scholarly journals Heavy Metals and Nutrients Loads in Water, Soil, and Crops Irrigated with Effluent from WWTPs in Blantyre City, Malawi

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Raymond S. Malikula ◽  
Chikumbusko C. Kaonga ◽  
Harold W. T. Mapoma ◽  
Fabiano G. D. Thulu ◽  
Petra Chiipa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Health Association ◽  
Daily Dose

Heavy metals may cause acute and chronic toxic effects to humans and other organisms, hence the need to treat wastewater properly, as it contains these toxicants. This work aimed at assessing zinc, copper, cadmium, and chromium in water, soil, and plants that are irrigated with effluent from Manase and Soche Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in Blantyre, Malawi. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) was used to assess the heavy metals. Heavy Metal Health Risk Assessment (HMHRA) on plants (vegetables) around both WWTPs was also conducted. Average daily dose (ADD) and target hazard quotients (THQ) were used to assess HMHRA. Physicochemical parameters were determined using standard methods from American Public Health Association (APHA). The heavy metal ranges were below detection limit (BDL) to 6.94 mg/L in water, 0.0003 to 4.48 mg/kg in soil, and 3 to 32 mg/L in plants. The results revealed that plants irrigated with effluent from WWTP had high values of aforementioned metals exceeding the Malawi Standards and WHO permissible limits. Furthermore, the health risk assessment values showed that vegetables consumed for a long period of time from Manase WWTP were likely to cause adverse health effects as compared to those from Soche WWTP.

scholarly journals Distribution, source, water quality and health risk assessment of dissolved heavy metals in major rivers in Wuhan, China

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11853
Author(s):  
Xingyong Zhang ◽  
Qixin Wu ◽  
Shilin Gao ◽  
Zhuhong Wang ◽  
Shouyang He
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Source Water Quality

Heavy metals are released into the water system through various natural processes and anthropogenic activities, thus indirectly or directly endangering human health. The distribution, source, water quality and health risk assessment of dissolved heavy metals (V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Mo, Sb) in major rivers in Wuhan were analyzed by correlation analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR). The results showed that the spatial variability of heavy metal contents was pronounced. PCA and CA results indicated that natural sources controlled Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Mo, and industrial emissions were the dominant factor for V, Zn and Sb, while As was mainly from the mixed input of urban and agricultural activities. According to the heavy metal pollution index (HPI, ranging from 23.74 to 184.0) analysis, it should be noted that As and Sb contribute most of the HPI values. The health risk assessment using HI and CR showed that V and Sb might have a potential non-carcinogenic risk and As might have a potential carcinogenic risk to adults and children in the study area (CR value exceeded target risk 10−4). At the same time, it was worth noting that As might have a potential non-carcinogenic risk for children around QLR (HI value exceeded the threshold value 1). The secular variation of As and Sb should be monitor in high-risk areas. The results of this study can provide important data for improving water resources management efficiency and heavy metal pollution prevention in Wuhan.

scholarly journals Environmental impact of heavy metals from means of transport

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 68-70
Author(s):  
Marta Jagodzińska ◽  
Marcin Rydzek
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Toxic Impact ◽  
The Impact

The article describes and assesses the impact of heavy metals emit-ted by means of transport on the environment. It was presented which of the means of transport emits the most contaminants. The relation between heavy metal emission and toxic impact on the environment was shown, in this context the health risk assessment was also made.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Contamination in Oryza sativa L. at the Eastern Region of Malaysia and Its Risk Assessment

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Nur Syahirah Zulkafflee ◽  
Nurul Adillah Mohd Redzuan ◽  
Sara Nematbakhsh ◽  
Jinap Selamat ◽  
Mohd Razi Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Acceptable Limit

Paddy plants tend to accumulate heavy metals from both natural and anthropogenic sources, and this poses adverse risks to human health. The objective of this study was to investigate heavy metal contamination in paddy plants in Kelantan, Malaysia, and its health risk assessment. The bioaccumulation of heavy metals was studied by means of enrichment (EF) and translocation factors (TF). The health risk assessment was performed based on USEPA guidelines. The EF for heavy metals in the studied areas was in the descending order of Cu > As > Cr > Cd > Pb. Meanwhile, Cr and Pb exhibited higher TF values from stem to grain compared with the others. The combined hazard index (HI) resulting from five heavy metals exceeded the acceptable limit (HI >1). The lifetime cancer risk, in both adult and children, was beyond the acceptable limit (10−4) and mainly resulted from exposure. The total cancer risk (CRt) due to simultaneous exposures to multiple carcinogenic elements also exceeded 10−4. In conclusion, intake of heavy metal through rice ingestion is likely to cause both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks. Further research is required to investigate the extent of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils and, moreover, to establish human exposure as a result of rice consumption.

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals in Cocoyam from Three Quarry Sites in Old Netim, Cross River State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
P. O. Odey ◽  
F. C. Anacletus ◽  
M. O. Wegwu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State

This study assessed health risk assessment of heavy metals in cocoyam from three quarry sites in Akamkpa LGA, Cross River State, Nigeria. Cocoyam tubers were obtained from three quarry sites in Oban Okoroba, each 4.5 kilometers apart and 20 kilometers from the control site. Cocoyam tubers were obtained from 0km, 0.2km, 0.4km, and 0.6km. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) was used to determine the content of Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Arsenic (As) and Manganese (Mn), showing relative abundance across all sites and samples in the sequence Mn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd. Quarry site D had highest levels of Mn, As and Cu (50.003 ± 5.478 mgkg-1, 0.207 ± 0.184 and 4.522 ± 1.204mgkg-1). Quarry site C and B respectively had the highest levels of Pb and Cd (1.136 ± 0.267 mgkg-1 and 0.041 ± 0.028 mgkg-1). Results of Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Life Carcinogenic Risk (LCR) showed ingestion of cocoyam tubers from Old Netim is safe and devoid of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. THI on the other hand revealed non-carcinogenic threat may result from prolonged ingestion of cocoyam tubers cultivated within quarry sites in Old Netim.

Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Zn (II) Ions Based on Gridded Spatial Interpolation and Geochemical Equilibrium Simulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Miao ◽  
Yimei Zhang ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Qianguo Lin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Metal Species

Abstract Soil heavy metal pollution had become a global issue involving environmental safety and human health risks. A methodology was explored to quantify the sources of heavy metals in the soils and investigate the spatial distributions of heavy metals by the gridded spatial scale. The case study was implemented in the industrial waste sites in Suzhou city, Jiangsu province. Zinc (Zn) was screened out as the targeted metal (TM) through the potential ecological risk assessment, the species of which was simulated by the geochemical software PHREEQC. The aim of this research was to determine the dominant metal species of TM with potential hazardous health risk to local people to achieve key prevention and pollution control. Herein, according to the morphological evolution of metal species, the activity and concentration of the Zn species was calculated for both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment. The evaluation of the optimized human health risk demonstrated that the associated health risk of Zn (II) depended predominantly on its metal speciation and was also affected by acidity and soil organic matter. Overall, the optimized carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk value of Zn2S32− for adults was 2.01E-04 and for children was 1.31 respectively, resulting in corresponding hazardous risk to human, which accounted for high risk level of 61.5% and 58.5%, respectively. This method could provide a reference for the decision-making of soil heavy metal pollution control and targeted hypotoxic convertion of metal species and remediation for certain heavy metal of polluted area.

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Edible Fish Species from the Barekese Reservoir in Kumasi, Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Metal Levels

Heavy metal pollution and its resultant accumulation to toxic levels in the Barekese reservoir may threaten human health through the consumption of fish from the Reservoir. The presence and concentrations of arsenic and some other heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Cd) were determined in muscle tissues of widely distributed and highly consumed fish species from the Barekese reservoir using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. A total of 45 fish samples comprising three species (Oreochromis niloticus, Tilapia zilli and Heterotis niloticus) were analyzed for their metal levels. Heavy metals concentrations (mg/kg, w.w) showed varying trends of detection among muscle tissues of selected fish species. However, Hg, Ni, Cr and Cd were detected in muscle tissues of all fish species examined in the study. Indices for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were estimated for child and adult upon their consumption of fish from the Reservoir. Results of the study indicate a significant level of exposure to Hg, Ni, Cr and Cd through the consumption of fish species from the Reservoir. Health risk assessment also revealed that children are at a relatively higher non-carcinogenic risk through the consumption of metals in Heterotis niloticus (HQ = 2.95 × 10-1). Also, the consumption of all examined fish species from the Reservoir pose no significant cancer risk effects to humans. The present study, therefore, concludes that anthropogenic activities along the Offin River and within the Barekese reservoir’s catchments could lead to deteriorating the quality of fish from the Reservoir hence regular monitoring of such activities is needed.

scholarly journals Heavy metal content and health risk assessment of a South-eastern Nigeria River

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emeka Donald Anyanwu ◽  
Emeka David Nwachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Heavy Metal Content

Abstract An enormous deficiency lag exists in the demand and supply of potable water in Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. The people have to pay lots of money to get potable water from water vendors, and those who cannot afford to pay patronize other unwholesome sources. Ossah River, one of the local drinking water sources, was studied to assess the heavy metal content and health risk assessment vis-a-vis its suitability for human consumption. Eight (8) heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Pb, Fe, Zn, Cd, Cr and Ni) were assessed between January and June 2018 in 3 stations, using atomic absorption spectrometer, and compared with Nigerian drinking water standards. Some of the heavy metals evaluated exceeded standards and warranted health risk assessment. Health risk assessment for all the stations indicated that there is no particularly dangerous single heavy metal, but their cumulative effect, indicated by the hazard index (HI). HI for all the stations highly exceeded threshold value (1). This calls for concern for both adults and children exposed to the water through ingestion. The heavy metal contamination observed was geogenic, exacerbated by anthropogenic activities.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Plants Collected from Perak, Malaysia

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
Agatha Anak Sibuar ◽  
Nur Syahirah Zulkafflee ◽  
Jinap Selamat ◽  
Mohd Razi Ismail ◽  
Soo Yee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Potential Health

Rice is one of the major crops as well as the staple food in Malaysia. However, historical mining activity has raised a concern regarding heavy metal contamination in paddy plants, especially in Perak, a state with major tin mining during the late nineteenth century. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr) contamination in paddy soils and paddy plants in three districts in Perak. The content of heavy metals was determined using ICP-MS, while the absorption and transferability of heavy metals in the paddy plants were investigated through enrichment (EF) and translocation (TF) factors. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to recognize the pattern of heavy metal contaminations in different sampling areas. Health risk assessment was performed through calculation of various indices. The quantification results showed that root contained highest concentration of the studied heavy metals, with As exhibiting the highest concentration. The EF results revealed the accumulation of As, Cu, and Cr in the rice grains while PCA showed the different compositional pattern in the different sampling areas. The health risk assessment disclosed both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks in the local adults and children. Overall, findings from this study show that heavy metal contamination poses potential health risks to the residents and control measure is required.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation potential and health risk assessment of heavy metals in Corchorus olitorius L. (Malvaceae) and Amaranthus hybridus L. (Amaranthaceae) obtained from a selected dump site in Akure, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Foluso Ologundudu ◽  
Adegbite Tobi ◽  
Omotola Fopeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Health Organization

Heavy metal contamination of polluted site has become a recurring decimal globally posing a threat to human life and biodiversity. This study was carried out to investigate the bioaccumulation potential and health risk assessment associated with the consumption of two indigenous vegetables Corchorus olitorius L. (Malvaceae) and Amaranthus hybridus (Amaranthaceae) in Akure. Initial pre soil analysis showed that the heavy metal concentration were above the safe limit as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). The heavy metals investigated include Cr, Ni, Cd, Fe and Pb for their bioaccumulation factor to provide baseline data regarding environmental safety and suitability of the vegetables for human consumption. Translocation factor, Daily Intake of Metal (DIM), Health Risk Index (HRI) and Oral Refrence Dose (RFD) were calculated following standard methods. This study concludes that different vegetables accumulate and translocate variable amount of heavy metals from the soil into their tissues. Hence, it is not advisable to consume vegetable samples collected from this site based on the permissible limits as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO).

scholarly journals Study on Heavy Metal Pollution Characteristics and its Health Risk Assessment from Sludge of Sewage Treatment Plants in Industrial Parks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuyan Han ◽  
Tianyi Cao ◽  
Tao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Index Method

Abstract Background In order to study the characteristics of heavy metal pollution from sludge in industrial parks and the effective methods of health risk assessment, in this paper, the pollution characteristics of eight heavy metals including Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg, Cr, Ni, As, Cd in sludge of sewage treatment plants in Nanjing MV Industrial Park were comprehensively evaluated and compared by using Nemerow Index Method, Muller Index Method and Matter element extension method. On this basis, the health risk assessment models of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic heavy metals were constructed, and the health risks caused by four kinds of non-carcinogenic heavy metals Pb, Zn, Cu, Hg and four kinds of carcinogenic heavy metals Cr, As,Cd, Nicontained in sludge were evaluated by using the practical data of Nanjing Industrial Park. Results According to the evaluation results of heavy metal pollution characteristics in sludge of sewage treatment plants in Nanjing MV Industrial Park, the order of different pollution levels under different assessment methods is as follows: the level of the Nemerow Index Method assessment was low, the level of the Muller Index Method assessment was high, and the level of Grey Clustering Method assessment was relatively moderate. In the health risk assessment of heavy metals, the results showed that the order of effects of non-carcinogenic heavy metals on health risk ranged from large to small was: Hg, Cu, Pb, and Zn, and the health risk of non-carcinogenic heavy metal in children was much higher than that in adults. Similarly, the order of effects of carcinogenic heavy metal health risk ranged from large to small was Cd, Cr, Ni and As, and the health risk of carcinogenic heavy metal in children was slightly lower than that in adults. Conclusions It can be seen that there is a certain degree of heavy metal pollution in the sludge of the sewage treatment plant in Nanjing MV Industrial Park, which affects the environmental quality in the park and the health risks of residents. This study verifies the assessment method of the heavy metal pollution characteristics and health risk is effective, and its research results have a guiding role in the management of heavy metal pollution in the sludge of the sewage treatment plant in Nanjing MV Industrial Park. It also has significant theoretical support for the government to formulate the eco-environmental quality standards and related policies of industrial parks.

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