scholarly journals Simulated Modelling, Design, and Performance Evaluation of a Pilot-Scale Trickling Filter System for Removal of Carbonaceous Pollutants from Domestic Wastewater

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3210
Author(s):  
Abdul Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Anees ◽  
Shama Sehar ◽  
Saleh S. Alhewairini ◽  
Devendra P. Saroj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Zero Order Kinetics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Operational Data

The aim of the present study is to assess the wastewater treatment efficiency of a low-cost pilot-scale trickling filter (TF) system under a prevailing temperature range of 12 °C–38 °C. Operational data (both influent and effluent) for 330 days were collected from the pilot-scale TF for various physicochemical and biological parameters. Average percentage reductions were observed in the ranges of 52–72, 51–73, 61–81, and 74–89% for BOD5, COD, TDS, and TSS, respectively, for the whole year except the winter season, where a 74–88% reduction was observed only for TSS, whilst BOD5, COD, and TDS demonstrated reductions in the ranges of 13–50, 13–49, and 23–61%, respectively. Furthermore, reductions of about 43–55% and 57–86% in fecal coliform count were observed after the 1st and 6th day of treatment, respectively, throughout study period. Moreover, the pilot-scale TF model was based on zero-order kinetics calibrated at 20 °C using experimental BOD5 data obtained in the month of October to calculate the k20 value, which was further validated to determine the kt value for each BOD5 experimental setup. The model resulted in more accurate measurements of the pilot-scale TF and could help to improve its ability to handle different types of wastewater in the future.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation on Auto Test Set of an Airborne Radar

2013 ◽  
Vol 756-759 ◽  
pp. 489-492
Author(s):  
Fu Lu Jin ◽  
Yun Peng Li ◽  
Hong Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Software Design ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Airborne Radar ◽  
Automatic Test ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Test Process

To automatic test the function and performance of an airborne radar, changeable test adapter is adopted to implement the hardware and software design of the automatic test set of the antenna, transceiver and indicator of the radar based on AT89C52. Problems such as t the different types of interfaces, the various kinds of signals and the test of microwave signal are solved successfully and the objectives of resource sharing and automatic test are realized. The test software is designed by modular structure, and with the help of automatic test set hardware, the required test items of the radar system are experimented and the test process control succeeded. Experiment results show that the automatic test set performs steadily and the results meet the requirements of the airborne radar. The set has the advantages of intelligent, manageable and reducing artificial errors. It provides effective guarantees for radars maintenance, fault diagnosis and fault detection, and has a wide application prospect with low cost.

Substrate removal kinetics and performance assessment of a vermifilter bioreactor under organic shock load conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1177-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Kumar ◽  
K. S. Hari Prasad ◽  
Nitin Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Shock Load ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Shock Loads ◽  
Normal Loading ◽  
Substrate Removal ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
And Performance

In the present study, the effect of short-term organic shock loads (675, 799, 1,084 and 1,410 mg COD/L) on the treatment performance of a pilot-scale vermifilter (VF), employing an epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida and treating synthetic domestic wastewater is investigated. The effect of organic shock loads on the performance and stability of vermifiltration reactor was evaluated to identify its feasibility in actual field conditions. Prior to the application of each organic shock load, normal loading conditions were maintained to achieve the pseudo steady state (PSS) conditions. The results showed satisfactory endurance against imposed organic shock loads with negligible reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals and it was almost similar to PSS condition with removal efficiencies of ∼ 66, 71, 67 and 68%, respectively. The experimental COD data fit well to first-order kinetic model, with a regression value of 0.95. At the end of all shock loads, the nutritional analysis of vermicompost obtained from the top layer of VF, showed increased concentration of total nitrogen (∼31 g/Kg) and total phosphorus (29 g/Kg). Besides, an augmented earthworm biomass, ∼23.2% on weight basis and ∼22% on number basis, was observed at the end of the study.

scholarly journals Enhancement of waste stabilization ponds efficacy using local fixed film materials

2007 ◽  
pp. 419-428
Author(s):  
R.M. Al-Sa 'ed ◽  
N. Mahmoud ◽  
A. Abu-Madi ◽  
O.R. Zimmo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
In Series

This paper evaluates the feasibility of using local rock filter as natural media in waste stabilization ponds, A pilot-scale algae-rock filter ponds (ARPs) system was investigated, in parallel with algae-based ponds (ABPs) over a period of 6 months to evaluate the treatment efficacy of both systems. Each system entailed 4 equal ponds in series and was continuously fed with domestic wastewater from Birzeit University. The removal rates of organic matter, nutrients and faecal coliforms were monitored within each treatment system. The results obtained revealed that ARPs system was more efficient in the removal of organic matter (TSS and COD; 86% and 84%, respectively) and fecal coliforms (4 log10) than ABPs (81%, 81%, 3 log10, respectively). Nitrogen was reduced in the ARPs to an average of24 mg N/1; in contrast the ABPs effluent contained 32 mg N/1. Compared to ABP system, passive aerated ARPs option is an efficient, a low-cost and land-saving alternative with effluent quality suitable for restricted agricultural use in rural areas.

Development of compact UASB/trickling filter systems for treating domestic wastewater in small communities in Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1431-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. S. De Almeida ◽  
C. A. L. Chernicharo ◽  
C. L. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
And Performance

The paper analyses the concept and performance of compact UASB/TF systems in relation to configuration, use of innovative packing media and operational conditions. For the conditions tested, the UASB/TF systems had consistently complied with the Brazilian discharge standard regarding to COD, BOD and TSS parameters. However, some enhancements are still necessary in order to increase nitrification in the process. The conditions to promote nitrification in shallow TF (packed bed up to 2.50 m height) seem to be compatible with the proposed simplification in the flowsheet, which is to operate the system without secondary clarifiers.

scholarly journals Pilot scale study on characterization and performance of aerobic granular sludge to treat domestic wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Hazlami Fikri Basri ◽  
Aznah Nor Anuar ◽  
Mohd Hakim Ab Halim
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Climate Condition ◽  
Humid Tropical Climate ◽  
And Performance

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a wastewater treatment technology that is known for having unique advantages such as great settling ability, high biomass level, good shock resistance, and able to withstand high organic loading rate (OLR) and toxic pollutants. Since studies on AGS development are mostly conducted in laboratory scale, the detailed knowledge regarding the pilot scale study is still limited especially for hot and humid tropical climate condition. Therefore, this study focused on the characteristics and performance of AGS cultivated in a pilot-scale bioreactor for hot and humid tropical climate condition, specifically in Malaysia. The formation of AGS as well as biomass concentration were also investigated during the treatment of real domestic wastewater. From the result, it was found that the highest average diameter of the cultivated mature granules was 3.36 mm with a biomass concentration of 12.48 g L−1 after 93 days of operation. The aerobic granular sludge also achieved promising removal rates of 89 %, 75 %, 96 %, and 93 % for COD, phosphate, ammoniacal nitrogen, and total inorganic nitrogen, respectively.

Feasibility of UASB/trickling filter systems without final clarifiers for the treatment of domestic wastewater in small communities in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1347-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. L. Chernicharo ◽  
P. G. S. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Packing Material ◽  
The Other ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Operational Simplicity

The paper analyses the concept and performance of different configurations of compact UASB/TF systems, without the final clarification stage, in relation to the removal of organic matter. The experiments were carried out in two sets of UASB/TF systems operating without secondary clarifiers, as follows: (i) four shallow (2.50 m height) TFs, each one filled with a different packing material; and (ii) two deep (4.20 m height) TFs, one filled with polyethylene corrugated sheets and the other with mixed polyethylene and sponge sheets. For the conditions tested (different packing material in shallow and deep TF), the UASB/TF systems had consistently complied (90 to 100% of the results) with the Brazilian discharge standards regarding to BOD, COD, and TSS parameters. The average BOD, COD and TSS effluent concentrations stayed below 40 mg BOD L−1, 100 mg COD L−1 and 50 mg TSS L−1, respectively. UASB/TF systems can constitute an attractive alternative for domestic wastewater treatment in small communities in developing countries, especially considering its operational simplicity and very low running costs.

Transitioning to nontoxic antifouling paints

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica García ◽  
Mirta Stupak ◽  
Miriam Pérez ◽  
Guillermo Blustein
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fouling Organism ◽  
Antifouling Paints ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Copper Leaching ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reduce the amount of copper in antifouling paints by using eugenol as an additive. Biofouling leads to deterioration of any submerged material. The most widespread method for control is the application of cuprous oxide antifouling paints which are toxic. First of all, the paper describes the effect of eugenol on larvae of Balanus amphitrite (fouling organism) under laboratory conditions and then the preparation, application and performance of different types of antifouling paints in field trials. Design/methodology/approach – Three types of soluble matrix antifouling paints were prepared with different pigments. The first one containing 16 per cent v/v copper, the second with 1.6 per cent copper and the third with 1.6 per cent copper + 2 per cent eugenol. Findings – After 12 months of immersion in Mar del Plata harbour paints containing 1.6 per cent copper + eugenol and 16 per cent copper were the most effective. Although these formulations showed a similar performance, copper + eugenol-based paint contains 90 per cent lesser copper than a traditional copper-based formulation. Originality/value – The use of antifouling paints with copper + eugenol combination as pigment is a promising alternative due to its performance, low cost and reduction in copper leaching to environment.

Load limit of a UASB fed septic tank-treated domestic wastewater

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1455-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Prasad Lohani ◽  
Rune Bakke ◽  
Sanjay N. Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Combined System

Performance of a 250 L pilot-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, operated at ambient temperatures, fed septic tank effluents intermittently, was monitored for hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 18 h to 4 h. The total suspended solids (TSS), total chemical oxygen demand (CODT), dissolved chemical oxygen demand (CODdis) and suspended chemical oxygen demand (CODss) removal efficiencies ranged from 20 to 63%, 15 to 56%, 8 to 35% and 22 to 72%, respectively, for the HRT range tested. Above 60% TSS and 47% CODT removal were obtained in the combined septic tank and UASB process. The process established stable UASB treatment at HRT ≥ 6 h, indicating a hydraulic load design limit. The tested septic tank–UASB combined system can be a low-cost and effective on-site sanitation solution.

Baffled Septic Tank with Anaerobic Filter (BASTAF) and Vertical Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland for Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Vietnam

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viet-Anh Nguyen ◽  
Antoine Morel ◽  
Karin Tonderski
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Anaerobic Filter ◽  
Natural Treatment

The decentralized wastewater management utilizing existing infrastructure and low-cost natural treatment processes has a large potential in Vietnam. Centralized wastewater collection and treatment systems are often not affordable. Currently the septic tank is the most common on-site wastewater treatment facility in Vietnam. Nevertheless it has a limited treatment performance. The Improved Septic Tank, also known as Baffled Septic Tank with or without Anaerobic Filter (BASTAF or BAST) represents a valuable and promising alternative to the conventional septic tank. Results of laboratory- and pilot-scale research on BAST and BASTAF systems show that at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 days the 3-chamber BAST followed by Anaerobic Filter significantly increased the removal efficiencies in terms of BOD, COD and TSS in comparison with a conventional septic tank of the same size. Average treatment efficiencies of 80–90% in terms of BOD, COD and TSS can be achieved. Another component of the study showed that post-treatment of BASTAF effluent in a 2-stage vertical flow constructed wetland (CW) planted with locally available macrophytes allowed the achievement of level A, Vietnamese standard for wastewater discharge in terms of COD, BOD5, TSS, TN, NH4-N and T-P. Results of this study are now being implemented in different provinces inVietnam.

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