Systems for assuring safety of static firing tests of oxygen/hydrogen propulsion units

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Ayvengo G. GALEEV ◽  
Fedor A. EGOROV ◽  
Aleksandr D. POLYAKHOV ◽  
Vladimir T. POTAPOV ◽  
Nikolay P. SIZYAKOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Emergency Protection ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Fiber Optic Technology ◽  
Propellant Tank ◽  
Firing Tests ◽  
Additional Safety

Static firing tests of oxygen-hydrogen propulsion units with propellant tank load of up to 2700 kg of hydrogen are run with special safety precautions and using emergency test protection system covering up to 60% of contingencies. Test on propulsion units with higher hydrogen propellant loads (up to 7000 kg) require additional safety measures, based on improved effectiveness of the fire and explosion prevention systems, emergency protection, and the coverage ratio for emergency (off-nominal) situations. The key factors for improving off-nominal situations coverage ratio during tests are research into systems for earlier detection of hydrogen leaks and the use of inhibitors with nitrogen as the phlegmatizing agent to prevent explosion of the hydrogen/air (oxygen) mixtures. The paper presents results of studies into systems for early detection of hydrogen leaks and design of monitoring equipment based on fiber optics and microcavity structures that have higher speed of response, selectivity, immunity to noise and reliability. Key words: propulsion system, safety, emergency protection system, off-nominal situation, hydrogen leak, fiber-optic technology.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Gutting Blue Whiting (Micromesistius poutassou, Risso, 1827), in Spanish Supermarkets as an Anisakidosis Safety Measure

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Ana Elena Ahuir-Baraja ◽  
Lola Llobat ◽  
Maria Magdalena Garijo
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Blue Whiting ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Additional Safety

Anisakidosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease which can cause gastroallergic reactions in humans. In 2010, the European Food Safety Agency estimated that approximately 20,000 cases of anisakiasis had been reported across the world, with Spain having the highest number of infections in Europe. The blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou, Risso, 1827) is one of the most widely fished species worldwide and represents around 25% of the white fish eaten in Spain. The Spanish Food Safety Authority requires obligatory evisceration of certain fish species before commercialization, but not for blue whiting. Nevertheless, some supermarkets carry this out themselves to prevent human infections and negative customer reactions deriving from the presence of ascaridoid larvae. To assess the effectiveness of eviscerations at supermarkets, a total of 320 blue whiting specimens were examined. The risk of larval migration from the visceral cavity to the musculature in gutted and ungutted fish was also assessed. Our results showed a total prevalence (25%) of ascaridoids in fish gutted at the supermarket, and a direct relationship was found between the presence of larvae in the muscle and time until evisceration. In ungutted fish, the standard length and weight were higher for infected than for non-infected fish. Also, massive infections had a higher prevalence in these larger specimens, in which the viability of larvae was also high. Larval viability was not found to be affected by a 24-h refrigeration period. Anisakis was the most prevalent genus identified in the fish examined. The results indicate that gutting at the supermarket is not an effective method for the total removal of ascaridoid larvae and that additional safety measures are advisable.

scholarly journals Monitoring the Impact of the Large Building Investments on the Neighborhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6537
Author(s):  
Marian Łupieżowiec
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Deep Excavation ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Building ◽  
Additional Safety ◽  
Made In

The article presents the concept of monitoring buildings and infrastructure elements located near large construction investments (the construction of high-rise buildings of the Oak Terraces housing estate in Katowice and the construction of a tunnel under the roundabout in Katowice along the intercity express road DTŚ). The impacts include deep excavation, lowering of the groundwater level over a large area, and dynamic influences related to the use of impact methods of soil improvement. The presented monitoring includes observation of the groundwater level with the use of piezometers, geodetic measurements of settlement and inclinations, as well as the measurement of vibration amplitudes generated during the works involving shocks and vibrations. It was also important to observe the development of cracks on the basis of a previously made inventory of damage. The results of the monitoring allow corrections to be made in the technology of works (e.g., reduction of vibration amplitudes, application of additional protections at excavations, etc.) or the use additional safety measures. Currently, there are also monitoring systems used during the operation of completed facilities.

PC based SCADA system and additional safety measures for small desalination plants

Desalination ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Avlonitis ◽  
M. Pappas ◽  
K. Moutesidis ◽  
D. Avlonitis ◽  
K. Kouroumbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Measures ◽  
Scada System ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
Additional Safety

Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems in agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (106) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
A. Semenov ◽  
T. Sakhno ◽  
Y. Sakhno
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Labor Safety ◽  
Uv Lamps ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Additional Safety

Purpose: The article aims to study the photobiological safety of ultraviolet radiation of UV lamps in agriculture. Design/methodology/approach: The research and analysis of the lighting characteristics of samples of LUF 80 and LE 30 lamps, which are the most widely used in the agrarian complex. Findings: Experimental studies have shown that the photobiological safety of LUF 80 lamps belongs to the low-risk group RG1, while LE 30 lamps show high risk and are thus assigned to group RG3. Research limitations/implications: It is advisable to continue studying the characteristics of lamps and lamp systems for various fields of agriculture on the market in Ukraine to assess their compliance with safety requirements. Practical implications: The application of the proposed approach allows increasing the level of labor safety in commercial greenhouses or any other industry by choosing the suitable lamps for agriculture that at present are not regulated by additional safety measures. Originality/value: The originality of the article is showing the results of the experimental data of the studies of light-technical characteristics of ultraviolet lamps for agriculture.

scholarly journals Trauma Mechanisms and Injuries Associated with Go-Karting

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan H. Eker ◽  
Esther M.M Van Lieshout ◽  
Dennis Den Hartog ◽  
Inger B Schipper
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
High Index ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Associated Injuries ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Additional Safety

Annually, approximately 600 patients seek medical attention after go-kart accidents in the Netherlands. A large variability in injury patterns can be encountered. Knowledge of the trauma mechanisms of go-kart accidents and insight into the associated injuries is limited and requires improvement. Such additional knowledge may lead to customized trauma protocols for patients with a high index of suspicion on go-kart injuries. Research into trauma mechanisms may also lead to implementation of improved or additional safety measures for go-karting, involving both the go-karts itself as well as prerequisites to the go-kart tracks and qualifications for the drivers. The main trauma mechanisms involved in gokart accidents, and three cases to illustrate the variety of injuries are described in the current manuscript.

scholarly journals A Potent and Effective SuicidalListeriaVaccine Platform

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Hanson ◽  
Erin L. Benanti ◽  
Edward E. Lemmens ◽  
Weiqun Liu ◽  
Justin Skoble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Vaccine Platform ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Immunocompromised Mice ◽  
Additional Safety

ABSTRACTLive-attenuatedListeria monocytogeneshas shown encouraging potential as an immunotherapy platform in preclinical and clinical settings. However, additional safety measures will enable application across malignant and infectious diseases. Here, we describe a new vaccine platform, termed Lm-RIID (L. monocytogenesrecombinase-induced intracellular death), that induces the deletion of genes required for bacterial viability yet maintains potent T cell responses to encoded antigens. Lm-RIID grows normally in broth but commits suicide inside host cells by inducing Cre recombinase and deleting essential genes flanked byloxPsites, resulting in a self-limiting infection even in immunocompromised mice. Lm-RIID vaccination of mice induces potent CD8+T cells and protects against virulent challenges, similar to liveL. monocytogenesvaccines. When combined with α-PD-1, Lm-RIID is as effective as live-attenuatedL. monocytogenesin a therapeutic tumor model. This impressive efficacy, together with the increased clearance rate, makes Lm-RIID ideal for prophylactic immunization against diseases that require T cells for protection.

scholarly journals Safety Related Challenges when Designing Sustainable Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. p25
Author(s):  
Göran Nygren ◽  
Björn Yndemark ◽  
Johan Lundin
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Passive Protection ◽  
Combustible Gas ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Additional Safety

The transition towards sustainable city planning is challenging from many perspectives, e.g. the speed of development towards fossil free fuels and updating of regulations for controlling risk in the transport infrastructure do not manage to keep an even pace. This applies both at the detailed level regarding technical design requirements and on a more comprehensive performance level of safety objectives that can be verified to confirm compliance with society's safety objectives. This paper presents challenges, experiences and results in connection with the analysis of the risks associated with an underground bus terminal operated with gas-powered buses. A risk analysis approach used in an ongoing project in the final stage of the planning process, which makes it possible to discuss experiences and difficulties based on work in practice. Two main types of injury are studied; fire and explosion, where people can be exposed to both high temperatures, toxic smoke, radiation, pressure waves and impact by flying debris. Fire, may occur with ignition of combustible gas mixture (in air). It can be noted that an underground bus terminal operated by gas-powered buses constitutes a complex facility from a risk perspective and that the risk level without special consideration for additional safety measures is expected to be high. Therefore, a safety concept is required that is balanced between different types of measures, such as supervision, control and safety enhancing installations as well as inherent passive protection.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity in Approaches for Switching From Universal to Patient ABO Type-Specific Blood Components During Massive Hemorrhage: An International Survey and Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Karafin ◽  
Joanne L. Becker ◽  
Mary Berg ◽  
Robert A. DeSimone ◽  
Nicole L. Draper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proficiency Test ◽  
Massive Hemorrhage ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Strength Criteria ◽  
Mixed Field ◽  
Additional Safety

Context.— ABO mistransfusions are rare and potentially fatal events. Protocols are required by regulatory agencies to minimize this risk to patients, but how these are applied in the context of massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) is not specifically defined. Objective.— To evaluate the approaches used by transfusion services for switching from universally compatible to patient ABO type-specific blood components during massive hemorrhage. Design.— We added 1 supplemental multiple-choice question to address the study objective to the 2019 College of American Pathologists proficiency test J-survey (J-A 2019). We also reviewed the available literature regarding this topic. Results.— A total of 881 laboratories responded to the supplemental question. Approximately 80% (704 of 881) report a policy for ABO-type switching during an MTP. Policies varied considerably between responding laboratories, but most (384 of 704, 55%) required 2 ABO types to match before switching from universal to recipient-specific blood components. Additional safety measures used in a minority of these protocols included reaction strength criteria (103 of 704, 15%), on-call medical director approval (41 0f 704, 5.8%), universal red cell unit number limits (12 of 704, 1.7%), or the presence of a mixed field (3 of 704, 0.4%). Conclusions.— This survey reveals that significant heterogeneity exists regarding the available approaches for ABO-type switching during an MTP. Specific expert guidance regarding this issue is very limited, and best practices have not yet been established or rigorously investigated.

Spannungsrißkorrosion von Spannstahl - Vorstellung einer neuen Untersuchungsmethode / Stress corrosion of prestressing steel reinforcement - Presentation of a new test method

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
G. König ◽  
R. Krumbach ◽  
A. Heyn
Keyword(s):  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Electrochemical Noise ◽  
Steel Reinforcement ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Prestressing Steel ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Additional Safety

Abstract The origin of the susceptiblility of prestressing steel reinforcement with respect to stress corrosion and the observed failure mechanisms can be described 'in detail. So far, however, no precise method exists to determine the sensitivity of prestressing reinforcement or to distinguish different types of steel with respect to their susceptiblility for stress corrosion. This fact leads not only to prejudices in practice but also to additional safety measures (f.e. robust reinforcement), which implies economical consequences. The aim of a cooperation project between the Institute of Concrete Structures and Building Materials Technology at Leipzig University and the Institute for Materials Technology and Testing at Otto-von-Guericke- University Magdeburrg is to develop a general acceptable test method which provides us quickly with meaningful results. It turned out that the observation of electrochemical noise is a promising method to study stress corrosion of prestressing steel reinforcement. This method can be applied both in laboratory testing and under site conditions and can therefore also serve as a basis for corrosion monitoring.

Implementation of Fiber Optic Technology in Naval Combatants

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Robert M. Morais
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Ship Design ◽  
System Element ◽  
Fiber Optic Technology ◽  
Design And Construction

This paper provides a summary of activities and developments that directly impacted the implementation of fiber optics on naval combatants. The paper concludes that the benefits are clear, that the technology has matured, and that implementation as a system element in ship design and construction is accelerating. The paper also includes a short tutorial on the basic elements of a fiber optic link as well as the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of fiber optics.

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