scholarly journals Simultaneous Stripping of Ammonia from Leachate: Experimental Insights and Key Microbial Players

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2494
Author(s):  
Łukasz Jurczyk ◽  
Justyna Koc-Jurczyk ◽  
Adam Masłoń
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Community Shift ◽  
Biological Removal ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Aeration System

Air stripping is commonly used to remove the ammonia in multistage treatment systems for municipal landfill leachate (LFL). This paper proposes a novel approach combining the process of stripping with biological removal of ammonia, based on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) in a single hybrid sequencing batch reactor (HSBR). To avoid the accumulation of free ammonia (N-FAN), the shallow aeration system was used for the treatment of raw LFL with N-TAN level of 1520 mg/L and pH 9.24. The mean N-FAN removal efficiency of 69% with the reaction rate of 55 mg L−1 h−1 and mean ammonium (N-NH4+) removal efficiency of 84% with the reaction rate of 44 mg L−1 h−1 were achieved within a month in such an HSBR (R1). The comparative HSBR (R2), with conventional aeration system maintaining the same concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO ≤ 1 mg/L), was removing only trace amounts of N-FAN and 48% of N-NH4+. The quantitative analysis of 16S rRNA genes indicated that the number of total bacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria increased during the operation of both HSBRs, but was always higher in R1. Moreover, the bacterial community shift was observed since the beginning of the experiment; the relative abundance of Firmicutes, and Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria increased by 5.01, 3.25 and 9.67% respectively, whilst the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria decreased by 15.59 and 0.95%. All of the surveyed bacteria groups, except Gammaproteobacteria, correlated significantly negatively (p < 0.001) with the concentrations of N-NH4+ in the outflows from R1. The results allow us to suppose that simultaneous stripping and SND in a single reactor could be a promising, cost-effective and easy-to-operate solution for LFL treatment.

scholarly journals Bacterial Diversity and Function of Aerobic Granules Engineered in a Sequencing Batch Reactor for Phenol Degradation

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 6767-6775 ◽  
Author(s):  
He-Long Jiang ◽  
Joo-Hwa Tay ◽  
Abdul Majid Maszenan ◽  
Stephen Tiong-Lee Tay
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Aerobic Granules ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT Aerobic granules are self-immobilized aggregates of microorganisms and represent a relatively new form of cell immobilization developed for biological wastewater treatment. In this study, both culture-based and culture-independent techniques were used to investigate the bacterial diversity and function in aerobic phenol- degrading granules cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes demonstrated a major shift in the microbial community as the seed sludge developed into granules. Culture isolation and DGGE assays confirmed the dominance of β-Proteobacteria and high-G+C gram-positive bacteria in the phenol-degrading aerobic granules. Of the 10 phenol-degrading bacterial strains isolated from the granules, strains PG-01, PG-02, and PG-08 possessed 16S rRNA gene sequences that matched the partial sequences of dominant bands in the DGGE fingerprint belonging to the aerobic granules. The numerical dominance of strain PG-01 was confirmed by isolation, DGGE, and in situ hybridization with a strain-specific probe, and key physiological traits possessed by PG-01 that allowed it to outcompete and dominate other microorganisms within the granules were then identified. This strain could be regarded as a functionally dominant strain and may have contributed significantly to phenol degradation in the granules. On the other hand, strain PG-08 had low specific growth rate and low phenol degradation ability but showed a high propensity to autoaggregate. By analyzing the roles played by these two isolates within the aerobic granules, a functional model of the microbial community within the aerobic granules was proposed. This model has important implications for rationalizing the engineering of ecological systems.

Studies on Anoxic Aerobic Alternate Frequency of Oxidation Ditch for Removing Nitrogen and Phosphorus

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1573-1578
Author(s):  
Yu Hong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Oxidation Ditch ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Species ◽  
Biological Removal

Biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus species from an artificial wastewater was investigated in a sequencing batch reactor ( SBR) by changing operating mode which simulation oxidation ditch aeration realization of point and achieved alternate anoxic/aerobic, The results show that: the total control for 6 h reaction time, including aeration 3 h, stop aeration 3 h, four conditions under the condition of 30 min, 10 min, 5 min, 3 min anoxic/ aerobic alternate of COD, ammonia nitrogen removal not too big effect, TN, TP influence is bigger. COD removal efficiency is above 89% for four modes and effluent COD is lower than 35mg/L.Ammonia nitrogen average removal efficiency is above 90% for four modes and effluent ammonia is less than 5mg/L.Total nitrogen removal rates was 68.71%, 67.70%, 60.36%, 37.27% respectively for four modes. In instantaneous influent, anoxic and aerobic alternating time should not be less than 5min for TN removal. Mode Ⅰto Ⅳ removal efficiency of TP was 23.05%, -2.17%, 1.19%, 43.61% respectively.

Bacterial amoA and 16S rRNA Genes Expression in Activated Sludge During Aeration Phase in Sequencing Batch Reactor

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska ◽  
Sławomir Ciesielski ◽  
Irena Wojnowska-Baryła
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Genes Expression

scholarly journals Removal of biological organics in high-salinity wastewater produced from methylcellulose production and subsequent changes in the microbial community

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 200187-0
Author(s):  
GueSoo Jo ◽  
SeongWan Hong ◽  
HyunGu Kim ◽  
Zhuliping ◽  
DaeHee Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Community Change ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Biological Removal

The wastewater generated in methylcellulose (MC) production is characterized by high salinity and pH due to the residual sodium and chlorine separated from the methyl group. It is difficult to treat wastewater using the conventional activated sludge method because the high concentration of salt interferes with the microbial activity. This study confirms the biological removal of organic matter from MC wastewater using sludge dominated by Halomonas spp., a halophilic microorganism. The influent was mixed with MC wastewater and epichlorohydrin (ECH) wastewater in a 1:9 ratio and operated using a sequencing batch reactor with a hydraulic retention time of 27.8 d based on the MC wastewater. The removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) increased from 80.4% to 93.5%, and removal efficiency had improved by adding nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus to the wastewater. In terms of microbial community change, Halomonas spp. decreased from 43.26% to 0.11%, whereas Marinobacter spp. and Methylophaga spp. increased from 0.50% to 15.12% and 7.51%, respectively.

scholarly journals Species boundaries and molecular markers for the classification of 16SrI phytoplasmas inferred by genome analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Ting Cho ◽  
Hung-Jui Kung ◽  
Weijie Huang ◽  
Saskia A. Hogenhout ◽  
Chih-Horng Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Critical Examination

AbstractPhytoplasmas are plant-pathogenic bacteria that impact agriculture worldwide. The commonly adopted classification system for phytoplasmas is based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of their 16S rRNA genes. With the increased availability of phytoplasma genome sequences, the classification system can now be refined. This work examined 11 strains in the 16SrI group within the genus ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ and investigated the possible species boundaries. We confirmed that the RFLP classification method is problematic due to intragenomic variation of the 16S rRNA genes and uneven weighing of different nucleotide positions. Importantly, our results based on the molecular phylogeny, differentiations in chromosomal segments and gene content, and divergence in homologous sequences, all supported that these strains may be classified into multiple operational taxonomic units (OTUs) equivalent to species. Strains assigned to the same OTU share >97% genome-wide average nucleotide identity (ANI) and >78% of their protein-coding genes. In comparison, strains assigned to different OTUs share <94% ANI and <75% of their genes. Reduction in homologous recombination between OTUs is one possible explanation for the discontinuity in genome similarities, and these findings supported the proposal that 95% ANI could serve as a cutoff for distinguishing species in bacteria. Additionally, critical examination of these results and the raw sequencing reads led to the identification of one genome that was presumably mis-assembled by combining two sequencing libraries built from phytoplasmas belonging to different OTUs. This finding provided a cautionary tale for working on uncultivated bacteria. Based on the new understanding of phytoplasma divergence and the current genome availability, we developed five molecular markers that could be used for multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). By selecting markers that are short yet highly informative, and are distributed evenly across the chromosome, these markers provided a cost-effective system that is robust against recombination. Finally, examination of the effector gene distribution further confirmed the rapid gains and losses of these genes, as well as the involvement of potential mobile units (PMUs) in their molecular evolution. Future improvements on the taxon sampling of phytoplasma genomes will allow further expansions of similar analysis, and thus contribute to phytoplasma taxonomy and diagnostics.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Oligonucleotide Primer Extension as a Time- and Cost-Effective Approach for Quantitative Determination of Bifidobacterium spp. in Infant Feces

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 2573-2576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Ying Hong ◽  
Gaik Chin Yap ◽  
Bee Wah Lee ◽  
Kaw Yan Chua ◽  
Wen-Tso Liu
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Primer Extension ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Oligonucleotide Primer ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Relative Abundances

ABSTRACT The Bifidobacterium spp. present in 10 infant fecal samples (4 from infants with eczema and 6 from healthy infants) were quantified with both hierarchical oligonucleotide primer extension (HOPE) and fluorescence in situ hybridization-flow cytometry. The relative abundances of Bifidobacterium longum and B. catenulatum with respect to the total bifidobacteria had a poor correlation (ρ, <0.600; P value, >0.208), presumably due to differences in primer specificity and the level of hybridization stringency of both methods. In contrast, the relative abundances of organisms of the genus Bifidobacterium against the total amplified 16S rRNA genes and those of B. adolescentis, B. bifidum, and B. breve against the genus Bifidobacterium exhibited a good statistical correlation (ρ, >0.783; P value, <0.066). This good comparability supports HOPE as a method to achieve high-throughput quantitative determination of bacterial targets in a time- and cost-effective manner.

Differentiation Of Clarias Batrachus, C. Gariepinus And Heteropneustes Fossilis By Pcr-Sequencing Of Mitochondrial 16s Rrna Gene

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shamimul Alam ◽  
Hawa Jahan ◽  
Rowshan Ara Begum ◽  
Reza M Shahjahan
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Fish Larva ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Alternative Means

Heteropneustesfossilis, Clariasbatrachus and C. gariepinus are three major catfishes ofecological and economic importance. Identification of these fish species becomes aproblem when the usual external morphological features of the fish are lost or removed,such as in canned fish. Also, newly hatched fish larva is often difficult to identify. PCRsequencingprovides accurate alternative means of identification of individuals at specieslevel. So, 16S rRNA genes of three locally collected catfishes were sequenced after PCRamplification and compared with the same gene sequences available from othergeographical regions. Multiple sequence alignment of the 16S rRNA gene fragments ofthe catfish species has revealed polymorphic sites which can be used to differentiate thesethree species from one another and will provide valuable insight in choosing appropriaterestriction enzymes for PCR-RFLP based identification in future. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 41(1): 51-58, June 2015

Urban pollution control strategy: SBR technology to treat agricultural waste from pig farm in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Lindawati Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Number Of Customers

Reduction of food rations and shortages is one of the impacts of the increasing human population. Food sector industries then try to cope with the fast growing number of customers. Agribusiness sector gains its popularity in these recent years, including pig farm. The increase trend of animal farming industry is likely to bring increasing pollution problem unless effective treatment methods are used. The main problems related to the pig farm include odor nuisance and pig manure disposal. The existing land application of piggery wastewater is the traditional way to discharge the wastewater. This may yield in land and water contamination, due to the accumulation of unused nutrients by crop plant. A case study of a large commercial pig farm from Australia is proposed to apply in smaller scale in Indonesia. Operational strategies for the small-scale SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) treating piggery effluent were developed based on lab-scale experiments. Due to SBR characteristics, which are money-saving and space-saving, it is very suitable to be applied in urban area. An economic evaluation was made of various process options. The cost estimation showed that SBR is a cost effective process, allowing operational batches to be adjusted to reduce unnecessary aeration cost. A reduction in the aeration cost was achieved by shortening the batch time from 24-h to 8-h. A comparison of three different SBR options showed that smaller size reactors could be more flexible and cost effective when compared with the larger ones.

Uncertainty in air stripping tower design: implications of the air-to-water ratio

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
B.I. Dvorak ◽  
J.W. Schauble
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Air Stripping ◽  
Henry's Constant ◽  
True Value ◽  
Risk Of Failure ◽  
Process Failure ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Water Ratio

Environmental engineers are frequently faced with uncertainty in making design decisions because the true value of many process parameters is unknown. In this study, the design of countercurrent air stripping towers was modeled using fuzzy numbers, taking into account uncertainties in mass transfer and Henry's constant. It was found that, in addition to cost, the risk of failure is an important design consideration for stripping tower design. A significant over-design is both cost-effective and results in less risk of design failure. The air-to-water ratio that yielded the least risk of failure switched from low to high as the removal efficiency of the tower increased. An important result is that at lower removal efficiencies, tower design and operation is most sensitive to uncertainties in mass transfer and at higher removal efficiencies, tower design and operation is most sensitive to uncertainties in Henry's constant . The implication is that low air-to-water ratios are best when the regulatory target removal efficiency is low and/or when the uncertainty in the value of the contaminant's Henry's constant is larger than the uncertainty in the mass transfer coefficient value. Otherwise a high air-to-water ratio results in the least risk of process failure.

The Biological Removal of Phosphorus in a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) – Practical Considerations and Research Observations

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 311-312
Author(s):  
J. F. Manning ◽  
R. L. Irvine ◽  
E. F. Barth ◽  
S. C. Chiesa
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Biological Removal
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