scholarly journals Aquatic Biota Is Not Exempt from Coronavirus Infections: An Overview

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2215
Author(s):  
Gabriel Núñez-Nogueira ◽  
Jesús Alberto Valentino-Álvarez ◽  
Andrés Arturo Granados-Berber ◽  
Eduardo Ramírez-Ayala ◽  
Francisco Alberto Zepeda-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Human Health Effects

Coronaviruses are pathogens recognized for having an animal origin, commonly associated with terrestrial environments. However, in a few cases, there are reports of their presence in aquatic organisms like fish, frogs, waterfowl, and marine mammals. None of these cases has led to human health effects when contact with these infected organisms has taken place, whether they were alive or dead. Aquatic birds seem to be the main group carrying and circulating these types of viruses among healthy bird populations. Although the route of infection for COVID-19 by water or aquatic organisms has not yet been observed in the wild, the relevance of its study is highlighted because there are cases of other viral infections known to have been transferred to humans by aquatic biota. It is encouraging to know that aquatic species, such as fish, marine mammals, and amphibians, show very few coronavirus cases. Some other aquatic animals may also be a possible source of cure or treatment against, as some evidence with algae and aquatic invertebrates suggest.

scholarly journals Aquatic Biota is Not Exempt from Coronavirus Infections: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Núñez-Nogueira ◽  
Andres Arturo Granados-Berber
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Human Health Effects

Coronaviruses are pathogens recognized for having an animal origin, commonly associated with terrestrial environments. However, although in a few cases, there are reports of their presence in aquatic organisms like fish, frogs, waterfowls and marine mammals. None of these cases has led to human health effects when contact with these infected organisms has taken place, whether they are alive or dead. Aquatic birds seem to be the main group carrying and circulating these types of viruses among healthy bird populations. Although the route of infection for CoVID-19 by water or aquatic organisms has not yet been observed in the wild, the relevance of its study is highlighted because there are cases of other viral infections known to have been transferred to humans by aquatic biota. It is encouraging to know that aquatic species, such as fish, marine mammals, and amphibians, shows very few cases of coronaviruses and that some other aquatic animals may also be a possible source of cure or treatment against then, as some evidence with algae and marine sponges suggest.

scholarly journals Aquatic Biota is Not Exempt from Coronavirus Infections: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
GABRIEL NÚÑEZ-NOGUEIRA ◽  
Andres Arturo Granados-Berber
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Human Health Effects

Coronaviruses are pathogens recognized for having an animal origin and commonly associated with terrestrial environments. However, although in few cases, there are reports of their presence in aquatic organisms like fish, crustaceans, waterfowls and marine mammals. None of these cases have even led to human health effects, when contact with these infected organisms, whether they are alive or dead. Aquatic birds seem to be the main group in carrying and circulating these types of viruses in healthy bird populations and play an important role in these environments. Although the route of infection for CoVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) by water or aquatic organisms, has not yet been observed in the wild, the relevance of its study is highlighted , because there are cases of other viral infections (no coronavirus), which are known to have been transferred to the human by aquatic biota. What is even better, it becomes encouraging to know that aquatic species shows very few cases in fishes, marine mammals, and crustaceans, and some other aquatic animals may also be a possible source of cure or treatment against coronaviruses, as some evidence with algae and marine sponges suggests.

The Ecology of the Western Swamp Tortoise Pseudemydura Umbrina (Testudines: Chelidae).

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Burbidge
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Restricted Range ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Desiccation Rate ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Growth Activity

Western swamp tortoise (Pseudemydura umbrina) was rediscovered in Western Australia in 1954. It is a relict species of a monotypic genus, of very restricted range and specialized habitat. Population was estimated to be 13 to 45 and decreasing at 1 of its 2 native reserves and to be 10 to 45 and static at the other reserve. It does not use permanent water, but lives and feeds in ephemeral winter swamps and spends the other 6 to 9 months of the year in refuges in leaf litter, under fallen branches or in holes in the ground, in contact with the soil. The tortoise is carnivorous and in the wild takes only live aquatic organisms. Captive adults will not take meat until they have starved for many months. Stomach of 1 female (Edward, pers. commun.) had aquatic crustaceans, chiefly Eulimnadia sp., with insects and insect larvae, mainly Coleoptera and Diptera. Study of faeces confirmed that observation had shown that small tadpoles and an aquatic earthworm (Eodrilus cornigravei) were eaten also. Reproduction, growth, activity relative to body and water temperature, and desiccation rate, were noted. One adult female tortoise was eaten by a fox. Foxes and bandicoots (Isoodon obesulus) eat eggs of other tortoises and would eat those of P. umbrina. Hatchlings may be eaten by large wading birds such as straw-necked ibis (Threskiornis spinicollis) and white-faced heron (Notophoyx novaehollandiae).

Chromium in the Canadian environment

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome O. Nriagu ◽  
Abdul Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Chromium Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Threshold ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
Human Health Effects

The widening use of chromium and its compounds by local industries has led to a growing concern about the effects of chromium contamination on the Canadian environment. This report summarizes the data on Canadian sources and the concentrations of chromium in air, water, sediments, soil, terrestrial wildlife and aquatic biota. It reviews what little is currently known about the cycling of chromium in Canadian ecoystems, and the need for measuring Cr(III) and Cr(VI) rather than total Cr in the environmental media is emphasized. The potential effects of elevated levels of chromium on plants, soil microorganisms, wildlife, and aquatic biota are discussed. The human health effects are not covered. The conclusion is reached that chromium pollution has become a threat to Canadian ecosystems, especially at the local scale where the ambient chromium concentrations in some surface waters, sediments, and soils are now close to or above the toxicity threshold for a number of the more sensistive organisms.Key words: chromium pollution, chromium toxicity, chromium chemistry, chromium emission, bioaccumulation of chromium.

scholarly journals The role of riverine forests for food supply for the omnivorous fish Brycon opalinus Cuvier, 1819 (Characidae) in the Serra do Mar, Southeast Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
LM. Gomiero ◽  
AG. Manzatto ◽  
FMS. Braga
Keyword(s):  
Animal Origin ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Trophic Relations ◽  
Serra Do Mar ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Southeast Brazil ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Intestinal Length ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Three Rivers

The purpose of this study was to characterize the diet of the fish Brycon opalinus (Characidae) seasonally and locally, allowing for the determination of its food items and trophic relations with the aquatic and terrestrial environments. The study area encompasses three rivers (Paraibuna, Ipiranga and Grande) in the basin of the Paraibuna, southeast Brazil. Twelve monthly collections were made from January to December 2004. The degree of stomachic repletion and of accumulated visceral fat was analyzed, as was the intestinal length in each class of total length. The frequency of occurrence and the degree of food preference (DFP) of the food items of Brycon opalinus were determined by separating the vegetal and animal items, autochthonous and allochthonous, by insect order and vegetal family consumed. The frequency of occurrence of items of animal origin was found to be equivalent to that of vegetal origin, thus characterizing the omnivorism of Brycon opalinus feeding.

Natriuretic peptides in hormonal regulation of hypoxia responses

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. R257-R264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli Arjamaa ◽  
Mikko Nikinmaa
Keyword(s):  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
The Relationship

The possibility that natriuretic peptides' effects are important in hypoxia responses of vertebrates is reviewed. Both the transcription and release of natriuretic peptides are affected by oxygen tension. Furthermore, many of the effects observed in hypoxia, such as diuresis and a reduction of plasma volume, are also caused by treatment of the animal with natriuretic peptides. Also, several clinical observations about changes in natriuretic peptide levels in, e.g., sleep apnea and cyanotic congenital heart disease, are consistent with the idea that hypoxia is involved in the etiology of conditions, in which natriuretic peptide levels increase. Virtually all published information on the relationship between oxygen and natriuretic peptides is based on human studies. Because hypoxic conditions are more common in aquatic than terrestrial environments, future studies about the possible role of natriuretic peptides in hypoxia, as well as the role of hypoxia in the evolution of natriuretic peptides, including the different subtypes, should increasingly involve also aquatic organisms.

Comparative Effects of Diquat plus Copper Sulfate on Aquatic Organisms

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. May ◽  
R. S. Hestand ◽  
J. M. Van Dyke
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Habitat Changes ◽  
Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Effects of herbicide combinations on aquatic invertebrates were evaluated in Inglis Reservoir, which is located in west coastal Florida. The addition of 6,7-dihydrodipyrido [1,2-a: 2′1′-c]pyrazinediium ion (diquat) plus the triethanolamine complex of copper sulfate (TAC) and diquat plus copper sulfate pentahydrate (CSP) for control of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata Casp.) decreased the number of invertebrates inhabiting the treated areas. The diquat plus CSP combination exerted the greatest effect upon invertebrate numbers. Both herbicide combinations, however, did alter significantly the number of taxonomic groups in the areas. Invertebrate declines were due more generally to resultant habitat changes (i.e., loss of hydrilla) than to direct herbicide toxicity. The response of fish to the effects of the herbicide treatments on invertebrates could be ascribed to dietary changes, decreased growth rates, and possible mortality.

scholarly journals Ecological Risks Due to Immunotoxicological Effects on Aquatic Organisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8305
Author(s):  
Chisato Kataoka ◽  
Shosaku Kashiwada
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessment ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutants ◽  
Tissue Changes

The immunotoxic effects of some anthropogenic pollutants on aquatic organisms are among the causes of concern over the presence of these pollutants in the marine environment. The immune system is part of an organism’s biological defense necessarily for homeostasis. Thus, the immunotoxicological impacts on aquatic organisms are important to understand the effects of pollutant chemicals in the aquatic ecosystem. When aquatic organisms are exposed to pollutant chemicals with immunotoxicity, it results in poor health. In addition, aquatic organisms are exposed to pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Exposure to pollutant chemicals has reportedly caused aquatic organisms to show various immunotoxic symptoms such as histological changes of lymphoid tissue, changes of immune functionality and the distribution of immune cells, and changes in the resistance of organisms to infection by pathogens. Alterations of immune systems by contaminants can therefore lead to the deaths of individual organisms, increase the general risk of infections by pathogens, and probably decrease the populations of some species. This review introduced the immunotoxicological impact of pollutant chemicals in aquatic organisms, including invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and marine mammals; described typical biomarkers used in aquatic immunotoxicological studies; and then, discussed the current issues on ecological risk assessment and how to address ecological risk assessment through immunotoxicology. Moreover, the usefulness of the population growth rate to estimate the immunotoxicological impact of pollution chemicals was proposed.

scholarly journals Does the aquatic invertebrate nipple array prevent bubble adhesion? An experiment using nanopillar sheets

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 20130552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euichi Hirose ◽  
Hiroyuki Mayama ◽  
Akihiro Miyauchi
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Adhesion Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surface Versus ◽  
Hydrophilic Surfaces ◽  
Flow Occlusion

The nipple array is a submicrometre-scale structure found on the cuticle surfaces of various invertebrate taxa. Corneal nipples are an antiglare surface in nocturnal insects, but the functional significance of the nipple array has not been experimentally investigated for aquatic organisms. Using nanopillar sheets as a mimetic model of the nipple array, we demonstrated that significantly fewer bubbles adhered to the nanopillar surface versus a flat surface when the sheets were hydrophilic. Many more bubbles adhered to the hydrophobic surface than the hydrophilic surfaces. Bubbles on the body surface may cause buoyancy problems, movement interference and water flow occlusion. Here, bubble repellence is proposed as a function of the hydrophilic nipple array in aquatic invertebrates and its properties are considered based on bubble adhesion energy.

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