scholarly journals Research on the Phenomenon of Chinese Residents’ Spiritual Contagion for the Reuse of Recycled Water Based on SC-IAT

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 846 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Social Preference ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Implicit Attitude ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
The Public ◽  
Explicit Attitude ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Single Category

Recycled water has been widely recognized in the world as an effective approach to relieve the issue of water shortage. Meanwhile, with several decades of development, the insufficiency of technology is no longer the primary factor that restricts the popularization of recycled water. What makes it difficult to promote the concept of reusing recycled water in China? To solve this issue, a special experiment on the public’s attitude towards the reuse of recycled water was designed based on a Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT), so as to avoid factors like social preference that can influence the survey results, and to gain the public’s negative implicit attitude towards reusing recycled water reuse, which is close to the public’s real attitude to it. From the perspective of implicit attitude, this research testifies the “spiritual contagion” phenomenon of the public, which refers to refusing recycled water reuse because recycled water is made from sewage treatment. By comparing the implicit attitude to recycled water reuse with the explicit attitude that is acquired from self-reporting questionnaires about reusing recycled water, this research finds that the implicit attitude is more positive than the explicit attitude, which accounts for the phenomenon of “best game no one played” in the promotion of the recycled water reuse, that is, the public though applauding the environment-friendly policy, will not actually use the recycled water.

Current status of water reuse systems in Korea

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Noh ◽  
I. Kwon ◽  
H.-M. Yang ◽  
H.-L. Choi ◽  
H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Service Water ◽  
Site Water ◽  
Recycling Systems

In Korea, the current water resources will fall short by 2.6 billion tons to meet the 38 billion ton water demand in the year 2020. To overcome the future water shortage, it is desirable to minimize water consumption and to reuse treated wastewater. There are a total of 99 on-site water-recycling systems in the country. The potential capacity of the 99 systems is 429 thousands tons/day, which is 3.6% of the total service water. Compared to other industrialized countries, the number of the water recycling systems in Korea is extremely small. This is mainly due to the following reasons. First, in Korea, any building with more than 60,000 m2 of total floor space is required to install a water reuse system by law. However, only less than 0.5% of the total buildings have more than 10,000 m2. Therefore, the regulation is ineffective and merely nominal. Second, service water is supplied at low charge (0.20 US-dollar/m3 water). The inexpensive service water often discourages people to recycle treated wastewater. Third, people still think recycled water is not clean enough and can cause diseases. Therefore, they should be informed that a well-maintained recycling system does not fail to produce water with high quality.

Research on the Scale of Construction Water Reuse

2011 ◽  
Vol 58-60 ◽  
pp. 738-742
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Wang ◽  
Shao Yan Fan ◽  
Ying Ying Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Residential Communities ◽  
Optimal Balance ◽  
Resource Shortage

To resolve the water resource shortage, the water reuse technologies are of key importance. But in nowadays, the water reuse is only limited in large cities and industry fields. Many residential communities and constructions have not build water reuse systems. The article briefly describes the features and utilizations of domestic and foreign water, analysis the profits and disservices and scale of large and small recycled water. For the current domestic situation and water resources and promote water reuse status and problems considering the urban size, economic status, urban planning and norm-setting and other factors, it advocate that the development of water should start from small to large, from micro to macro, researched the precedent of the scaled provision about small water in Japan and Beijing and proposed the conclusion that to prompt reasonable division of small recycled water and achieve the optimal balance of large and small recycled water in order to promote better water utilization, and thus weaken the limits of water shortage in the development of urbanization.

scholarly journals Big Data Digging of the Public’s Cognition about Recycled Water Reuse Based on the BP Neural Network

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanliang Fu ◽  
Zhijian Liu ◽  
Mengmeng Wang ◽  
Zelin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Bp Neural Network ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
The Public

Reuse of recycled water is very important to both the environment and economy, while the public cognition degree towards recycled water reuse also plays a key role in this process, and it determines the acceptance degree of the public towards recycled water reuse. Under the background of the big data, the Hadoop platform was used to collect and save data about the public’s cognition towards recycled water in one city and the BP neural network algorithm was used to construct an evaluation model that could affect the public’s cognition level. The public’s risk perception, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control regarding recycled water reuse were selected as key factors. Based on a multivariate clustering algorithm, MATLAB software was used to make real testing on massive effective data and assumption models, so as to analyze the proportion of three evaluation factors and understand the simulation parameter scope of the cognition degree of different groups of citizens. Lastly, several suggestions were proposed to improve the public’s cognition on recycled water reuse based on the big data in terms of policy mechanism.

The Current Situation of Pollution Control and Management of the Liao River Basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 1046-1049
Author(s):  
Yu Nan Gao ◽  
Ping Ping Zhang ◽  
Jin Xiang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Control And Management

The current situations of water environmental problem, water quality, water pollution prevention and control of the Liao River are analyzed and evaluated in this paper. The results show that a serious current situation of the Liao River water quality. The main pollution sources are: grave mountain forest vegetation destruction; serious soil and water loss; densely populated city; great pressure of sewage treatment; low coverage rate of the urban sewage pipe network; serious phenomenon for sewage straightly discharge and level of recycled water reuse. This paper aims at putting forward more attention on the work of basin pollution prevention and treatment; fundamentally relieve water source-oriented supply pressure.

scholarly journals Recycled water reuse: what factors affect public acceptance?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Peter R Nkhoma ◽  
Kamal Alsharif ◽  
Erick Ananga ◽  
Michael Eduful ◽  
Michael Acheampong
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
The Public ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
The World ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Public Opposition

Summary Globally, water resources are under immense and increasing pressure. This, coupled with the threat of climate change, has increased global interest in water reuse. However, global water reuse remains limited because of public opposition. This paper thus examines public perceptions and attitudes to water reuse across the world. It finds that results from studies of water reuse acceptance have tended to be context specific, although claims can be made about the universal relevance of some predictors, underscoring the need for individual water reuse schemes to carefully consider their local context. Disgust remains a constant in the public psyche, while public trust in delivery agents as well as how water reuse is communicated vis-à-vis perceptions about the quality and safety of recycled water are also critical. The latter particularly highlights public concerns about the indeterminate health risks associated with water reuse.

scholarly journals The role of the community engagement towards the success of water reuse in isolated islands and tourist areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Valentina Lazarova ◽  
Vincent Sturny ◽  
Gaston Tong Sang
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Stakeholders

This paper presents and discusses the role of community engagement, i.e. attitudes of local stakeholders, engagement of elected officers and pricing, towards the success of water reuse on the island of Bora Bora, French Polynesia. To better preserve public health and overcome all constraints related to public perception, a membrane tertiary treatment was implemented for the production of high-quality recycled water. Consequently, the demand for the new recycled water has steadily increased during the last four years with a wide diversification of urban uses including irrigation, cleaning, industrial and commercial uses and fire protection. The primary keys to success of this water reuse scheme are the strong commitment of elected officers and large industrial users with the implementation of an adequate public communication and education programme. The resulting outcome is the public trust in recycled water and the recognition of the economic and environmental benefits of water reuse with perspectives for new water reuse projects.

Health Care Cost Containment in Large American Cities

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Moore
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cost Containment ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Cost ◽  
American Cities

This research provides information about the health care cost containment efforts of local governments and agencies across the United States, particularly in large American cities. Survey results indicate that while the public sector lags behind the private sector, public agencies are beginning to match the cost containment efforts of private employers. While initiation of these efforts represents considerable recent progress, their tangible benefits are not yet apparent.

Cleaning Streams in Cook County, IL: Forest Preserves, Water Pollution, and Interwar Environmentalism in the Chicago Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 153851322110462
Author(s):  
Natalie B. Vena
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Cook County ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
American Cities ◽  
Forest Preserves ◽  
Forest Preserve

In 1916, the Forest Preserve District of Cook County began acquiring land to create a natural retreat for Chicagoans in that booming metropolitan region. Since district officials acquired many properties along county streams, water pollution soon interfered with their mission of creating an urban wilderness for recreational pleasure. To address the problem, in 1931, county leaders appointed the Clean Streams Advisory Committee that collaborated with forest preserve staff members to pressure polluters to clean-up their operations and to persuade enforcement agencies to prosecute ongoing offenders. They also lobbied the Public Works Administration to earmark New Deal funding for sewage treatment in Cook County. Their efforts suggest that early activism against water pollution in American cities emerged not only from efforts to ensure clean drinking water, but also struggles to protect nature. The interwar campaign to clean forest preserve streams anticipated the goals of the federal Clean Water Act (1972) to make all American waterways fishable and swimmable. The movement also preceded the burst of anti-pollution activism that historians have documented in U.S. suburbs after WWII and laid the groundwork for postwar efforts to mitigate water pollution in Cook County.

Impact of Negation Salience and Cognitive Resources on Negation During Attitude Formation

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1329-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Boucher ◽  
Robert J. Rydell
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Attitude Formation ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Implicit Attitude ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Explicit Attitude ◽  
Attitude Measures ◽  
Competing Models ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Because of the increased cognitive resources required to process negations, past research has shown that explicit attitude measures are more sensitive to negations than implicit attitude measures. The current work demonstrated that the differential impact of negations on implicit and explicit attitude measures was moderated by (a) the extent to which the negation was made salient and (b) the amount of cognitive resources available during attitude formation. When negations were less visually salient, explicit but not implicit attitude measures reflected the intended valence of the negations. When negations were more visually salient, both explicit and implicit attitude measures reflected the intended valence of the negations, but only when perceivers had ample cognitive resources during encoding. Competing models of negation processing, schema-plus-tag and fusion, were examined to determine how negation salience impacts the processing of negations.

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