitrate consumption, along with the results from the 14C radiolabel study, are consistent with the oxidation of naphthalene coupled to denitrification for NAP-3-1 and nitrate reduction to nitrite for NAP-4. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequences of NAP-3-1 showed that it was closely related to Pseudomonas stutzeri and that NAP-4 was closely related to Vibrio pelagius. This is the first report we know of that demonstrates nitrate-dependent anaerobic degradation and mineralization of naphthalene by pure cultures.

scholarly journals Entamoeba histolyticaExpressing a Dominant Negative N-Truncated Light Subunit of Its Gal-Lectin Are Less Virulent

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4256-4265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uriel Katz ◽  
Serge Ankri ◽  
Tamara Stolarsky ◽  
Yael Nuchamowitz ◽  
David Mirelman
Keyword(s):  
Antisense Rna ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Dominant Negative Effect ◽  
Impaired Ability ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Terminal Amino ◽  
Heterodimeric Complex

The 260-kDa heterodimeric Gal/GalNAc-specific Lectin (Gal-lectin) of Entamoeba histolytica dissociates under reducing conditions into a heavy (hgl, 170 kDa) and a light subunit (lgl, 35 kDa). We have previously shown that inhibition of expression of the 35-kDa subunit by antisense RNA causes a decrease in virulence. To further understand the role of the light subunit of the Gal-lectin in pathogenesis, amoebae were transfected with plasmids encoding intact, mutated, and truncated forms of the light subunit lgl1 gene. A transfectant in which the 55 N-terminal amino acids of the lgl were removed, overproduced an N-truncated lgl protein (32 kDa), which replaced most of the native 35-kDa lgl in the formation of the Gal-lectin heterodimeric complex and exerted a dominant negative effect. Amoebae transfected with this construct showed a significant decrease in their ability to adhere to and kill mammalian cells as well as in their capacity to form rosettes with and to phagocytose erythrocytes. In addition, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy of this transfectant with anti–Gal-lectin antibodies showed an impaired ability to cap. These results indicate that the light subunit has a role in enabling the clustering of Gal-lectin complexes and that its N-truncation affects this function, which is required for virulence.

scholarly journals ZDHHC3 as a Risk and Mortality Marker for Breast Cancer in African American Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 117693511774664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Kinney ◽  
Robin T Varghese ◽  
Ramu Anandakrishnan ◽  
Harold R “Skip” Garner
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
White Women ◽  
African American Woman ◽  
Breast Cancer Mortality ◽  
American Woman ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
American Women

African American woman are 43% more likely to die from breast cancer than white women and have increased the risk of tumor recurrence despite lower incidence. We investigate variations in microsatellite genomic regions—a type of repetitive DNA—and possible links to the breast cancer mortality gap. We screen 33 854 microsatellites in germline DNA of African American women with and without breast cancer: 4 are statistically significant. These are located in the 3′ UTR (untranslated region) of gene ZDHHC3, an intron of transcribed pseudogene INTS4L1, an intron of ribosomal gene RNA5-8S5, and an intergenic region of chromosome 16. The marker in ZDHHC3 is interesting for 3 reasons: (a) the ZDHHC3 gene is located in region 3p21 which has already been linked to early invasive breast cancer, (b) the Kaplan-Meier estimator demonstrates that ZDHHC3 alterations are associated with poor breast cancer survival in all racial/ethnic groups combined, and (c) data from cBioPortal suggest that ZDHHC3 messenger RNA expression is significantly lower in African Americans compared with whites. These independent lines of evidence make ZDHHC3 a candidate for further investigation.

scholarly journals Characterization of a New L-Glutaminase Produced by Achromobacter xylosoxidans RSHG1, Isolated from an Expired Hydrolyzed L-Glutamine Sample

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1262
Author(s):  
Rabia Saleem ◽  
Safia Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Biochemical Testing ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Glutaminase Activity

As significant biocatalyst, L-glutaminases find potential applications in various fields, from nourishment to the pharmaceutical industry. Anticancer activity and flavor enhancement are the most promising applications of L-glutaminases. In this study, L-glutaminase was isolated and purified from an old glutamine sample. A selected bacterial isolate was characterized taxonomically by morphological characters, biochemical testing and 16S rDNA sequence homology testing. The taxonomical characterization of the isolate identified it as Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain RSHG1. The isolate showed maximum enzyme production at 30 °C, pH 9, with Sorbitol as a carbon source and L-Glutamine as a nitrogen and inducer source. L-Glutaminsae was purified by using column chromatography on a Sephadex G-75. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 40 KDa, pH optimal 7 and is stable in the pH range of 6–8. The optimum temperature for the catalyst was 40 °C and stable at 35–50 °C. The kinetic studies of the purified L-glutaminase exhibited Km and Vmax of 0.236 mM and 443.8 U/mg, respectively. L-Glutaminase activity was increased when incubated with 20 mM CaCl2, BaCl2, ZnSO4, KCl, MgSO4 and NaCl, whereas EDTA, CoCl2, HgCl, ZnSO4 and FeSO4 decreased the activity of the enzyme. The addition of 8% NaCl enhanced the glutaminase activity. L-Glutaminase immobilized on 3.6% agar was stable for up to 3 weeks.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic placement of Hanseniaspora–Kloeckera species using multigene sequence analysis with taxonomic implications: descriptions of Hanseniaspora pseudoguilliermondii sp. nov. and Hanseniaspora occidentalis var. citrica var. nov.

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1157-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neza Cadez ◽  
Peter Raspor ◽  
Maudy Th. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes

Two protein-coding genes, actin and translation elongation factor-1α (EF-1α), as well as two ribosomal gene regions, D1/D2 domains of the large subunit and both internal transcribed spacers including the 5.8S gene region, were evaluated regarding their usefulness for reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships in the Hanseniaspora–Kloeckera species group. This included analyses of sequence divergence values, heterogeneity of evolutionary rates and the reliability of the inferred trees. Both protein-coding genes showed greater capacities to resolve at the strain level and between the closely related species of Hanseniaspora–Kloeckera, compared with the ribosomal gene regions. However, to obtain a fully resolved and reliable phylogenetic tree that reflected the biological relationships it was necessary to combine three congruent sequence datasets. The novel species Hanseniaspora pseudoguilliermondii sp. nov. (type strain CBS 8772T) is described as a result of the application of various molecular approaches to delimit species. Furthermore, incongruent gene genealogies of genetically divergent strains of Hanseniaspora occidentalis, as determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis and DNA–DNA reassociation measurements, indicated the presence of two novel varieties, H. occidentalis var. occidentalis (type strain CBS 2592T) and H. occidentalis var. citrica var. nov. (type strain CBS 6783T), which could be distinguished by habitat preference.

scholarly journals Molecular Differentiation of SevenMalassezia Species

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1869-1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya K. Gupta ◽  
Yatika Kohli ◽  
Richard C. Summerbell
Keyword(s):  
Large Subunit ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Lipase Gene ◽  
Candida Cylindracea ◽  
Repeat Units ◽  
Dna Repeat

A system based on PCR and restriction endonuclease analysis was developed to distinguish the seven currently recognizedMalassezia species. Seventy-eight strains, including authentic culture collection strains and routine clinical isolates, were investigated for variation in the ribosomal DNA repeat units. Two genomic regions, namely, the large subunit of the ribosomal gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, were amplified by PCR, and products were digested with restriction endonucleases. The patterns generated were useful in identification of five out of sevenMalassezia species. M. sympodialis was readily distinguishable in that its ITS region yielded a 700-bp amplified fragment, whereas the other six species yielded an 800-bp fragment.M. globosa and M. restricta were very similar in the regions studied and could be distinguished only by performing a hot start-touchdown PCR on primers for the β-tubulin gene. Primers based on the conserved areas of the Candida cylindracealipase gene, which were used in an attempt to amplifyMalassezia lipases, yielded an amplification product after annealing at 55°C only with M. pachydermatis. This specific amplification may facilitate the rapid identification of this organism.

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