scholarly journals Multi-Actor Platforms in the Water–Agriculture Nexus: Synergies and Long-Term Meaningful Engagement

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3204
Author(s):  
Ingrid Nesheim ◽  
Frode Sundnes ◽  
Caroline Enge ◽  
Morten Graversgaard ◽  
Cors van den Brink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Meaningful Engagement ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Perceived Pressure

Solutions to current complex environmental challenges demand the consultation and involvement of various groups in society. In light of the WFD’s requirements of public participation, this paper presents an analysis of the establishment and development of nine different multi-actor platforms (MAPs) across Europe set up as arenas for long-term engagements to solve water quality challenges in relation to agriculture. The MAPs represent different histories and legacies of engagement; some are recent initiatives and some are affiliated with previous government-initiated projects, while other MAPs are long-term engagement platforms. A case study approach drawing on insights from the nine engagement processes is used to discuss conditions for enabling long-term multi-actor engagement. The perceived pressure for change and preferred prioritization in complying with mitigating water quality problems vary within and among the MAPs. The results show that governmental and local actors’ concern for water quality improvements and focusing on pressure for change are important for establishing meaningful multi-actor engagement when concerns translate into a clear mandate of the MAP. Furthermore, the degree to which the MAPs have been able to establish relationships and networks with other institutions such as water companies, agricultural and environmental authorities, farmers, and civil society organizations influences possibilities for long-term meaningful engagement.

Calcium declines in northeastern Ontario lakes

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 2011-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Keller ◽  
S S Dixit ◽  
J Heneberry
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Sulphur Deposition ◽  
Lakewater Chemistry

Thousands of lakes in northeastern Ontario, Canada, have been acidified by sulphur deposition associated with emissions from the Sudbury area metal smelters. However, water quality improvements including increased pH and reduced sulphate concentrations have followed large reductions in Sudbury emissions that were implemented, beginning in the 1970s. Substantial decreases in Ca concentrations accompanied these other changes in lakewater chemistry. Monitoring of 38 lakes 20–128 km from Sudbury showed declines in Ca concentrations, averaging 2.7 µeq·L–1·year–1, over the period 1981–1999. Declines were particularly apparent during the 1990s, averaging 3.8 µeq·L–1·year–1. Paleolimnological reconstructions of the long-term Ca patterns in six lakes suggest that general lakewater Ca declines occurred through much of the 20th century. Comparison of recent measured Ca concentrations in 16 lakes with diatom-inferred pre-industrial Ca concentrations indicates that overall decreases in Ca have been large, averaging 74.6 µeq·L–1 or 46%. Long-term Ca patterns may reflect a combination of factors including climatic changes, forest harvesting activities, and leaching by acid deposition, the effects of which we can not separate. Calcium declines have biological implications that will need to be considered in the development of appropriate targets as these lakes continue to recover from acidification.

scholarly journals Water Quality Improvement Shifts the Dominant Phytoplankton Group From Cryptophytes to Diatoms in a Coastal Ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonja Kang ◽  
Chang-Ho Moon ◽  
Hyun-Jung Kim ◽  
Yang Ho Yoon ◽  
Chang-Keun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Phytoplankton Group

We investigated long-term variations in the dominant phytoplankton groups with improvements in water quality over 11 years in the Yeongil Bay on the southeastern coast of Korea. River discharge declined during the study period but TN from river discharge remained stable, indicating the input of enriched nutrients to the bay was fairly consistent. NH4+ levels decreased with a decrease in TN from the POSCO industrial complex. While the study region was characterized by the P-limited and deficient environment, cryptophytes dominated with the intensified P-limitations. The relative abundance of cryptophytes declined from 70% in 2010 to 10% in 2016, but that of diatoms increased from 70% in 2009 to 90% in 2016. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation of cryptophytes with NH4+ and a negative correlation with photic depth. Generalized additive models also exhibited an increase in diatom dominance and a decrease in cryptophyte dominance with an increase in water quality, indicating that a decrease in NH4+ and increase in light favored the diatom growth but suppressed the cryptophyte growth. Thus, water quality improvements shift the dominant group in the coastal ecological niche from cryptophytes to diatoms.

scholarly journals Inequality in India: Through the Lens of Differences in Water Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Gaur ◽  
Ms. Kah Ying Choo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Water Filters

India is ranked as the worst country in the world, in terms of number of people lacking access to safe water. This study examines  the socio-economic inequity of India through the lens of privileged Indian respondents’ perceptions of the water quality accessible to communities of different socio-economic status. To address this aim, a survey was conducted to measure the level of social awareness around this issue among privileged Indian respondents with regards to their ratings of the safety of the water in three different communities: their own, the underprivileged, and India as a whole.   Respondents rated their water quality to be the highest, followed by India as a whole, and then the underprivileged. The main reasons they offered for their ratings were: the government’s failure to set up an adequate infrastructure for piping water without polluting it and the inability of the underprivileged to afford water filters in India. Despite the gravity of the health problems that can ensue from the lack of access to safe water, the lack of accountability for the government, and apathy from the privileged residents, can be attributed to the deeply entrenched discrimination in India, which is founded upon its caste tradition and its pursuit  of the capitalist agenda in the ‘90s. Therefore, it is vital that the Indian government and people take responsibility for providing safe water to all by: increasing awareness amongst all communities;  provision of water filters for all, and the eventual changing of the piping system in the long term.

Caregivers' Perceptions of Speech-Language Pathologist Talk About Child Language and Literacy Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2049-2067
Author(s):  
Karmen L. Porter ◽  
Janna B. Oetting ◽  
Loretta Pecchioni
Keyword(s):  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Collective Case Study ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Therapy Goals ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Types Of Information

Purpose This study examined caregiver perceptions of their child's language and literacy disorder as influenced by communications with their speech-language pathologist. Method The participants were 12 caregivers of 10 school-aged children with language and literacy disorders. Employing qualitative methods, a collective case study approach was utilized in which the caregiver(s) of each child represented one case. The data came from semistructured interviews, codes emerged directly from the caregivers' responses during the interviews, and multiple coding passes using ATLAS.ti software were made until themes were evident. These themes were then further validated by conducting clinical file reviews and follow-up interviews with the caregivers. Results Caregivers' comments focused on the types of information received or not received, as well as the clarity of the information. This included information regarding their child's diagnosis, the long-term consequences of their child's disorder, and the connection between language and reading. Although caregivers were adept at describing their child's difficulties and therapy goals/objectives, their comments indicated that they struggled to understand their child's disorder in a way that was meaningful to them and their child. Conclusions The findings showed the value caregivers place on receiving clear and timely diagnostic information, as well as the complexity associated with caregivers' understanding of language and literacy disorders. The findings are discussed in terms of changes that could be made in clinical practice to better support children with language and literacy disorders and their families.

EVALUASI KUALITAS PERAIRAN DALAM PEMBENIHAN IKAN KERAPU TIKUS (Cromileptis altivelis) Di HATCHERY PERAIRAN TANJUNG RIAU BATAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratu Siti Aliah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Brood Stock ◽  
Water Storage Tank ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Normal Status ◽  
Tank Water ◽  
Quality Status

An evaluation of the water quality at the hatchery of Tanjung Riau was conducted to understand the water quality status at the several place of the hatchery unit such as brood stock tanks, larva rearing tank, water storage tank, fi ngerling tank as well as the source of the water supply. The water quality status of Tanjung Riau generally is in a good condition to support the hatchery activities, but for turbidity and salinity were in the exceed and below the normal status and its infl uence on the spawning activity. To overcome the problem on the spawning of the brood stock, the improving of water supply with higher salinity and low turbidity should be set up to ensure the succeeded of the spawning.Key words : Water quality, grouper brood stock, hatchery,Tanjung Riau Batam

Modelling the Effects of Acid Deposition: Estimation of Long-Term Water Quality Responses in Forested Catchments in Finland

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lepistö ◽  
P. G. Whitehead ◽  
C. Neal ◽  
B. J. Cosby
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Co2 Solubility ◽  
Forested Catchments ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Magic Model

A modelling study has been undertaken to investigate long-term changes in surface water quality in two contrasting forested catchments; Yli-Knuutila, with high concentrations of base cations and sulphate, in southern Finland; and organically rich, acid Liuhapuro in eastern Finland. The MAGIC model is based on the assumption that certain chemical processes (anion retention, cation exchange, primary mineral weathering, aluminium dissolution and CO2 solubility) in catchment soils are likely keys to the responses of surface water quality to acidic deposition. The model was applied for the first time to an organically rich catchment with high quantities of humic substances. The historical reconstruction of water quality at Yli-Knuutila indicates that the catchment surface waters have lost about 90 μeq l−1 of alkalinity in 140 years, which is about 60% of their preacidification alkalinity. The model reproduces the declining pH levels of recent decades as indicated by paleoecological analysis. Stream acidity trends are investigated assuming two scenarios for future deposition. Assuming deposition rates are maintained in the future at 1984 levels, the model indicates that stream pH is likely to continue to decline below presently measured levels. A 50% reduction in deposition rates would likely result in an increase in pH and alkalinity of the stream, although not to estimated preacidification levels. Because of the high load of organic acids to the Liuhapuro stream it has been acid before atmospheric pollution; a decline of 0.2 pH-units was estimated with increasing leaching of base cations from the soil despite the partial pH buffering of the system by organic compounds.

Long Term Monitoring of the Macrobenthos of the Upper Clyde Estuary

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (5-7) ◽  
pp. 359-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne R Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Pollution Loading ◽  
Faunal Density ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

The sublittoral macrobenthic invertebrate populations of the Upper Clyde Estuary are described. The estuary has a long history of organic pollution. The long term changes in species composition, faunal density and dominance patterns between 1974 and 1980 are presented. The fauna is dominated by brackish, pollution tolerant oligochaetes and polychaetes. Fluctuations in populations can be related to both seasonal variation in environmental conditions and long term improvements in water quality through a reduction in pollution loading to the estuary.

What Advantages Can Be Expected from the Acceptance of Variable Quality Standards for Sewage Treatment Effluents?

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 249-251
Author(s):  
Jacques Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Economical Benefit ◽  
Quality Objective ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Variable Quality

The flow and the water quality of the rivers vary throughout the year. Very frequently the environment protection authorities set up a quality objective for the river water and this mini mum quality level is constant. So, it wou1d seem possible to accept variable quality standards for plant effluents. A first approach of the problem,by a small French task group,based on three actual cases leads to the provisory conclusion that such a regulation is suitable and presents economical benefit only in some very limit ed cases.

Investigation of a New Approach to Predict Water Quality Extremes with a Case Study of Chemical Determinands in Stream Water

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
A. J. Jakeman ◽  
P. G. Whitehead ◽  
A. Robson ◽  
J. A. Taylor ◽  
J. Bai
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Hybrid Modelling ◽  
Trend Model ◽  
Environmental Extremes ◽  
Modelling Approach

The paper illustrates analysis of the assumptions of the statistical component of a hybrid modelling approach for predicting environmental extremes. This shows how to assess the applicability of the approach to water quality problems. The analysis involves data on stream acidity from the Birkenes catchment in Norway. The modelling approach is hybrid in that it uses: (1) a deterministic or process-based description to simulate (non-stationary) long term trend values of environmental variables, and (2) probability distributions which are superimposed on the trend values to characterise the frequency of shorter term concentrations. This permits assessment of management strategies and of sensitivity to climate variables by adjusting the values of major forcing variables in the trend model. Knowledge of the variability about the trend is provided by: (a) identification of an appropriate parametric form of the probability density function (pdf) of the environmental attribute (e.g. stream acidity variables) whose extremes are of interest, and (b) estimation of pdf parameters using the output of the trend model.

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