Baffled Septic Tank with Anaerobic Filter (BASTAF) and Vertical Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland for Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Vietnam

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viet-Anh Nguyen ◽  
Antoine Morel ◽  
Karin Tonderski
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Anaerobic Filter ◽  
Natural Treatment

The decentralized wastewater management utilizing existing infrastructure and low-cost natural treatment processes has a large potential in Vietnam. Centralized wastewater collection and treatment systems are often not affordable. Currently the septic tank is the most common on-site wastewater treatment facility in Vietnam. Nevertheless it has a limited treatment performance. The Improved Septic Tank, also known as Baffled Septic Tank with or without Anaerobic Filter (BASTAF or BAST) represents a valuable and promising alternative to the conventional septic tank. Results of laboratory- and pilot-scale research on BAST and BASTAF systems show that at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 days the 3-chamber BAST followed by Anaerobic Filter significantly increased the removal efficiencies in terms of BOD, COD and TSS in comparison with a conventional septic tank of the same size. Average treatment efficiencies of 80–90% in terms of BOD, COD and TSS can be achieved. Another component of the study showed that post-treatment of BASTAF effluent in a 2-stage vertical flow constructed wetland (CW) planted with locally available macrophytes allowed the achievement of level A, Vietnamese standard for wastewater discharge in terms of COD, BOD5, TSS, TN, NH4-N and T-P. Results of this study are now being implemented in different provinces inVietnam.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Aerasi Dalam Constructed Wetland Pada Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Euis Nurul Hidayah ◽  
Andrysah Djalalembah ◽  
Gina Aprilliana Asmar ◽  
Okik Hendriyanto Cahyonugroho
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Detention Time ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Natural Treatment

ABSTRAKPenanganan air limbah domestik Kota Surabaya selama ini dilakukan dengan 2 cara, yakni untuk blackwater dialirkan ke tangki septik dan greywater dialirkan ke drainase tanpa pengolahan. Hal ini menyebabkan peningkatan pencemar pada sungai sebagai air baku. Salah satu teknologi alternatif yang dapat diaplikasikan dengan mudah dan rendah biaya operasional dibanding pengolahan air limbah lainnya adalah constructed wetland dengan menggunakan tanaman Iris pseudoacorus sebagai kombinasi pengolahan biofilter dan proses fitoteknologi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efisiensi dari constructed wetland dengan tanaman Iris pseudoacorus untuk mengolah limbah domestik, serta menentukan bagaimana pengaruh dari adanya aerasi dan pengaruh waktu tinggal pada sistem constructed wetland dalam menurunkan bahan organik dan nitrogen pada air limbah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam skala uji laboratorium menggunakan reaktor berkapasitas 30 liter. Air limbah dialirkan pada reaktor dengan waktu tinggal 2 hari dan 3 hari, dengan variasi aerasi dan efisiensi pencemar diukur dengan parameter BOD, dan ammonia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kemampuan penyisihan BOD, dan ammonia dari limbah air domestik oleh reaktor constructed wetland dengan tambahan aerasi dan waktu tinggal selama 4 hari sangat efektif. Reaktor ini mampu menurunkan nilai BOD hingga 96% dan nilai ammonia sebesar 97%.ABSTRACTWastewater domestic in Surabaya City has been treated in two methods, including septic tank for blackwater and directly discharged into drainage system for greywater. This caused an increasing pollutant loading in source water. Constructed wetland with Iris pseudoacorus, one of the alternative natural treatment technology through biofilter and phytotechnology process, could be applied easily and less costly to other treatment. This research was conducted to know the efficiency of constructed wetland with Iris pseudoacorus in domestic wastewater treatment, and to reveal the effect of aeration and detention time in reducing organic and nitrogen content in domestic wastewater. Experiment has been conducted on a laboratory scale of continue aerated reactor and without aeration as control reactor. Detention time (days) 2 and 3 was setup, then sample was taken for BOD and ammonia measurement. The results indicated that constructed wetland with aeration and detention time 4 days had a higher performance to remove BOD up to 96% and ammonia up to 97% than without aeration and less than 4 days process.Keywords: Domestic Wastewater, Constructed Wetland, Phytotechnology, Iris pseudoacorus, Aeration.Sitasi: Hidayah, E. N., Djalalembah, A., Asmar, G.A. dan Cahyonugroho, G.A. (2018). Pengaruh aerasi dalam constructed wetland pada pengolahan air limbah domestik. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 16(2),155-161, doi:10.14710/jil.16.2.155-161

Domestic wastewater treatment through constructed wetland in India

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Juwarkar ◽  
B. Oke ◽  
A. Juwarkar ◽  
S. M. Patnaik
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Wetland Treatment ◽  
The Mean

The paper highlights the use of constructed wetlands for the removal of BOD, nitrogen, phosphorus and pathogens from primary treated wastewater. The constructed wetland consists of emergent macrophytesTypha latifolia and Phragmites carca grown in cement pipes having 0.1256 m2 area and 0.8 meter deep filled with 30% soil and 70% sand. The hydraulic loadings were maintained at the rate of 5 cm per day. The BOD removal in wetlands was observed to be 78-91%. The nitrogen content reduced from 30.8 mgl−1 to 9.5 mgl−1 whereas phosphate in treated wetland effluent was 9.6 mgl−1 as against the mean inflow total phosphate content of 14.9 mgl−1. The country’s first constructed wetland, of 90m × 30m size, was installed at Sainik School, Bhubaneshwar in the State of Orissa. Two types of macrophytes, viz. Typha latifolia and Phragmites carca, were planted. At present 180-200 m3 wastewater is being treated through wetland. BOD and nitrogen removal were 67-90% and 58-63% respectively. The constructed wetland treatment was found to be efficient in removal of BOD and N, and economically viable. The system, being easy to operate and low cost, can provide an economical viable solution for wastewater management.

scholarly journals Lampiran 5B paper An Investigation into the Use of Sand Media Planted with Thypa latifolia in Constructed Wetland Ecotechnology in Removing Organic matter, Suspended Solids and Nutrients from Domestic Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philiphi de Rozari
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
West Timor

Deterioration of water quality continues to be a major concern in West Timor. Establishment of wastewater treatment is crucial for eliminating this problem. Constructed wetland (CW) ecotechnologies are an alternative low-cost wastewater treatment to solve wastewater problems in West Timor. This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of Thypa latifolia in CWs for the removal of BOD5, suspended solids, NH4-N, and PO4-P. The experimental design consisted of 6 (20 L) vertical flow mesocosms, 3 mesocosms planted with Thypa latifolia and 3 mesocosms as a control. The mesocosms were irrigated with synthetic wastewater for 7 months. The inflow had a 2-day hydraulic retention time. The inflow and outflow samples were monitored for BOD5, suspended solids, NH4-N, and PO4-P. The trend showed that the CWs planted with Thypa latifolia reduced significantly the BOD, suspended solids, and NH4-N. However, the presence of plant did not significantly reduce PO4-P. This indicated that the CWs planted with Thypa latifolia had a better performance in comparison with pure sand media

scholarly journals Perencanaan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Desa Siulak Gedang Kecamatan Siulak Kabupaten Kerinci

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Fajar Arsyadani ◽  
Monik Kasman ◽  
Ira Galih Prabasari
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
The Public ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Siulak Gedang, a village lies on Siulak District, Kabupaten Kerinci which has old common treatment system for its domestic wastewater system. Black water is treated in impermeable septic tank so that the wastewater directly seeps into the ground is discharged into public drains. Meanwhile, grey water is channeled directly into the public drainage. Thus, domestic wastewater treatment is needed for Siulak Gedang Village to avoid water pollution due to the direct discharge of wastewater. The design for domestic wastewater system is divided into 2 parts of wastewater treatment plant (Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah = IPAL) that operates simultaneously using anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) which combined with constructed wetland. Based on the calculation, the peak discharge of population services is 2198,4 m3/day. The IPAL consists of a grease trap as a separator for oil and grease, a collection tank, a distribution tank, an ABR tank as the main processing unit for wastewater and further processing with a constructed wetland in sanitary pool.

Integrated constructed wetland systems: design, operation, and performance of low-cost decentralized wastewater treatment systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.L. Behrends ◽  
E. Bailey ◽  
P. Jansen ◽  
L. Houke ◽  
S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Decentralized Market

Several different types of constructed wetland systems are being used as decentralized treatment systems including surface-flow, subsurface-flow, vertical-flow, and hybrid systems. Archetypical wetland systems have design strengths and weaknesses, and therefore it should be possible to design combined (integrated) systems to optimize a number of important treatment processes. This study provides comparative efficacy data for two integrated wetland treatment systems (IWTS) designed to enhance treatment of medium strength wastewater generated from a pilot-scale intensive fish farm. Results from the twenty eight months study included consistently high removal of COD (84%+) and ammonia nitrogen (93%) in both systems. Initially, phosphorus removal was also high (>90%) in both systems, but removal efficacy declined significantly over time. Nitrate removal was significantly better in the system that provided sequential aerobic and anoxic environments. Short hydraulic retention times coupled with sustained removal of COD and ammonia indicate that the ReCip components could be a least-cost wastewater treatment technology in the decentralized market sector.

Load limit of a UASB fed septic tank-treated domestic wastewater

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1455-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Prasad Lohani ◽  
Rune Bakke ◽  
Sanjay N. Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Combined System

Performance of a 250 L pilot-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, operated at ambient temperatures, fed septic tank effluents intermittently, was monitored for hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 18 h to 4 h. The total suspended solids (TSS), total chemical oxygen demand (CODT), dissolved chemical oxygen demand (CODdis) and suspended chemical oxygen demand (CODss) removal efficiencies ranged from 20 to 63%, 15 to 56%, 8 to 35% and 22 to 72%, respectively, for the HRT range tested. Above 60% TSS and 47% CODT removal were obtained in the combined septic tank and UASB process. The process established stable UASB treatment at HRT ≥ 6 h, indicating a hydraulic load design limit. The tested septic tank–UASB combined system can be a low-cost and effective on-site sanitation solution.

scholarly journals Woven-Fiber Microfiltration (WFMF) and Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes (UV LEDs) for Treating Wastewater and Septic Tank Effluent

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1564
Author(s):  
Sara Beck ◽  
Poonyanooch Suwan ◽  
Thusitha Rathnayeke ◽  
Thi Nguyen ◽  
Victor Huanambal-Sovero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Photochemical Process ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

Decentralized wastewater treatment systems enable wastewater to be treated at the source for cleaner discharge into the environment, protecting public health while allowing for reuse for agricultural and other purposes. This study, conducted in Thailand, investigated a decentralized wastewater treatment system incorporating a physical and photochemical process. Domestic wastewater from a university campus and conventional septic tank effluent from a small community were filtered through a woven-fiber microfiltration (WFMF) membrane as pretreatment for ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. In domestic wastewater, WFMF reduced TSS (by 79.8%), turbidity (76.5%), COD (38.5%), and NO3 (41.4%), meeting Thailand irrigation standards for every parameter except BOD. In septic tank effluent, it did not meet Thailand irrigation standards, but reduced TSS (by 77.9%), COD (37.6%), and TKN (13.5%). Bacteria (total coliform and Escherichia coli) and viruses (MS2 bacteriophage) passing through the membrane were disinfected by flow-through UV reactors containing either a low-pressure mercury lamp or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting an average peak wavelength of 276 nm. Despite challenging and variable water quality conditions (2% < UVT < 88%), disinfection was predictable across water types and flow rates for both UV sources using combined variable modeling, which enabled us to estimate log inactivation of other microorganisms. Following UV disinfection, wastewater quality met the WHO standards for unrestricted irrigation.

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