Возможности селекции крупного рогатого скота по локусам csn2 и csn3

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
N.B. KOVALYUK ◽  
V.F. SATSOUK ◽  
E.V. MACHULSKAYA ◽  
L.I. JAKUSHEVA ◽  
A.A. KASEM
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Ayrshire Breed ◽  
Domestic Breeding

С целью оценки возможности отечественных и зарубежных племенных предприятий для ведения селекции на повышение сыропригодности и безопасности молока проведено генотипирование по локусу CSN2 (бетаказеина) 308 быковпроизводителей голштинской и айрширской пород. Учтена информация о CSN2 генотипах 390 быковпроизводителей. По локусу CSN3 (каппаказеина) генотипировано 73 производителя айрширской и голштинской пород, учтена информация о CSN3 генотипах 615 быковпроизводителей. Установлено, что быкипроизводители голштинской породы не имеют существенных отличий в частоте встречаемости желательного CSN2 генотипа А2А2 (3642) быки голштинской породы отечественных племенных предприятий в 24 раза уступают по распространенности желательного CSN3 генотипа ВВ (частота встречаемости составляет 713) производителям компании World Wide Sires (28) быкипроизводители айрширской породы отечественных племенных предприятий в 23 раза уступают быкам компании VikingGenetics по распространенности желательных CSN2 и CSN3 генотипов. Считаем, что отечественным племенным предприятиям с целью повышения конкурентоспособности необходимо увеличить долю быков с генотипами А2А2 (локус CSN2), АВ и ВВ (локус CSN3).In order to assess the possibility of domestic and foreign breeding enterprises for breeding to improve the cheese suitability and safety of milk, genotyping of 308 Holstein and Ayrshire bulls by CSN2 (betacasein) locus was carried out. Information on CSN2 genotypes of 390 bulls was taken into account. 73 producers of Ayrshire and Holstein breeds were genotyped by CSN3 locus (kappacasein), information on CSN3 genotypes of 615 bulls was taken into account. Found that bulls of Holstein breed are not significant differences in the frequency of occurrence of desirable CSN2 genotype А2А2 (3642) bulls Holstein breeding enterprises in 24 times inferior to the prevalence of desirable genotype CSN3 the BB (the frequency of occurrence is 713) manufacturers company World Wide Sires (28) bulls Ayrshire breed of domestic breeding enterprises is 23 times the yield of the company VikingGenetics bulls on the prevalence of desirable CSN2 and CSN3 genotypes. We believe that domestic breeding enterprises in order to increase competitiveness need to increase the proportion of bulls with genotypes A2A2 (locus CSN2), AB and BB (locus CSN3).

THE INFLUENCE OF CSN 2 AND CSN 3 GENOTYPES ON THE MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF AYRSHIRE COWS

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Н.В. КОВАЛЮК ◽  
В.Ф. САЦУК ◽  
Е.А. КУЛЕШОВА ◽  
Л.И. ЯКУШЕВА ◽  
Ю.Ю. ШАХНАЗАРОВА
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Ayrshire Breed ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Domestic Breeding

Настоящее исследование завершает цикл работ, связанных с генотипированием российских субпопуляций крупного рогатого скота по локусам CSN2 и CSN3. Проведено генотипирование  коров и телок айрширской породы из трех хозяйств Краснодарского края (n=1107). Установлена частота встречаемости носителей CSN2- и CSN3-генотипов, оценена степень их влияния на молочную продуктивность. В различных группах животных частота встречаемости «предпочтительных» в хозяйственном отношении CSN2-генотипа А2А2 составляет от 0,23 до 0,37 и CSN3-генотипа ВВ — от 0,03 до 0,06. Генотипы А2А2 и ВВ не оказывают негативного влияния на молочную продуктивность их носителей. Целесообразно для отечественных племенных предприятий, реализующих спермопродукцию айрширских быков, увеличить долю производителей с генотипами А2А2 (локус CSN2), АВ и ВВ (локус CSN3 This study completes a series of studies related to the genotyping of Russian bovine subpopulations at the CSN2 and CSN3 loci. Genotyping of cows and heifers Ayrshire breed from three farms in the Krasnodar region (n=1107) and the incidence of carriers CSN2 and CSN3 genotypes, assess their degree of influence on milk production in animals Ayrshire breed .It was found that in different groups of animals, the frequency of occurrence of the "preferred" in economic terms CSN2 genotype A2A2 ranges from 0.23 to 0.37 and CSN3 genotype BB - from 0.03 to 0.06.Genotypes A2A2 and BB (loci CSN2 and CSN3) do not have a negative impact on the milk productivity of their carriers. We consider it expedient for domestic breeding enterprises that sell sperm products of Ayrshire bulls to increase the share of producers with genotypes A2A2 (CSN2 locus), AB and BB (CSN3 locus).

Structure of the holstein dairy cattle subpopulation in Russia by locus CSN2 and CSN3

2022 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
N. Kovalyuk ◽  
N. Altukhova ◽  
M. Glushchenko ◽  
A. Solovykh
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Gene Frequency ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Krasnodar Krai ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
Domestic Breeding

Purpose: to determine the potential of the Russian subpopulation of the Holstein breed in relation to selection by loci of beta-and kappa-casein.Materials and methods. For loci CSN2 and CSN3, 1,539 Holstein cattle were genotyped, including 1,242 cows and heifers and 297 sires, and information on CSN2 and CSN3 genotypes of 297 US bulls was analyzed (World Wide Sires, Ltd).Results. It has been established that in the last two years there has been an increase in the percentage of sires in WWS with CSN2 genotypes A2A2 and CSN3 genotypes BB. Thus, sires allele frequency in the 2019 catalog was 0.51 and 0.29, respectively; and in the 2021 catalog was 0.68 and 0.31, respectively.Genotyped sires of domestic breeding organizations, which are mostly foreign origin, were characterized by predominance of the A2 allele CSN2; in this group the frequency of the allele was 0.63. However, the CSN3 B allele in the group of sires belonging to domestic organizations was found with a frequency of 0.34, which is 1.6 times lower than that of sires of American origin.In the genotyped group of Holstein cows and heifers (n = 1242) belonging to 3 large farms in the Krasnodar Krai, the gene frequency CSN2 allele A2 was minimal (0.57), and the CSN3 allele B (0.40) was higher than the allele frequency in the sires group of domestic breeding enterprises.Conclusion. At present, Russian breeding enterprises and farms are lagging behind in these indicators, however, by conducting targeted selection in accordance with the indicated trend, by selecting the appropriate breeding bulls, it is possible in the next generation to increase the proportion of animals carrying valuable genotypes.

ВЛИЯНИЕ БИОКОНСЕРВАНТА «СИЛОСТАН» НА КАЧЕСТВО СЕНАЖА ИЗ КОЗЛЯТНИКА ВОСТОЧНОГО И СЫРОПРИГОДНОСТЬ МОЛОКА КОРОВ

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
A.S. KARAMAEVA ◽  
N.V. SOBOLEVA ◽  
S.V. KARAMAEV
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Ayrshire Breed ◽  
Milk Coagulation ◽  
Dry Substance

От породы коров и ее особенностей зависят эффективность использования кормов, качество и технологические свойства молока. Материалом исследований служили коровы чернопестрой голштинской и айрширской пород. Для повышения качества сенажа из козлятника восточного использовали микробиологический препарат. В готовом корме с биоконсервантом содержание сухого вещества было выше на 3,66, обменной энергии на 8,04, сырого протеина на 10,86, переваримого протеина на 13,59. Улучшение качества корма оказало положительное влияние на метаболические процессы в рубце подопытных коров. Независимо от технологии приготовления сенажа коровы айрширской породы лучше переваривали, по сравнению с голштинами, сухое вещество на 2,062,91 (Р0,05), органическое на 1,212,04 (Р0,05), сырой протеин на 2,222,49 (Р0,05), БЭВ на 0,921,36, но при этом голштины лучше переваривали сырой жир на 2,732,78 (Р0,05) и сырую клетчатку на 1,551,86. В результате внесения в сенаж биоконсерванта Силостан и улучшения переваримости корма у коров опытных групп значительно улучшился химический состав и технологические свойства молока. Очень важно для сыроделия, что в молоке коров, получавших в рационе сенаж с биоконсервантом, повышается массовая доля казеина на 2,42,7, а доля сывороточных белков и фракции казеина, которые не свертываются под действием сычужного фермента, наоборот, снижается на 1,41,5 и на 0,30,9, соответственно. Уменьшается продолжительность свертывания молока сычужным ферментом, снижаются потери сухого вещества с сывороткой, и увеличивается выход казеинового сгустка. Плотность казеинового сгустка повышается в молоке голштинских коров на 14,3, айрширских на 5,7 и составляет, соответственно, 1,92 и 2,96 г/см2.The efficiency of feed use, the quality, as well as technological properties of milk depend on cow breed and its characteristics. Blackandwhite Holstein and Ayrshire breeds were used as the material for research. Microbiological preparation was used to increase the quality of halyage made of Eastern galega. The content of dry substance in the readymade feed was 3.66 higher, the metabolizable energy 8.04 higher, raw protein 10.86 higher, and digestible protein 13.59. Improvement of feed quality positively influenced the metabolic processes in the rumen of experimental cows. Without regard to the technology of halyage preparation, cows of Ayrshire breed showed betterdigestion of dry substance by 2.06 2.91 (P0.05) than Holstein cows, organic substance by 1.21 2.04 (P0.05), raw protein by 2.22 2.49 (P0.05), nitrogenfree extractive fraction by 0.92 1.36, but Holstein breed showed better digestion of raw fat by 2.73 2.78 (P0.05) and raw fiber by 1.55 1.86. Chemical composition and technological properties of milk improved significantly as a result of addition of Silostan biopreservative to the halyage and improvement of feed digestibility in cows from test groups. The fact that the mass percentage of casein is increased by 2.4 2.7, and the share of serum proteins and ycasein fractions which do not coagulate under the influence of enzyme rennet is inversely decreased by 1.4 1.5 and 0.3 0.9, accordingly, is very important for cheese making. The duration of milk coagulation with rennet is decreased, the loss of dry substance with serum is decreased, and the yield of casein coagulate is increased. Density of casein coagulate is increased in the milk of Holstein cows by 14.3, Ayrshire cows by 5.7, and equals to 1.92 and 2.96 g/cm2, accordingly.

Genetic characteristics of the Pechora type of Kholmogorsky cattle based on microsatellites and DNA markers

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
S. V. Nikolayev
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Common Allele ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
F Statistics

The Pechora zonal type (PH-1) was obtained by absorbing crossbreeding of local Northern komolog cattle with the Kholmogorsky breed. Currently, Kholmogorsky cattle are on the verge of extinction, which is due to the widespread metisation of domestic Holstein breeds. The paper presents the characteristics of the allelofond of the Kholmogorsky herd of the Pechora type (n=66) by 11 polymorphic loci of microsatellites. It was found that the polymorphism of tandem repeats in the Pechora type of Kholmogorsky cattle is observed in all 11 loci, the most polymorphic is the tgla53 locus (10 alleles). The most common allele SPS115 248 occurs with a frequency of 0.606. The average number of alleles for 11 loci was 6.2, and the number of effective alleles was 3.4. the obtained indicators were compared with the values published for Yakut [1], Holstein [2, 3] and Ayrshire cattle [4]. It was found that the Pechora type of Kholmogorsky breed has a higher number of effective alleles than Yakut cattle (by 1.0), and lower than other breeds (by 0.3...1.6). Analysis of F-statistics showed that on average, the deviation of the actual heterozygosity from the expected one is insignificant Fis=-0.004, while other breeds, excluding the sample of Holstein bulls, had a more significant excess of heterozygotes. The smallest genetic distance of the studied population was established with the Holstein breed (d=0.221 to cows and d=0.200 to bulls). A more detailed genetic analysis of individual loci showed that the frequency of occurrence of alleles BM2113 Pechora type is closer to the Yakut (r=0.935) and Ayrshire (r=0.875) than to the Holstein breed (r=316...357).

scholarly journals Frequency of occurrence of numbers in the World Wide Web

2006 ◽  
Vol 360 (2) ◽  
pp. 548-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Dorogovtsev ◽  
J.F.F. Mendes ◽  
J.G. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
The World

scholarly journals Changes in the genealogical structure of the brown swiss cattle during breeding

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Svetlana Alekseevna Rusanova ◽  
Mikhail Eliseevich Gontov ◽  
Dmitry Nikolaevich Koltsov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Jersey Cattle ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Brown Swiss Cattle ◽  
Domestic Breeding

The population of the Brown Swiss cattle is differentiated into 12 lines and related groups, 65.2% of which are animals of the genealogical groups Meridian 90827, Master 106902, Concentrate 106157 and Hill 76059. Animals belonging to the line Nevod 3313 have disappeared. Total number of Brown Swiss  animals in the lines of Amur 3033, Baro 18, Sector 4272-about 1.5%, in the line of R’yany 1318-0.03%. There is an accumulation of genetic material of the Brown Swiss breed of American selection and the displacement of genes that were possessed by animals of the local Brown Swiss cattle of domestic selection. For this reason, alleles B1G2QT1A`1P`, B1I`Q', I1E`3G`G``1 are eliminated from the breed, their frequency of occurrence in the herd is 0.005 or less. Marker EAB alleles B1G2QT1A`1P`  and B1I`Q' in the Baro 18 line were detected in 5.1% and 6.4% of animals, respectively, in the Amur 3033 line I1E`3G`G``1 is found in 15% of offspring. In 2018, 61 EAB locus alleles were identified in the lines, their number varies from 15 (line Laddi 125640) to 56 (line Meridian 90827). Studies have shown that the largest distribution (more than 60%) is characterized by EAB alleles of American selection, especially B1P2Y2G`Y`, B2G2KY2E`1F`2O`G``1, B2O3Y2A`2E`2G`P`Q`Y`, G3O1T1Y2E`3F`2G``2, I1Y2E`2G`I`G``1 (?q=0.479). The G2E`3F`2O` allele is extremely rare. EAB-alleles characteristic of domestic breeding were detected in 35% of animals. Among them, G1O` (0.067) and the recessive EAB b allele (0.106) are widely distributed. Alleles B1I1T1A`1P`, B1I`P`, B2P2T2P`B``, I`Q`, P2(E`3)I`  are eliminated from the breed (?q < 1%). Alleles of the Jersey cattle were found with a frequency of 0.046.The alleles G2O2E`2I`  (line Hill 76059 – 20.5%) and O2E`2G``1 (line Meridian 90827 – 4.3%) were widely distributed.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ ПОПУЛЯЦИИ ЧЕРНО-ПЕСТРОГО СКОТА НА УРАЛЕ

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
S.V. MYMRIN ◽  
O.A. TKACHUK ◽  
L.A. KALUGINA
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Genomic Evaluation ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Female Line

Повышение экономической эффективности разведения племенной популяции чернопестрого скота в Уральском регионе неизменно сопряжено со сложной селекционной работой по увеличению продуктивной жизни коров. Использование научно обоснованной системы выращивания молодняка и нанотехнологий должно быть направлено на поддержание репродуктивной функции племенного поголовья. При подборе быков необходимо учитывать качество предков быка по женской линии с учетом показателей продуктивности, продолжительности жизни и других функциональных характеристик, определяющих экономическую эффективность производства. Генофонд Уральского типа чернопестрой породы содержит аллели, характерные как для голштинской, так и для чернопестрой породы. С увеличением крови частота встречаемости аллелей улучшаемой породы не уменьшается, точно так же как и не происходит увеличения частоты встречаемости аллелей улучшающей породы.The increase of economic efficiency of breeding populations of blackandwhite cattle in the Ural region to be challenging selection work to increase of productive life of cows. The use of sciencebased system of rearing young and nanotechnology should be aimed at maintaining the reproductive function of the breeding stock. When selecting bulls, it is necessary to study the quality of the ancestors of the bull in the female line, taking into account the indicators of productivity, life expectancy and other functional characteristics that determine the economic efficiency of production. Scientific studies have shown that the correlation between the productivity of genomic evaluation and the improving effect of daughters of the bull ranges from15 to 15. The allele population of cattle blackmotley breed of the Ural type holsteinized contain alleles typical for improving (Holstein) breed and improved (blackandwhite) breed. With the increase in blood, the frequency of occurrence of alleles of the improved breed does not decrease, exactly as, and there is no increase in the frequency of occurrence of alleles of the improved breed.

GENETIC TRENDS AND SELECTION IN A DAIRY CATTLE HERD

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Burnside ◽  
J. C. Rennie ◽  
G. H. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Genetic Trend ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Ayrshire Breed ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Class Average ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
The University

Lactation records completed by 104 Holstein and 51 Ayrshire cows in the University of Guelph herd, in 1955 to 1965 inclusive, revealed a steady improvement in each breed for milk and fat yield. Maximum likelihood constants for environmental change indicated an annual increase of 3.9 and 4.0 breed age-class average (BCA) points for milk, and 2.2 and 2.3 BCA points for fat yield for the Holstein and Ayrshire breeds, respectively. In contrast, fat percent showed an equally strong negative environmental trend of −0.05 and −0.07% annually for the Holstein and Ayrshire breeds. The annual genetic trend in the Holstein breed was insignificant, in contrast to significant positive estimates of 1.3 BCA milk, 1.7 BCA fat, and 0.03% fat for the Ayrshire breed. The weighted average within-year difference in breeding value between dams that left female offspring and all cows making records in a given year was generally small, averaging +0.77 and +0.08 BCA points, respectively, for the Holstein and Ayrshire breeds. The weighted average superiority in breeding value for milk of sires of females in the Holstein and Ayrshire breeds was +0.04 and +1.56 BCA points, respectively. The significant positive rate of genetic improvement for milk yield in the Ayrshire herd was attributed to more extensive use of AI sires with high breeding values for milk production.

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