Research on the Scale of Construction Water Reuse

2011 ◽  
Vol 58-60 ◽  
pp. 738-742
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Wang ◽  
Shao Yan Fan ◽  
Ying Ying Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Residential Communities ◽  
Optimal Balance ◽  
Resource Shortage

To resolve the water resource shortage, the water reuse technologies are of key importance. But in nowadays, the water reuse is only limited in large cities and industry fields. Many residential communities and constructions have not build water reuse systems. The article briefly describes the features and utilizations of domestic and foreign water, analysis the profits and disservices and scale of large and small recycled water. For the current domestic situation and water resources and promote water reuse status and problems considering the urban size, economic status, urban planning and norm-setting and other factors, it advocate that the development of water should start from small to large, from micro to macro, researched the precedent of the scaled provision about small water in Japan and Beijing and proposed the conclusion that to prompt reasonable division of small recycled water and achieve the optimal balance of large and small recycled water in order to promote better water utilization, and thus weaken the limits of water shortage in the development of urbanization.

scholarly journals Modeling in Water Resources Management in East Nile Delta: Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Heba F. Abdelwahab ◽  
Elsayed M. Ramadan ◽  
Abdelazim M. Negm
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Mathematical Optimization ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Modelling Studies

AbstractIt is acknowledged that providing a safe water supply for all countries is one of the major challenges of the twenty-first century. Egypt is one of the greatest countries affected in Africa and Middle East. The Nile is facing a major water shortage due to the limited water resources and the the demand is growing as a result high population growth and development in industrial and agricultural sectors. This paper has been motivated by the fact that there is no up-to-date literature review of the optimal operation of Water Resources. The analysis of the reviewed literature is structured along five broad branches: (1) Mathematical Optimization Modelling Studies, (2) Numerical Simulation Modelling Studies, (3) Geographical Information Systems “GIS” based Studies, (4) Ecological Studies, (5) Water Reuse Studies. This review is limited to surface water but groundwater has been inexplicitly included. The paper concludes the best way to identify knowledge to cover the gap between water supply and demands and to guide future researches on water resources planning and management.

scholarly journals Analysis of the ultimate water resources carrying capacity in Yancheng, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengchuan Dong ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Shengnan Feng ◽  
Jiayi Ma ◽  
Bing Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Technical Level ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Water Resources Carrying Capacity ◽  
Government Planning

Abstract Unreasonable development and utilization of resources has caused serious environmental problems, especially water shortage and water pollution. Determining the largest population size and economic scale that water resources can support without destroying the ecological environment in a region, that is, ultimate water resources carrying capacity (UWRCC) helps to realize the sustainable utilization of water resources. UWRCC is a variable value which is easily affected by natural conditions, technical level and economic status. This study proposes a UWRCC research method that combines multi-objective optimization and scenario analysis. This method draws the diagram of UWRCC result sets based on multi-scenario UWRCC calculation, through which UWRCC values under different specific technical and economic levels are easily and quickly obtained. This method has been applied to Yancheng in this study and the quantitative relationship between technical level, economic level and UWRCC of Yancheng is analyzed. Taking Yancheng as the research area, this study analyzes the quantitative relationship between the technical level, economic level and UWRCC of Yancheng. The results show that according to the existing government planning, Yancheng's water resources will be sufficient to support the development of socioeconomic. But the districts of Yandu, Tinghu, and Binghai will experience population and gross domestic product overloading in future years. In addition, the diagram of the UWRCC sets of Yancheng is obtained and it provides a reference for the local water resources management.

Current status of water reuse systems in Korea

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Noh ◽  
I. Kwon ◽  
H.-M. Yang ◽  
H.-L. Choi ◽  
H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Service Water ◽  
Site Water ◽  
Recycling Systems

In Korea, the current water resources will fall short by 2.6 billion tons to meet the 38 billion ton water demand in the year 2020. To overcome the future water shortage, it is desirable to minimize water consumption and to reuse treated wastewater. There are a total of 99 on-site water-recycling systems in the country. The potential capacity of the 99 systems is 429 thousands tons/day, which is 3.6% of the total service water. Compared to other industrialized countries, the number of the water recycling systems in Korea is extremely small. This is mainly due to the following reasons. First, in Korea, any building with more than 60,000 m2 of total floor space is required to install a water reuse system by law. However, only less than 0.5% of the total buildings have more than 10,000 m2. Therefore, the regulation is ineffective and merely nominal. Second, service water is supplied at low charge (0.20 US-dollar/m3 water). The inexpensive service water often discourages people to recycle treated wastewater. Third, people still think recycled water is not clean enough and can cause diseases. Therefore, they should be informed that a well-maintained recycling system does not fail to produce water with high quality.

scholarly journals Research on the Phenomenon of Chinese Residents’ Spiritual Contagion for the Reuse of Recycled Water Based on SC-IAT

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 846 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Social Preference ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Implicit Attitude ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
The Public ◽  
Explicit Attitude ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Single Category

Recycled water has been widely recognized in the world as an effective approach to relieve the issue of water shortage. Meanwhile, with several decades of development, the insufficiency of technology is no longer the primary factor that restricts the popularization of recycled water. What makes it difficult to promote the concept of reusing recycled water in China? To solve this issue, a special experiment on the public’s attitude towards the reuse of recycled water was designed based on a Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT), so as to avoid factors like social preference that can influence the survey results, and to gain the public’s negative implicit attitude towards reusing recycled water reuse, which is close to the public’s real attitude to it. From the perspective of implicit attitude, this research testifies the “spiritual contagion” phenomenon of the public, which refers to refusing recycled water reuse because recycled water is made from sewage treatment. By comparing the implicit attitude to recycled water reuse with the explicit attitude that is acquired from self-reporting questionnaires about reusing recycled water, this research finds that the implicit attitude is more positive than the explicit attitude, which accounts for the phenomenon of “best game no one played” in the promotion of the recycled water reuse, that is, the public though applauding the environment-friendly policy, will not actually use the recycled water.

scholarly journals Sustainable development of climate change resources: About recycling of water resources in Maple Park, Taichung, Taiwan.

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 00016
Author(s):  
Chang-Hsien Hsu ◽  
Chiu-Yu Hung
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
City Government ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Taichung City ◽  
Island Type

Water is an essential substance in the global environment that sustains the functioning of all ecosystems. In fact, the demand for water resources should not be limited to human activity systems. In terms of sustainable development of the environment, the distribution and development of water resources need to expand to the needs of other ecosystems on the planet. Taiwan is surrounded by the sea and is a typical island-type economic country. However, due to the young geology of Taiwan, the terrain is too large and undulating, so that the rainwater quickly flows into the ocean and is difficult to store. Taiwan has an average of 2,500 mm of rainfall per year[1].The rainfall in Taiwan is more than 2.6 times the global average, it is a country with abundant rainfall. At the same time, there is also a crisis of water shortage. Due to the narrowness, the steep mountains, and the heavily rain of typhoon, it quickly flows into the sea. So that even if the rain is more and more in Taiwan, it will not ease the problem of water shortage. Therefore, the application of circular economy and water reuse is more important. This study takes “Flood detention pond in Maple Park” as the object of discussion. Exploring how the Taichung City Government used the ecological park to achieve the role of reservoirs for flood detention and disaster prevention. In addition, how to use water resources efficiently to achieve sustainable development has become a major issue in modern times.

Challenges and prospectives for water recycling and reuse in EU countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Angelakis ◽  
L. Bontoux ◽  
V. Lazarova
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Equity Issue ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Reuse Of Treated Wastewater

Recycled water is a reliable source of water that must be taken into account in formulating a sustainable water policy. Water reuse is a growing field and many projects have been occurring throughout Europe in the last fifteen years. Most of northern EU countries have abundant water resources. In this case, the need for extra supply through the reuse of treated wastewater is not a priority, but the protection of the receiving environment is considered as an important issue. The situation is different in the southern EU countries, where the additional resource brought by water reuse promoted the implementation of a number of new projects. One of the major constraints for water reuse and its public acceptance is the lack of relevant legislation at EU level. As a result of this situation, both strict and flexible standards can be found in Europe, even in the same country (Spain, for example), illustrating an important equity issue, which needs to be addressed.

Facing water shortage in a Mediterranean tourist area: seawater desalination or water reuse?

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Xu ◽  
F. Brissaud ◽  
M. Salgot
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Seawater Desalination

An integrated technical-economic modelling framework was developed to help planning and managing of water resources in a Mediterranean tourist area, Palma on Majorca island (Spain). Due to high water demand, groundwater resources are depleted and new water resources should be developed. Seawater desalination has become an important solution to water shortage, especially in the summer tourist season. Meanwhile, reclaimed water has been applied for agricultural and landscape irrigation. With regard to the treated wastewater not being effectively reused, further water reuse scenarios are envisaged in order to meet new water demand, restore over-exploited aquifers and reduce expensive seawater desalination. Three types of models were established and coupled: (i) hydrological models; (ii) water demand and/or need model; (iii) technical-economic model. In addition, a multi-criteria analysis completed the technical-economic modelling. The simulated water reuse scenarios are not alternative but complementary. They provide the possibilities for total reuse of wastewater in the Palma area. Compared with seawater desalination, water reuse is a cost-effective solution to address water scarcity issues in the Palma area. Using tertiary effluent for landscape irrigation allows over-exploited aquifers to recover. It is very attractive in terms of economic benefits and feasible with respect to technical and social aspects. Further water reuse for extending agricultural irrigation can greatly reduce seawater desalination but acquiring the farmers' agreement to give up pumping groundwater for irrigation would meet some difficulties. Water recharge would help to totally reuse wastewater but uncertainties related to public perception and the attitude or regulatory board and local authorities need dealing with. Because water reuse requires a long-term managing viewpoint in order to prepare and demonstrate its feasibility and security, seawater desalination was adopted as an emergency solution to meet peak demands during the tourist season and in case of drought.

Textile wastewater in Tlemcen (Western Algeria): Impact, treatment by combined process

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Combined Process ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Textile Wastewater Treatment

Algerian water resources are scarce, and unequally distributed. The region is facing severe water shortage problems due to climate conditions, uneven precipitations, and the long periods of drought. Moreover, the demand for water from the urban population, industry, and especially agriculture is rapidly increasing. Water management represents an economic and ecological challenge to cope with this demand, conserve the water resources and reduce the environmental pollution. The present paper reviews the textile wastewater treatment and feasibility of reuse. The treatment was performed using a combined process; adsorption on bentonite (B) followed by electroflotation (EF). The effects of B concentration, pH, contact time and current density, were investigated under optimal conditions for maximal dye elimination. Water reuse activity, the potentials, risks and issued associated with reclaimed water reuse are also reviewed. The results were well fitted by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and show that the effluent treated by this combined method contained essentially no turbidity, color or COD 99, 01%, 99, 49% and 99, 8% are the removal rates obtained, respectively. The treated effluent quality satisfied the requirement of water discharges standards and integration of other factors is needed to reuse this water.

The Development and Optimal Allocation of Water Resources in Zhidan Country Energy Chemical Industrial Park

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 1120-1124
Author(s):  
Peng Kang Jin ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Xian Bao Wang ◽  
Yong Ning Feng
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Chemical Industrial Park

Focusing on the water shortage and water stress during the construction period of Zhidan energy chemical industrial park, the optimal allocation of water resources in Zhidan was conducted, in order to guarantee the water demand of the energy chemical industrial park. The optimal allocation of water resources is based on the advanced investigating and analyzing on the potential of four kinds of available water in this industrial park (surface water, underground water, the rain-flood and the recycled water). As well as the principle of optimal allocation is to reduce the conventional water exploitation and to increase the unconventional water resource utilization. The study result shows, the recent total water resources in this park is 12.39×104 m3/d and the forward total water resources is 13.39×104 m3/d, which can meet the requirement of both recent and forward water consumption for this park(4.40×104 m3/d and 5.16×104 m3/d). The optimal allocation of water resources program is to achieve the goal of reaching a recent water supply of 4.5×104 m3/d, among which the underground water is 0.95×104 m3/d, the surface water is 3.0×104 m3/d, the recycled water is 0.5×104 m3/d, the rain-flood water is 0.05×104 m3/d. While for the forward water supply of these 4 available kinds of water are 1.45×104 m3/d, 3.0×104 m3/d, 1.0×104 m3/d, 0.05×104 m3/d respectively with a total supply of 5.5 ×104 m3/d.

Correlates of Child Mortality in Pakistan: A Hazards Model Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Benneti
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Hazards Model

This study investigated factors associated with child mortality in an area in Rawalpindi, one of the large cities of Pakistan. Using both demographic and anthropological methods, the research was conducted to specifically examine the processes and mechanisms whereby a link is established between child mortality and its covariates. Controlling for the socio-economic status as a determinant of child mortality, the study population was limited to a lower income stratum living in a homogeneous environment where all households had equal access to health-related and other facilities. Results of the proportional hazards model analysis on 130I index children suggest that non-economic factors like maternal health-seeking behaviour were related to high child mortality. The cultural norm of bearing a large number of children was the most significant correlate. In order of significance, this was followed by contraceptive use, current age of the mother, age at marriage and the hygienic conditions of the household. The study provides strong evidence of familial clustering of mortality by order of the household.

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