scholarly journals THE INNOVATION CLUSTERS ROLE IN THE COUNTRY INDUSTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol I (81) ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Yuliіa Ursakiі ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
Innovation Cluster ◽  
Additional Value ◽  
Innovation Clusters

The complication of the general economic situation in the world in recent years has clearly shown that weak countries that haven’t developed industrial policies are unable to cope with the economic growth challenges, and therefore become even poorer. The modern technological diversity basis of the national economy is using of the 3rd and 4th technological systems. Modern science-intensive output is extremely low, which should also be considered as one of the command-administrative economy consequences, which is inefficiency or lack of marketing research in enterprises and as a consequence of low adaptation of their marketing strategies to changes in consumer requirements for product characteristics. In conclusion, Ukraine is also becoming poorer because it neglects its industry and its most high-tech sectors. That is why it is appropriate to say that in Ukraine it is expedient to ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL ECONOMY Issue I (81), 2021 55 create and develop not just clusters - whose activities will be aimed at optimizing production and marketing of economic processes entities of a particular economy sector, but to create and develop innovative clusters that are especially relevant for Ukrainian industry, as they will ensure the constant production and systematic improvement of hightech products. Therefore, the positive point is the growth of small and medium business activity and its consolidation around regional challenges through the revival of a traditional and powerful tool of regional development through innovation clusters. The differences between concepts of cluster and innovation cluster are consider in the article. The effectiveness of the innovation cluster impact on the country's economy, which is manifested in the possibility of market expansion; concentration of economic activity; formation of competitive advantages and increasing the competitiveness of the business sector; creation of additional value chains. The shortcomings of clustering are also analyzed, where the author highlights: corruption in government agencies, technological backwardness of Ukraine, the business climate low quality, the concept of “clustering”, the psychological unwillingness to cooperate. The development of the main innovation clusters of Ukrainian industry is analyzed. Their role and peculiarities of formation in modern realities are studied. Since a successful innovation cluster basis is the development of innovations in the regions are analyzed the regional economic strategies, of the regions where innovative industrial clusters have been created for the subject of "industrial high-tech". Given the today's Ukrainian economy realities, the study made it possible to prove the need of creating innovative clusters in Ukrainian industry. Improving the entrepreneurship competitiveness at all levels, creating additional value chains, concentrating economic activity, generating collective efficiency, and introducing innovative technologies into industry are just some of the positive changes provided by clustering.

Estimation of economic specialization of Ukrainian regions in the context of global trends

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ishchuk ◽  
Lyubomyr Sozanskyy
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Economic Specialization

The scale and deep heterogeneity of the national economy of Ukraine in the regional context make the relevance of scientific research in this thematic area. The purpose of the article is to determine the economic specialization of the regions of Ukraine by key economic activities contributing to the formation of gross value added, as well as outlining the potential risks to the national economy, taking into account the situation on world commodity markets. The results of the research showed that one of the consequences of the unstable dynamics of industrial production in Ukraine under the influence of geopolitical and macroeconomic factors is the reduction of industrial specialization of the economy of a number of Ukrainian regions. Thus, in 2017 the manufacturing was the leading economic activity (with the highest share in the gross value added created) in 11 regions, compared to 15 in 2012. So Poltava, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhya regions are considered to be “highly industrial”. At the same time, the agrarian specialization of the economy of Ukraine and its regions deepened – in 2017 agriculture became the leading type of economic activity in 11 regions (compared to 7 in 2012). The most “agrarian” in Ukraine (with a share of agriculture in gross value added over 30%) in 2017 became the Kherson, Kirovohrad and Khmelnytsky regions. Increasing the level of “agrarianization” of the national economy in the context of volatility of agricultural commodity prices on the world markets poses significant risks for the socio-economic development of Ukraine and its regions. These risks are exacerbated by the high amplitude of fluctuations in the volume and structure of domestic agricultural products and the low degree of processing of raw materials. To improve the structure of domestic commodity exports (in the direction of increasing its share of products with a higher degree of processing) and to deepen its diversification, a number of measures should be carried out aimed at stimulating export activity of enterprises (industrial and agro-industrial), carrying out technical and technological re-equipment of industrial and export production bases, creation of new high-tech industries on the basis of the implementation of powerful innovation and investment projects.

GLOBAL DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT AND NEW GLOBAL CHALLENGES FOR UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Yanenkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
Smart Specialization

The article reflects the results of a study conducted as part of the research project "Providing the complementarity of digital and socio-economic transformations." The main directions of digital transformation influence at economic relationship and effectiveness of production are identified and generalized. The relationship between integration into global value chains with the concepts of smart specialization, cluster and ecosystem development is shown. It means that the basis of successful integration into global value chains is the developed innovative ecosystems of high-tech industries, on which developed sectoral and regional clusters can be based and in which, accordingly, there is a deeper smart specialization. Tendencies, peculiarities and drivers of the world digital development are considered. New global challenges of digital development and its impact on the economy and society in Ukraine are defined and analyzed. It is shown that over the last 20 years Ukraine has transformed from a newcomer in the field of information and communication technologies to a center for the creation and export of services. The state and possible prospects of development of Ukrainian Industry 4.0 in the context of post COVID-19 are analyzed. The main reason for the negative trends is the structural degradation of the economy due to the decline of the processing industry, which is a consequence of the crisis socio-economic and political phenomena in the country, lack of systemic state industrial policy and inadequate business climate. The main threats and new opportunities of socio-economic and digital transformations posed to the country by the coronavirus pandemic are summarized. The main emphasis is on Ukraine's ability to include value added in new chains or build on existing ones. Proposals have been developed for the authorities to provide the complementarity of digital and socio-economic transformations.

Formation Mechanism and Simulation Research on Innovation Clusters

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 2158-2161
Author(s):  
Feng Qing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Innovation Capability ◽  
Simulation Research ◽  
Innovation Cluster ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Innovation Clusters

With economic globalization and rapid development of science technology, a number of enterprises in the region work closely in the form of industrial clusters, with whose overall innovation capability increasing rapidly. It is in this situation that the conception of innovation cluster comes with the tide of fashion. This paper first reviews the study situation of networks; analyzing the structure of innovation clusters deeply, and then constructs an improved BA model to demonstrate the complex links among the innovation cluster nodes and explains their structural features, then simulate its formation mechanism and evolution process.

scholarly journals Methods of calculating the efficiency of clusters and possible modalities for their development

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (31) ◽  
pp. 97-118
Author(s):  
Nataliia Lytvynenko ◽  
Maryna Khmara ◽  
Nataliia Rylach ◽  
Olga Spektor ◽  
Serhii Orekhov
Keyword(s):  
Research Process ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Technology Parks ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Innovation Clusters

The objective of the article is to analyze the method of calculating the efficiency of high-tech clusters and alternative models of their development. Method. The methodological basis of the study is a series of general and specific cognition methods. In the research process, the following were used: the formal-logical method, the system and the structural, comparative-legal, logical-legal and other scientific research methods. Results of the investigation. Four groups of efficiency indicators of the organizational and economic regulation mechanism of the administrative activity of a business cluster are defined. The difference between traditional industrial clusters and innovation clusters is considered. Examples of successful cluster operation in some countries around the world are studied. Practical meaning. It is emphasized that the efficiency of the cluster, and therefore its development, is significantly influenced by the availability of scientific potential and activity of research institutes, as well as access to non-reimbursable funds (institutions, agencies) and the operation of technology parks. Value / originality. It is observed that due to globalization, the role of clusters in competition is increasingly important. In this context, the forms of cluster development in Ukraine were proposed, as well as examples of successful clusters in Ukraine were considered.

Formation and Development of Innovation Clusters as a Prerequisite for the Transition Towards Intensive Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1005-1012
Author(s):  
A. V. Kharlamov ◽  
A. E. Sibgatullin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
Cluster Development ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
The Government ◽  
Innovation Clusters

The presented study examines innovative economic growth and its stimulating processes based on the development of innovative clusters. This involves determining the regulatory role of the government and choosing a regulatory model that would reflect the specific features of the examined country’s economic system. Aim. The study aims to consider foreign and Russian experience to formulate proposals for improving the conceptual mechanism that would ensure Russia’s transition towards predominantly intensive economic growth using the opportunities provided by innovative clusters. Tasks. The authors analyze the strategic direction of development of the global and national economies; determine the potential of clusters and cluster development as a tool that facilitates and guides economic growth; identify problem areas in the cluster development of the Russian economy and substantiate a set of measures aimed at eliminating them; determine the methods of government involvement in facilitating cluster development and substantiate the choice of the most appropriate method for a particular national economy; consider the foreign experience of transforming industrial clusters into innovative clusters and adapt it to the Russian economy. Methods. This study critically analyzes different scientific approaches to determining the essence of a cluster and the nature of its impact on the development of economic entities and the national economy as a whole. It also uses analytical tools to propose an adjustment of existing approaches to cluster regulation in Russia and to facilitate the creation of innovative clusters. Results. The role of innovation clusters in Russia and globally is determined in the context of the transition to predominantly intensive economic growth. The major problems that make it impossible to receive maximum benefits from clustering are highlighted. The relationship between innovation and cluster development is determined with allowance for the competitiveness index. The changes necessary for ensuring high-quality economic growth and improving the efficiency of clusters, particularly innovative clusters, are proposed. Factors that ensure successful innovative development in accordance with the main directions of cluster policy are identified. Conclusions. Examination of the role of clusters in the formation of predominantly intensive economic growth, the current state of the Russian economy, and existing cluster policy models makes it possible to evaluate the prospects for the development of the Russian economy using the potential of innovative clusters.

THE CONCEPT OF COMPETITIVE VALUE CHAINS IN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AS AN INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE OPERATING ON NETWORK PRINCIPLES

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Niyaz Mustjakimovich Abdikeev ◽  
Anton Alekseevich Losev ◽  
Andrey Ivanovich Gaydamaka
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
Software Product ◽  
The Creation

The Concept of competitive value chains in production systems, as an institutional structure operating on network principles, was the impetus for the development of a system of models of inter-industry digital platform for the management and optimization of cooperation of high-tech network production systems. The article describes the ways of integration into business processes of production systems of simulation and cognitive models. The practical implementation of the system of these models is a separate software product - an interdisciplinary digital platform for participants in the creation of new high-tech products and their components.

Job Satisfaction as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Performance Appraisal and Voice Behavior

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1315-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Bei Hu ◽  
Min Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship

We explored the mediating effect of job satisfaction in the relationship between employees' performance appraisal and their voice behavior. A questionnaire was administered to 864 employees at enterprises representing high-tech industrial clusters from 5 cities in China. Developmental performance appraisal was found to have a more positive influence on employees' voice behavior than evaluative performance appraisal did. Compared with prohibitive voice behavior, both developmental and evaluative types of performance appraisal had a more positive impact on promotive voice behavior, and job satisfaction was found to play a mediating role in the relationship between these variables.

Customs regulation of activities on the territory of special economic zones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Grigoryevna Iordanova ◽  
Andrei Romanovich Bojko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Zones

In the article, the authors analyze the functioning of special economic zones in the Russian Federation. Currently, based on the established world practice, special economic zones can act as a catalyst for attracting foreign investment and ensuring effective regional socio-economic development. Therefore, according to the authors, the issues of improving the functioning of the SEZ are of particular importance. The analysis of the results of the functioning of special economic zones in the Russian Federation shows that there is a significant potential for their development. Due to the fact that the functioning of special economic zones is inextricably linked with the conduct of foreign economic activity, and the SEZs themselves are a tool for integrating the country into global value chains, the issues of customs regulation of activities on their territory become important, which acts as an effective way for the state to influence foreign economic activity and have significant opportunities in stimulating the development of special economic zones in the Russia. In this regard, the study of the application of customs regulation measures as important factors in the development of special economic zones in the Russian Federation is very relevant. Special attention was paid to the study of the regulatory framework for the application of customs procedures in respect of goods imported into the territory of special economic zones and exported from such territories. According to the results of the study, it was found that there are significant gaps in the current legislative regulation of this range of legal relations. The article formulates specific measures that can contribute to improving the efficiency of the functioning of special economic zones in the Russian Federation.

Current Trends in the International Economic Activity of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Ljudmila Romaniuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Economic Relations

International economic activity occupies a special place in a complex system of the global economic relations. It reflects the mutual economic dependence of trade and economic activities of different countries of the world. The significance of the development of international economic performance of each country is growing. The purpose of the article is to determine the current state and trends of international economic performance of Ukraine, taking into account changes in the external environment. SWOT-analysis was introduced to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats and ways to overcome weaknesses, solve problems in international economic activity, use strengths and opportunities. International economic activity is a powerful factor in the development of the country's economy and has a significant potential in regard of natural, economic and human resources, but the study has also revealed problems and negative trends. To identify trends in the effectiveness of the country's international economic activity, export-import performance indicators for 2019, 2020 and similar indicators for 2013 were analyzed. In 2020 a decline in exports in the machine-building industry is observed. Furthermore, the exports are dominated by the raw material component. The growth rate of exported goods refers to industries with a small share of value added. At the same time, imports are dominated by high-tech products, indicating a lack of strategy of technical and technological development, which leads to the deindustrialization of the country, which is a significant threat to the economy of Ukraine as a whole and its international economic activity. In the context of economic globalization, the importance of international economic relations is growing. To increase the efficiency of international economic performance it is crucial to address a number of domestic issues: stabilization of political situation, termination of military actions in the east of the country, overcoming corruption, ensuring technical and technological development, implementation of innovations at enterprises, development and implementation of multi-vector strategy, implementation of the strategy of public diplomacy in order to build a positive image of Ukraine. Further research will focus on assessing the effectiveness of international economic activity, identifying threats to national competitiveness and elaborating recommendations for overcoming them.

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