Psychoacoustic evaluation of soundscapes by means of repeated measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. 5485-5490
Author(s):  
Andre Fiebig
Keyword(s):  
Human Perception ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
General Behavior ◽  
Acoustic Environments ◽  
Sound Character

Research on soundscape explore facets of how acoustic environments affect human perception in context. By means of psychoacoustic parameters the sound character of acoustic environments can be described comprehensively as those parameters play an important role with respect to manifold auditory sensations. Although there seems to be a consensus of the benefit of psychoacoustics for soundscape evaluations and the ISO/TS 12913-2 particularly requests to give consideration to psychoacoustic indicators in soundscape investigations rather little is known about the relationships between psychoacoustic quantities and significant soundscape dimensions. Numerous investigations aimed to establish links between psychoacoustics and soundscape appraisal, but the gained results were often not suited for generalization. Moreover, it is rather unclear how urban locations vary in their sound character over longer periods and how the level of variation drives soundscape assessments. In order to establish an understanding of potential psychoacoustic characterization of urban locations for soundscape evaluations, repeated measurements of different locations are analyzed and the general behavior of psychoacoustic quantities derived. Based on these investigations it is intended to expand knowledge on the usefulness of psychoacoustics from the perspective of the soundscape approach.

scholarly journals Recording Meta-Soundscapes: Synchronized multi-frame audio field-recording at a large spatial scale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dunn ◽  
David Kant ◽  
Matthew Mitchell ◽  
Ryan Page ◽  
Greg Sullo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Microphone Arrays ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
Wireless Broadcast ◽  
Sound Fields ◽  
Field Recording ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Acoustic Environments

As an investigation into alternatives to the predominant assumptions of conventional audio recording, the described research has sought to explore how field-recording of very large outdoor acoustic environments might be achieved. This was accomplished through real-time multi-channel recording from multiple locations using several surround microphone arrays, synchronized with wireless broadcast of conventional timecode. Such locations were as large as a half-mile in diameter. The resultant recordings of extended sound-fields represent complex auditory networks that are otherwise impossible for normal human perception to experience. The applicable technical details are outlined and several examples of their deployment put forth. Contrasting considerations for the application of these recording techniques to predominantly non-human versus anthropocentric sound environments are discussed. While this paper largely constitutes a report on preliminary investigations, it necessitates a broader discussion beyond its technical methods. A variety of aesthetic, perceptual, and scientific implications (including both explored and potential analytical methods) are presented as are strategies for multi-channel playback of the resultant recordings in installation venues or as binaurally encoded audio for headphone monitoring.

MEALY MULTISET AUTOMATA

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 111-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
GABRIEL CIOBANU ◽  
MIHAI GONTINEAC
Keyword(s):  
Direct Product ◽  
P Systems ◽  
Sequential Behavior ◽  
General Behavior ◽  
Membrane Automata ◽  
And Behavior

In this paper we introduce and study Mealy multiset automata, presenting some useful properties of multisets and comparing various approaches. We present the notions of bisimulation, observability, and behavior for Mealy multiset automata. We give a characterization of the bisimulation relation between two Mealy multiset automata, and a result relating their general behavior and sequential behavior. We define cascade and direct product of Mealy multiset automata. Then we introduce Mealy membrane automata corresponding to elementary P systems.

scholarly journals Chemical and Sensorial Characterization of Scented and Non-Scented Alstroemeria Hybrids

Horticulturae ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Danilo Aros ◽  
Macarena Suazo ◽  
Marcela Medel ◽  
Cristina Ubeda
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
Sensorial Analysis ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Important Character

Floral scent plays an important ecological role attracting pollinators. Its composition has been elucidated for a vast diversity of species and is dominated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, phenylpropanoids and benzenoid compounds. Considering that floral scent is also an important character for the ornamental plant market, this study was aimed at characterizing and comparing the molecular composition of scented and non-scented alstroemeria flowers. Confirmation of floral scent was performed through sensorial analysis, while GC-MS analysis detected monoterpenes and esters as major volatile organic compounds (VOCs). A total of 19 and 17 VOCs were detected in the scented hybrids 13M07 and 14E07, respectively. The non-scented hybrid 13B01 shared 14 VOCs with the scented hybrids, although it showed different relative concentrations. Comparison between scented and non-scented hybrids suggests that diversity and amounts of VOCs are likely due to the ecological role of scent, while the human perception of floral scent is not strictly related to the VOC profile.

Rapid Thermal Characterization of the High Thermal Conductivity Film Layers by the Film-on Substrate Technique

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Sadegh M. Sadeghipour ◽  
Mehdi Asheghi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
High Thermal Conductivity ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Heat Spreader

Lack of an efficient thermal management strategy and system can often lead to overall system failure in advanced microprocessors. This can be avoided by utilization of the high thermal conductivity materials, as heat spreader/sink, in compact packaging systems. The diamondlike dielectric materials, such as diamond, silicon nitride (Si3N4), aluminum nitride (AlN), silicon carbide (SiC), etc., are the likely choices. However, thermal characterization of such high thermal conductivity materials has proven to be challenging due to variations in the fabrication processes and, therefore, their microstructures as well as the practical difficulties in measuring small temperature gradients during the characterization. In this paper, we will report on a novel film on substrate technique that can be used conveniently for repeated measurements of the lateral thermal conductivity of the high thermal conductivity film layers, with thicknesses between 100 and 500μm.

Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
B. L. Soloff ◽  
T. A. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Lysogenic Culture ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

AEM analysis of crystallization in Ti-based amorphous alloys

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
A.R. Pelton ◽  
A.F. Marshall ◽  
Y.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Isothermal Annealing ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties

Amorphous materials are of current interest due to their desirable mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Furthermore, crystallizing amorphous alloys provides an avenue for discerning sequential and competitive phases thus allowing access to otherwise inaccessible crystalline structures. Previous studies have shown the benefits of using AEM to determine crystal structures and compositions of partially crystallized alloys. The present paper will discuss the AEM characterization of crystallized Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti amorphous films.Cu60Ti40: The amorphous alloy Cu60Ti40, when continuously heated, forms a simple intermediate, macrocrystalline phase which then transforms to the ordered, equilibrium Cu3Ti2 phase. However, contrary to what one would expect from kinetic considerations, isothermal annealing below the isochronal crystallization temperature results in direct nucleation and growth of Cu3Ti2 from the amorphous matrix.

Characterization of Coherent, Ordered Precipitates in Nickel-Base Alloys

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
B. H. Kear ◽  
J. M. Oblak
Keyword(s):  
Stable Phase ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Alloy 718 ◽  
Commercial Alloy ◽  
Precipitate Morphology ◽  
Continuous Precipitation ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Base Superalloy ◽  
Strengthening Precipitate

A nickel-base superalloy is essentially a Ni/Cr solid solution hardened by additions of Al (Ti, Nb, etc.) to precipitate a coherent, ordered phase. In most commercial alloy systems, e.g. B-1900, IN-100 and Mar-M200, the stable precipitate is Ni3 (Al,Ti) γ′, with an LI2structure. In A lloy 901 the normal precipitate is metastable Nis Ti3 γ′ ; the stable phase is a hexagonal Do2 4 structure. In Alloy 718 the strengthening precipitate is metastable γ″, which has a body-centered tetragonal D022 structure.Precipitate MorphologyIn most systems the ordered γ′ phase forms by a continuous precipitation re-action, which gives rise to a uniform intragranular dispersion of precipitate particles. For zero γ/γ′ misfit, the γ′ precipitates assume a spheroidal.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

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