scholarly journals EKPHRASIS AND META-EKPHRASIS IN JULIAN BARNES’S ESSAY “GÉRICAULT: CATASTROPHE INTO ART”: A COGNITIVE POETIC ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
T. LUNYOVA
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Integration ◽  
Cognitive Poetics ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Visual Texts ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Original Idea ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Semantic Interaction

The article discusses the semantic aspects of ekphrasis and meta-ekphrasis in Julian Barnes’s essay “Géricault: Catastrophe into Art” from the cognitive poetics perspective. In his essay, Barnes dwells upon the history and interpretations of Géricault’s masterpiece which represents the survivors of the wreck of a French frigate in 1816. The aim of the study is to reveal the semantic integration of ekphrastic contexts (those parts of the essay which provide description of a painting) and meta-ekphrastic contexts (those parts of the essay which are not descriptions of a painting per se, however they only develop their meaning in connection with ekphrastic contexts). The article suggests using the term meta-ekphrasis to account for the textual contexts which while being semantically related to ekphrasis, do not offer a painting description but a narration about some events related with the painting or ideas inspired by looking at the painting. Used in this meaning, the term meta-ekphrasis is utilised in the paper to reveal the development of Barnes’s original idea about tragedy and art in his essay. The research is grounded in cognitive poetic approach to ekphrasis and employs cognitive poetic instruments of analysis. It presents the results which demonstrate that the main cognitive poetic means that ensure semantic interaction of ekphrastic and meta-ekphrastic contexts in Barnes’s essay are the following: dialogism, hypothetical modality and conceptual metaphors with the source domain of SEA NAVIGATION. It is the semantic integrity of ekphrastic and meta-ekphrastic contexts in Barnes’s essay that allows the writer to present his unconventional treatment of tragedy as being purposeful since it produces art. The article can be of interest to the scholars of sematic interaction between verbal and visual texts as well as cognitive poetic facets of prose texts.

What Time Does in Language: a Cross-Linguistic Cognitive Study of Source Related Variation in Verbal Time Metaphors in American English, Finnish and Hungarian

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-238
Author(s):  
Zsuzsa Máthé
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
American English ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Metaphorical Language ◽  
Related Variation ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Cognitive Study

"What Time Does in Language: a Cross-Linguistic Cognitive Study of Source Related Variation in Verbal Time Metaphors in American English, Finnish and Hungarian. Such a universal yet abstract concept as time shows variation in metaphorical language. This research focuses on metaphorical language within the framework of the cognitive metaphor theory, investigating time through a contrastive cross-linguistic approach in three satellite-framed languages. By combining qualitative and quantitative methods, this study attempts to identify what time does in language in a metaphorical context, with a focus on verbs in causative constructions (e.g. time heals) as well as manner of motion verbs (e.g. time rushes), through an empirical corpus-based study complemented by the lexical approach. The two main conceptual metaphors that are investigated in this study are TIME IS A CHANGER and TIME IS A MOVING ENTITY. While these two conceptual metaphors are expected to be frequent in all three languages, differences such as negative/positive asymmetry or preference of a type of motion over another are expected to be found. The primary objective is to explore such differences and see how they manifest and why. The hypothesis is that variations among the three languages related to the source domain (CHANGER and MOVING ENTITY), are more likely to be internal and not external. The purpose is to investigate these variations and to determine what cognitive underpinnings they can be traced back to, with a focus on image schemas. The study reveals that source internal variation does prevail over source external variation. The results show that cross-linguistic differences of such a relevant concept as time do exist but more often through unique characteristics of the same source domain rather than new, distinctive domains. Keywords: cognitive linguistics, corpus linguistics, conceptual metaphor theory, metaphorical entailments, source domain "

Iranian EFL Learners' Cognitive Styles and Their Explanations of Conceptual Metaphors

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Somaye Piri ◽  
Dara Tafazoli
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Metaphor Processing

The current study aims to investigate Iranian EFL learners' cognitive styles and their explanations of conceptual metaphors, offering a possible range of individual differences in metaphor processing. 71 participants were asked to explain some established conceptual metaphors that are commonly used in English. Then, their cognitive styles were classified into “analytic” or “holistic” and “imager” or “verbalizer” by means of cognitive styles test. Data analysis revealed that 29 participants (40.85%) explained the three conceptual metaphors by making structural correspondences between source and target domain. Moreover, 20 participants (28.17%) explained at least one of the metaphors by applying elements which were not part of the source domain. The results of the experiment revealed that learners with “holistic” cognitive styles were more likely to blend their conception of the target domain with the source domain in comparison to participants with “analytic” styles; also, “imagers” were more likely than “verbalizers” to refer to stereotypical images to explain the metaphors.

scholarly journals Event-related Potential Evidence on the Influence of Accentuation in Spoken Discourse Comprehension in Chinese

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 906-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Li ◽  
Peter Hagoort ◽  
Yufang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Integration ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Discourse Comprehension ◽  
Discourse Context ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
N400 Amplitude ◽  
Amplitude Difference ◽  
New Information ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Critical Words

In an event-related potential experiment with Chinese discourses as material, we investigated how and when accentuation influences spoken discourse comprehension in relation to the different information states of the critical words. These words could either provide new or old information. It was shown that variation of accentuation influenced the amplitude of the N400, with a larger amplitude for accented than for deaccented words. In addition, there was an interaction between accentuation and information state. The N400 amplitude difference between accented and deaccented new information was smaller than that between accented and deaccented old information. The results demonstrate that, during spoken discourse comprehension, listeners rapidly extract the semantic consequences of accentuation in relation to the previous discourse context. Moreover, our results show that the N400 amplitude can be larger for correct (new, accented words) than incorrect (new, deaccented words) information. This, we argue, proves that the N400 does not react to semantic anomaly per se, but rather to semantic integration load, which is higher for new information.

‘Man the hunter’: a critical reading of hunt-based conceptual metaphors of love and sexual desire

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
María D. López Maestre
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Critical Attention

AbstractWithin the cognitive linguistics literature, many publications have dealt with conceptual metaphors about love and sexual desire (Lakoff 1987; Kövecses 2003; Barcelona 1992, 1995; Emanatian 1995, 1996.) However, a source domain that has not received the attention it merits is that of the hunt. This source domain deserves to be studied not only because of the interest in the conceptual metaphors it generates, but primarily because of the ideology and cultural values behind it. For this reason, applying a combined methodology based on cognitive linguistics and critical discourse analysis (Charteris-Black 2004; Goatly 2007), this article explores the use of the source domain of the hunt for the expression of love and sexual desire in metaphorical linguistic expressions with male hunters and female prey, paying critical attention to discourse and the ideologies about gender that are conveyed.

scholarly journals A ‘wind of change’—shaping public opinion of the Arab Spring using metaphors

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i142-i149
Author(s):  
Alexandra Núñez ◽  
Malte Gerloff ◽  
Erik-Lân Do Dinh ◽  
Andrea Rapp ◽  
Petra Gehring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Detection System ◽  
African Region ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Linguistic Strategies ◽  
The Arab Spring

Abstract Newspapers create publicity, draw attention to topics, and try to gain thematic acceptance from the reader. To achieve this, they use linguistic strategies and select culturally and historically evolved encyclopedic knowledge sources. In our pilot study we explore the presentation of the events in the Middle East–North African region between December 2010 and November 2011 that were soon metaphorically framed as the Arab Spring. To this end, we use a text corpus consisting of 300 opinion pieces from five national German newspapers. To get access to the conceptual knowledge structure and the linguistic strategies, we combine text mining methods and cognitive linguistics. We focus on conceptual metaphors (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980) and their binary source–target structure, where the source domain reveals the underlying conceptual knowledge structures of the speaker. This research focus is justified by the omnipresence of political abstract nouns and by the consistency of metaphors—in particular, genitive metaphor constructions—within the corpus. We first annotate parts of our corpus for such metaphors. Then, additional genitive metaphors are automatically extracted using an adapted metaphor detection system. Finally, we use a clustering algorithm to group the metaphors by source domain. In the following manual cluster analysis, we show that conceptual metaphors are being used throughout the corpus in a systematic way to implicitly categorize and assess the Arab Spring.

scholarly journals A Cognitive-Semantic Study of Conceptual Metaphors in English News Reports

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Hoshang Farooq Jawad ◽  
Aram Kamil Noori
Keyword(s):  
Life Experiences ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Political News ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Conversational Language

This study explores how the development of the conceptual metaphor theory opened new horizons into the way language can be manipulated in the portrayal of the world and our immediate and distant environment of which news, including political news are part. Moreover, political news is the most pervasive type we continually come into contact in our daily communication.  Conceptual metaphor is a relation between two conceptual domains, namely, source domain which is concrete, and target domain which is abstract. For example, ARGUMENT IS WAR. We conceptualize and understand "ARGUMENT", the target domain, in terms of "WAR", and the source domain via a process called "mapping". The goal of the study is to carry out a cognitive analysis of conceptual metaphors used in political news reports and how reports of the two newspapers construe political issues reflected in their reports. Accordingly, the study aims to provide answers to such questions as:  How common are conceptual metaphors in English news reports of the online political register?  What types of conceptual metaphors are used in news reports in English newspapers?  How conceptual metaphors are experimentally based to human beings' life experiences? Based upon these research questions, it is hypothesized that Conceptual metaphors are argued to be as common in the news reports of the political register as they are in daily conversational language. Some types of conceptual metaphors are argued to be more common than others in the register in question. Moreover, all the conceptual metaphors are argued to have experiential bases which are related to our life experiences. Index Terms— conceptual metaphor, source domain, target domain, invariance principle, news reports.

scholarly journals Variation in embodied metaphors: a contrastive analysis of taste metaphors in Spanish and English

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Julio Torres Soler
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Bodily Experiences ◽  
Mixed Approach

Whereas in the late 90s the universal character of many embodied conceptual metaphors was overemphasised, in the last years some authors have claimed that culture plays a crucial role in the motivation of all kinds of conceptual metaphors, including those grounded on universal bodily experiences. In order to shed some light on this issue, we carry out a contrastive analysis of conceptual metaphors with basic tastes as a source domain in Spanish and in English. To this end, we employ a mixed approach, combining data from dictionaries and linguistic corpora. Our analysis reveals that variation is higher at the level of linguistic expression and lower, but still significant, at the conceptual level. Although most taste metaphors are shared by Spanish and English, a few language-specific conceptual metaphors are also found, proving that food culture has an influence on the motivation of conceptual metaphors.

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