scholarly journals Spatial–Temporal Distribution of Phosphorus Fractions and Their Relationship in Water–Sediment Phases in the Tuojiang River, China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Dandan Liu ◽  
Xueying Li ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Zhibo Lu ◽  
Lu Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Phosphorus Fractions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Water And Sediment

Understanding the distribution and transportation of phosphorus is vital for the sustainable development of aquatic environmental protection and ecological security. The spatial–temporal distribution of phosphorus fractions in water–sediment phases in river systems and their relationships remain unclear in Southwest China. In this study, the spatial and temporal distribution of phosphorus fractions in water–sediment phases in the Tuojiang River, a primary tributary of the Yangtze River which plays important roles in the economy and ecology of the region, and the relationships among the different phosphorus fractions were analyzed. These fractions were soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP), and total particulate phosphorus (PP) fractions in water, and exchangeable phosphorus (Ex-P), organic phosphorus (Or-P), phosphorus bound by Fe oxides (Fe-P), authigenic phosphorus (Ca-P), detrital phosphorus (De-P), and refractory phosphorus (Res-P) fractions in sediment. The SPR and Fe-P were the dominant phosphorus fractions in the water and sediment, respectively. The TP content was greater in the lower reaches than in the middle and upper reaches. The average abundances of most phosphorus fractions in water–sediment phases showed significant seasonal variations. The Fe-P, Org-P, and TP in sediments were released to the water interface, resulting in the increase of phosphorus in the overlying water. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the physicochemical properties of water and sediment have a certain influence on the spatial–temporal distribution of the phosphorus fractions. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the main phosphorus source was anthropogenic activities. These results provide primary data regarding phosphorus fractions and contribute to understanding phosphorus cycling and controlling phosphorus pollution in the Tuojiang River.

scholarly journals Effects of Lanthanum Modified Bentonite and Polyaluminium Chloride on the Environmental Variables in the Water and Sediment Phosphorus Form in Lake Yanglan, China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1947
Author(s):  
Ling Su ◽  
Chen Zhong ◽  
Lei Gan ◽  
Xiaolin He ◽  
Jinlei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Modified Bentonite ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Phosphorus Form ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

The application of lanthanum modified bentonite (Phoslock®) and polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is popular in the restoration of European temperate lakes; however, the effects of the application on the concentrations of phosphorus (P) in both the water and the sediments have been poorly evaluated to date. We studied the effects of the application of Phoslock® + PAC on the concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), particulate phosphorus (PP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total suspended solids (TSS) and chlorophyll a (Chla) in the water, and different P forms in the sediments, in an isolated part of Lake Yanglan. The results showed that the concentrations of TP, PP, SRP, TSS and Chla decreased significantly after the addition of Phoslock® + PAC. Moreover, the concentrations of labile-P, reductant-soluble-P and organic-P in the sediments were also significantly decreased after the Phoslock® + PAC application. However, the concentrations of both the stable apatite-P and residual-P in the sediments after application of Phoslock® + PAC were much higher than the pre-addition values, while the concentrations of metal-oxide-P did not differ significantly between the pre- and post- application conditions. Our findings imply that the combined application of Phoslock® and PAC can be used in the restoration of subtropical shallow lakes, to reduce the concentrations of P in the water and suppress the release of P from the sediments.

scholarly journals Phosphorus dynamics in the water of tropical semiarid reservoirs in a prolonged drought period

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herika Cavalcante ◽  
Fabiana Araújo ◽  
Vanessa Becker
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Dynamics ◽  
Prolonged Drought

Abstract Aim To verify the vertical distribution of phosphorus in the water and to identify the predominant forms of P in the water column for understand the phosphorus dynamics in tropical semiarid reservoirs during a prolonged drought period. Methods Two reservoirs from the semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte were analysed during the period from May 2015 to June 2016. Were analysed: Suspended solids (SS), chlorophyll a (Chl-a), dissolved oxygen (OD) and temperature. Vertical profiles were plotted for total phosphorus (PT), total dissolved phosphorus (PTD), particulate phosphorus (PP), dissolved organic phosphorus (POD) and soluble reactive phosphorus (FRS). Results The phosphorus values distributed in the water column were high for both reservoirs, presenting the highest values during the periods with lower depth. Gargalheiras presented greater predominance of PT and PP, while Cruzeta had the highest values of FRS. Chl-a and SS values were also consistent with phosphorus values: Chl-a was higher in Gargalheiras, while SS, mainly inorganic, were higher in Cruzeta. Gargalheiras presented anoxic conditions close to the sediment from May 2015 to December 2015, which may induce the release of phosphorus from the sediment to the water column. Values that are too high during the shallower months, especially in Cruzeta, may have been influenced by the release of P from sediment through wind resuspension. Conclusions The amounts and predominant types of phosphorus in the water column are of great importance to understand the phosphorus dynamics and will support restoration plans for the studied environments. In this study it was possible to verify that the reservoirs are susceptible to the release of P from the sediment due to the environmental conditions, mainly low depths, resuspension of the wind and anoxia in the hypolimnion.

scholarly journals Sediment phosphorus fractionation and flux in a tropical shallow lake

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Papera ◽  
Fabiana Araújo ◽  
Vanessa Becker
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Lake ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Phosphorus Fractionation ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Release ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Mobile Fraction ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

Abstract: Aim The aim of the present study is to evaluate the potential phosphorus (P) release from the sediment to the water column of a tropical shallow lake in the northeast of Brazil, based on the sediment P fractions and on the flux of P between water and sediment. Methods We used a sequential extraction method to analyse the different P fractions of the sediment of Lake Extremoz. We also carried out a 40-day microcosm experiment to analyse the flux of P between water and sediment. We did so by flooding 200g of sediment from the lake with 800 mL of 1.2 µm filtered lake water in 1 L beakers. Every 5 days we analysed: soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total phosphorus (TP), organic phosphorus (Org-P), dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, and pH of the water. Results The largest fraction of P in the sediment of Lake Extremoz is Refractory-P, which is non-mobile. The main mobile fraction of this lake’s sediment is composed of P bound to Fe and Mn oxides (BD-P) which is redox sensitive. During the P flux experiment, the water was always oxic and with nearly neutral pH, however the temperature increased by almost 4 °C due to the increase of the temperature of the air. SRP, TP and Org-P concentrations in the water had a general decrease in the first 20 days. But, on the second half of the experiment, those concentrations increased and the fluxes of P from sediment to water, mainly Org-P, were positive. Even with this increase in concentrations, indicating a period of P release, overall fluxes were negative. Conclusions The main mobile fraction of the sediment is redox sensitive, therefore it has the potential to be released in case of oxygen depletion. Under current conditions, most of the P released by the sediment is in organic forms, indicating that, in the presence of oxygen, the balance of P between water and sediment is controlled by the effects of organisms on P as well as temperature.

A Comparison of Different Phosphorus Fractions as Predictors of Particulate Pigment Levels in Lake Memphremagog and its Tributaries

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Henry Peters ◽  
Martin Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Phosphorus Fractions ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Large Molecular Weight ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Lake Waters ◽  
Total P

The amounts of colored particulate material (measured by reflectance) in surface waters of Lake Memphremagog and its tributaries were regressed against concentrations of total phosphorus and several of its component fractions: soluble phosphorus, particulate phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, orthophosphate, large molecular weight phosphorus (> 5000 mol wt) and small molecular weight phosphorus (< 400 mol wt). The correlations were examined to see if one of these fractions was a better predictor of seston concentration, and presumably of other biologically related lake properties, than total P, and to determine if riverine samples differed from lake waters in the relation between concentrations of P and suspended particulates. Total P correlated with colored particulates in both lotic and lentic samples as well as or better than any other fraction. Although river samples showed greater variation than lake samples, the regression lines describing the relations were similar in both lakes and rivers.Key words: phosphorus fractions, lakes, rivers, empirical models, particulate concentration, seston

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Particulate Phosphorus and Their Correlation with Environmental Factors in a Shallow Eutrophic Chinese Lake (Lake Taihu)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Kong ◽  
Jianying Chao ◽  
Wei Zhuang ◽  
Peifang Wang ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Chinese Lake

Spatial and seasonal variations of particulate phosphorus (PP) in a large shallow, eutrophic Lake Taihu with different ecotypes (including a phytoplankton-dominated zone, lake center zone, estuary zone and macrophyte-dominated zone) were investigated. The results showed that particulate organic phosphorus (POP) was the dominant form of PP (>88.0%). The concentration of POP showed higher levels in the bloom-sensitive northwestern zone (phytoplankton-dominated zone and estuary zone) during warm seasons, phytoplankton blooms and input of exogenous particulate matter were the main sources of POP in the lake water. Based on 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) analysis, orthophosphate (Ortho-P) was the dominant molecular species of PP and positively correlated with soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) (p < 0.01). This suggested that the release of Ortho-P from suspended particulate matter (SPM) was the main source of SRP in the lake water. Pyrophosphate (Pyro-P), which is regarded as a highly labile species of P compounds, represented a large fraction of PP, and its significant positive correlations with chlorophyll a (Chl a), indicated that the concentration of Pyro-P could be used as an important indicator for the degree of eutrophication of Lake Taihu. These results proved that PP in lake water was a significant factor supporting lake eutrophication and must be controlled.

The Impact of Shariah Governance and Corporate Governance on the Risk Management Practices: Evidence from Local and Foreign Islamic Banks in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sabri Embi ◽  
Zurina Shafii
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Shariah Governance ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Shariah governance and corporate governance (CG) on the risk management practices (RMPs) of local Islamic banks and foreign Islamic banks operating in Malaysia. The Shariah governance comprises the Shariah review (SR) and Shariah audit (SA) variables. The study also evaluates the level of RMPs, CG, SR, and SA between these two type of banks. With the aid of SPSS version 20, the items for RMPs, CG, SR, and SA were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). From the PCA, one component or factor was extracted each for the CG, SR, and RMPs while another two factors were extracted for the SA. Primary data was collected using a self-administered survey questionnaire. The questionnaire covers four aspects ; CG, SR, SA, and RMPs. The data received from the 300 usable questionnaires were subjected to correlation and regression analyses as well as an independent t-test. The result of correlation analysis shows that all the four variables have large positive correlations with each other indicating a strong and significant relationship between them. From the regression analysis undertaken, CG, SR, and SA together explained 52.3 percent of the RMPs and CG emerged as the most influential variable that impacts the RMPs. The independent t-test carried out shows that there were significant differences in the CG and SA between the local and foreign Islamic banks. However, there were no significant differences between the two types of the bank in relation to SR and RMPs. The study has contributed to the body of knowledge and is beneficial to academicians, industry players, regulators, and other stakeholders.

Perception of irrigation farmers’ livelihood on a changing climate in the Upper West region of Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
E. Amankwah, V. Hans-Jürgen
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
West Region ◽  
Irrigation Practice

Agriculture in the Upper West region is primarily subsistence and rain-fed, and irrigation practice is significantly furrow andthe use of traditional watering can. This historical approach to agriculture is predicted to suffer severe setbacks due to climatechange. This research therefore explores farmers’ perception of climate change and its impact and how the farmers can cope withthe changing climate. The primary data was gathered through field observation, interviews and administration of questionnairesto about 400 irrigation farmers in three districts of the Upper West region. The data was analysed using 1. Statistical Packagefor Social Sciences (SPSS) and basic statistical tools. It was discovered that 62% of the farmers had no formal education withmajority above 50 years of age. Over 80% have observed rising temperatures and declining rainfall over the last few decades.This has led to higher evaporation and siltation of irrigation dams, higher transpiration of crops and water stress resultingin low crop yield, crop failure and food insecurity. The research also highlights anthropogenic activities that have influencedclimate variability and food production in the region. The research was concluded with suggested strategies to facilitate farmers’adaptation to climate variability.

Investigating Occupation Wise Perception of Customers Towards Access to Cooperative Banking Services

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neetu Andotra ◽  
Tarsem Lal
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Banking Service ◽  
Total Data ◽  
Cooperative Banks ◽  
Secondary Information

The present paper aims at investigating the occupation-wise perception of customers towards access to cooperative banking services. The study is both expressive and evaluative in nature. In order to investigate the perception of customers towards access to cooperative banking services, both primary and secondary data has been collected. The primary data have been collected from 540 customers of cooperative banks operating in three northern states of India i.e J&K, Himachal Pradesh, and Punjab. The technique of factor analysis has been used through SPSS (version 17.00) with Principal Component Analysis along with varimax rotation for summarisation of the total data into minimum factors. Secondary information was collected from published sources i.e books, journals, files, cooperative bulletins, organizational reports, annual drafts of Planning and Statistical Department (Government of J&K, Himachal Pradesh, and Punjab), RBI reports, magazines, and Internet. ANOVA has been applied for data analysis. The results of the study shows that there exits significant means difference between perception of customers towards access to Cooperative banking service.

scholarly journals Warming increases carbon and nutrient fluxes from sediments in streams across land use

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1193-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-W. Duan ◽  
S. S. Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Sediment Fluxes ◽  
Urban Sites

Abstract. Rising water temperatures due to climate and land use change can accelerate biogeochemical fluxes from sediments to streams. We investigated impacts of increased streamwater temperatures on sediment fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrate, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and sulfate. Experiments were conducted at 8 long-term monitoring sites across land use (forest, agricultural, suburban, and urban) at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Over 20 yr of routine water temperature data showed substantial variation across seasons and years. Lab incubations of sediment and overlying water were conducted at 4 temperatures (4 °C, 15 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C) for 48 h. Results indicated: (1) warming significantly increased sediment DOC fluxes to overlying water across land use but decreased DOC quality via increases in the humic-like to protein-like fractions, (2) warming consistently increased SRP fluxes from sediments to overlying water across land use, (3) warming increased sulfate fluxes from sediments to overlying water at rural/suburban sites but decreased sulfate fluxes at some urban sites likely due to sulfate reduction, and (4) nitrate fluxes showed an increasing trend with temperature at some forest and urban sites but with larger variability than SRP. Sediment fluxes of nitrate, SRP and sulfate were strongly related to watershed urbanization and organic matter content. Using relationships of sediment fluxes with temperature, we estimate a 5 °C warming would increase mean sediment fluxes of SRP, DOC and nitrate-N across streams by 0.27–1.37 g m−2 yr−1, 0.03–0.14 kg m−2 yr−1, and 0.001–0.06 kg m−2 yr−1. Understanding warming impacts on coupled biogeochemical cycles in streams (e.g., organic matter mineralization, P sorption, nitrification, denitrification, and sulfate reduction) is critical for forecasting shifts in carbon and nutrient loads in response to interactive impacts of climate and land use change.

scholarly journals Geochemical and statistical evaluation of groundwater in the Thamirabarani river basin, south India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gajendran Chellaiah ◽  
Basker ◽  
Hima Pravin ◽  
Suneel Kumar Joshi ◽  
Sneha Gautam
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
International Standards

Abstract In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop the dictate metrics using a multi-proxy approach, i.e., spatial-temporal analysis, statistical evaluation, and hydrogeochemical analysis for 45 water samples located in the Thamirabarani river basin in Tamil Nadu, India. In order to evaluate the aptness of developed metrics for agriculture and domestic needs, eleven years dataset was analyzed and compared with national and international standards. Monitoring and analysis results revealed that the concentration of calcium and chloride ion was on the higher side in all the selected locations. These higher values may be attributed to the regional point sources such as untreated water disposal and off-peak sources such as agriculture practices. The principal component analysis resulted in 84.2% of the total variance in the post-monsoon season dataset. The major analyzed cations and anions were observed in the following order: Na+> Ca2+> Mg2+> K+ and Cl−> HCO3−> SO42−> NO3−, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that the studied area's groundwater quality was significantly affected by the high salinity in the region, probably due to anthropogenic activities and unprotected river sites.

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