scholarly journals Evaluation of lethal and repellent action of aqueous vegetable extracts for the control of spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Vinícius Ferraz Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Star Anise ◽  
Tobacco Extract ◽  
Repellent Action

Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) are species considered to be the main pests of forage grasses throughout Tropical America. In Brazil, Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant) is the main and most limiting pest associated with elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.). These insects have the potential to generate great economic losses for the milk and meat production chain, harming producers. Among the spittlebugs control tactics, the use of resistant grasses, biological control and the application of synthetic insecticides in adults are the best known methods. The use of synthetic insecticides is economically viable only when combined with other spittlebugs control strategies, but they are environmentally unsafe products, so it is necessary to research tactics that are less aggressive to the environment, socially viable and of low cost for mainly small farmers. In this context, the insecticidal and repellent action that plant compounds have against different insect-pest species stands out. Thus, the objectives of this research were to evaluate whether aqueous extracts of the aromatic plants A. sativum, R. graveolens, C. verum, C. citratus, S. aromaticum, I. verum, E. globulus, N. tabacum and T. vulgaris have an insecticidal effect on spittlebug nymphs and the choice of spittlebugs adults can be altered for elephant grass, by attraction or non-attraction, in olfactometry tests. In the first stage of the research, the insecticidal effect of the extracts on nymphs of M. spectabilis was evaluated. The results indicated that the tobacco extract was the most effective among all nine tested. At a concentration of 20%, after 48 hours, it reached an efficiency of 76%. Then, bioassays were carried out comparing 5 concentrations of tobacco extract (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and, 25%), where the extract in the concentration of 25% reached an efficiency greater than 92%. As for the extraction methods, the infusion and decoction methods were shown to be equivalent to the standard extraction method (UAE). Tobacco extract is recommended as a strategy to control M. spectabilis, at a concentration of 25%, with its extraction by infusion and decoction. In the second stage, olfactometry bioassays were performed. The combinations of aqueous extracts applied to the host plant were tested against fresh air and against the host plant without the extract. The aqueous vegetable extracts of tobacco, star anise and eucalyptus were not attractive for the M. spectabilis, and can be used as a management tactic in the case of elephant grass.

scholarly journals Olfactory Response of Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) to Volatile Aqueous Extracts of Plant Origin Applied to Elephant Grass Plants (Pennisetum purpureum Schum)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 856
Author(s):  
Vinícius Ferraz Nascimento ◽  
Alexander Machado Auad ◽  
Tiago Teixeira de Resende
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Olfactory Responses ◽  
Star Anise ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum Schum

In this study, we evaluate the olfactory responses of Mahanarva spectabilis adults to aqueous extracts from the following non-host plants for the pest insect: garlic (Allium sativum L.), rue (Ruta graveolens L.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf.), clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.), star anise (Illicium verum Hook.f), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) applied to the host plant, elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.). The bioassays were performed using a Y olfactometer, and the combinations of the plant extracts applied to the host plant were tested against fresh air and against the host plant without the extract. The results show that the extracts of tobacco and star anise were non-attractive to M. spectabilis adults. The extracts from the remaining plants did not alter the response of M. spectabilis to the host plant.

Energetic characterization and flash pyrolysis of different elephant grass cultivars ( Pennisetum purpureum Schum.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara de Oliveira Lessa ◽  
Guilherme Quintela Calixto ◽  
Bruna Maria Emerenciano das Chagas ◽  
Emerson Moreira Aguiar ◽  
Marcus Antônio de Freitas Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Flash Pyrolysis ◽  
Energetic Characterization ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum Schum

scholarly journals Temporal assessment of root and shoot colonization of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) host seedlings by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus strain LP343

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 126651
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Dos-Santos ◽  
Wiglison B.A. Nascimento ◽  
Bruna P. do Nascimento ◽  
Stefan Schwab ◽  
José I. Baldani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum Schum ◽  
Temporal Assessment

scholarly journals Microsatellite markers-based characterisation of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) harvested from selected locations in South-West Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
O.A. Okukenu ◽  
A.A. Olajide ◽  
P.A. Dele ◽  
M. Wheto ◽  
B.T. Akinyemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
South West ◽  
Ssr Primers ◽  
Genetic Index

This study was carried out to characterise Pennisetum purpureum harvested from some selected locations in S outh-W estern Nigeria using microsatellite markers. Leaf parts of growing young elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) were harvested and immediately preserved in ethanol solution before DNA extraction. Two (2) SSR primers (CTM59 and Xtxp278) were used to assess genetic diversity in Pennisetum purpureum. The result shows that 72% of the molecular variations in the elephant grass exists within the population with 28% among the population; there were no unique characteristics among the Nine (9) populations. Nei genetic index ranged from 0.067 (lowest) observed between Isokan and Odeda populations to 0.158 (highest), between Ifedore and Ikoyi Populations. Morphological characterization showed moderate diversity with two major clusters and one minor cluster. Keyword: Elephant grass; cultivars; locations; markers

Growth abnormalities in microorganisms exposed to tobacco leaf extracts

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1619-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Ghabrial
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Extract Medium ◽  
Tobacco Extract ◽  
Growth Abnormalities

Unusual cultural changes were observed when several bacterial and yeast strains were grown on a medium containing aqueous extracts of tobacco leaves. In 24–48 h incubation on such a medium, several dark-brown papilla-like structures developed on the surface of normally smooth colonies. Moreover, smaller dark-brown refractile globular bodies were observed in the medium in areas beneath and surrounding the microbial colonies with papilla-like structures. Attempts to demonstrate the viability of these globular bodies failed. The cultural abnormalities observed on tobacco extract medium were unique to this medium since they were not detected in a wide variety of culture media tested. The lowest concentration of tobacco extract (dry wt. basis), which is required for the development of this phenomenon, was determined to be 0.5 mg/ml of medium.

Germination percentage and emergence potential of nine newly introduced temperate forage germplasms in Shika, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 232-238
Author(s):  
Y. M. Ishiaku ◽  
M. R. Hassan ◽  
S. A. Abubakar ◽  
J. T. Amodu ◽  
S. B. Abdu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides

A trial was conducted to investigate the germination percentage and emergence potential of nine imported temperate forage germplasms at the National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika, Nigeria. The seeds consisted of seven grasses namely; Beefsteak plant (Fructus perillae), Sweet elephant grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides), Wild foxtail millet (Setaria viridis), Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), King grass (Pennisetum sinese), Chinese sorghum (Sweet sorghum) and Zea mexican schard (Purus frumentum) and two legumes namely; Chinese woad (Isatis tinctoria) and Chinese alfalfa (Medicago sativa). A laboratory germination test and pot emergence trial was carried out to ascertain their viability. The result of the experiment showed that Sweet elephant grass, napier grass and king grass recorded over 90 % germination and the least was 30 % in Chinese sorghum. Chinese alfalfa and wild foxtail millet had least germination percentage with 100 % Seed dormancy.Highest emergence rate, seedling length and seedling vigour indexwere observed in king grass than the other forage germplasms. The highest percentage emergence was obtained in king grass > sweet elephant grass > napier grass > Zea mexican schard > beefsteak plant > Chinese woad > Chinese sorghum, respectively. It was concluded that these forages can successfully be adopted as animal feed resources in Nigeria and therefore, recommended formulti-locational trials in all the ecological zones of the country.

scholarly journals Production potential and chemical composition of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) at different ages for energy purposes

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (25) ◽  
pp. 1428-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kesia Faria Vidal Ana ◽  
da Costa Barbe Tatiane ◽  
Figueiredo Daher Rogerio ◽  
Eustáquio Almeida Filho Janeo ◽  
Samara Nunes de Lima Roberta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum Schum

scholarly journals Gas production and in vitro degradability of sheep diets containing propolis ethanolic extract

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cintia Mirely de Araujo ◽  
Fernanda Gomes Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Daniela Pionório Vilaronga Castro ◽  
Daniel Ribeiro Menezes ◽  
Mário Adriano Ávila Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Rapid Degradation ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Food Particles ◽  
Colonization Time

SUMMARY This study evaluated the influence of the propolis ethanolic extract (PEE) on gas production and in vitro degradability of sheep diets. Five experimental diets (treatments) were evaluated: without addition of PEE; 6 mL PEE; 12 mL PEE; 24 mL PEE and 36 mL PEE/kg concentrate. The experimental diet consisted of 50% elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and 50% concentrate. There was a quadratic effect (P <0.05) for the volumes of total gas production (Vt), gases produced by the rapid degradation fractions (Vf1), and for in vitro degradability at 120 hours (Deg120), where the lowest values of Vt, Vf1 and Deg120, were found for the inclusion of 9.4 mL PEE/kg concentrate. Gas production by fermentation of the slow degradation fraction (Vf2) presented a mean of 25 mL/g DM (P <0.05). The colonization time of food particles (λ) significantly reduced (P<0.05) with increasing inclusion of PEE. Thus, it can be concluded that the PEE up to the inclusion of 9.4 mL/kg concentrate was efficient in inhibiting in vitro total gas production and from the fractions of rapid degradation by 9.9 and 15.3%, respectively, in addition to promoting a reduction of 5.3% in degradability after 120 h incubation in diets with a concentrate: forage ratio of 50:50. Thus, the inhibition in gas production was proportionally greater than the reduction of degradability.

scholarly journals Deposition of xylan isolated from Pennisetum purpureum on fibres of Eucalyptus globulus and characterisation of the composition of the surface xylans by immunolabelling and enzymatic peeling

Holzforschung ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 915-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarja Tamminen ◽  
Atte Mikkelson ◽  
Matti Siika-aho ◽  
Kristiina Kruus ◽  
Jaakko Pere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Composition Gradient ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Oxygen Delignification ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Enzymatic Peeling ◽  
Cold Caustic Extraction ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

AbstractAdsorption of xylan on pulp is a potential method to improve its properties, especially refinability for high quality printing and writing (P&W) paper grades. In this study, elephant grass [Pennisetum purpureum(Schumach.)] xylan was used for this purpose. The xylan was extracted using cold caustic extraction (CCE) fromP. purpureumbrown pulp, produced by the Soda-AQ process (kappa 20). Xylan resorption was accomplished during the oxygen delignification phase of eucalypt [Eucalyptus globulus(Labill.)] pulp to avoid problems induced by the colour of the lignin-contaminated deposited xylan. Immunolabelling and enzymatic peeling methodologies were compared for the analysis of the spatial distribution of xylan in the fibre wall. The labelling appeared unevenly as faint and brighter patches on fibre surfaces. Increased labelling of xylan was detected on the samples with precipitatedP. purpureumxylan. The enzymatic peeling method using a total hydrolysis enzyme mixture yielded a composition gradient as a function of time, showing clear xylose (Xyl) enrichment in the very beginning of the reaction, reflecting hydrolysis of fibre surfaces. Pure xylanase and endoglucanase hydrolyses yielded different product patterns and kinetics compared to total hydrolysis, but interpretation of those results in terms of xylan localisation was not straightforward.

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