scholarly journals FEATURES OF POST-WAR RESTORATION OF FACADES OF BUILDINGS IN THE HISTORICAL CENTER OF ROSTOV-ON-DON

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
I. Moskalenko
Keyword(s):  
City Center ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Human Material ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
Post War ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City

The author considers the combination of tradition and innovation in the solutions of decoration of facades destroyed during the great Patriotic war, their relationship and influence on the formation of a new "identity" of the city. Pre-war and post-war photographs, as well as modern photographs and measurements of the architecture of the historic city center, are a useful tool for understanding the processes of formation of the architectural and artistic appearance of urban development. The study of archival materials allows to get an impression of the projected changes in the development of the main highways as part of the post-war restoration, their implementation and the impact that they had on the historical development of the city. The purpose of this work is to identify techniques for artistic and stylistic solutions of building facades in the framework of post-war reconstruction. As a result of changes in the stylistic design of the facades of buildings of the main highways of the city, the he development becomes more concise and calm forms, eliminating all elements that do not meet the requirements and attitude to pre-war styles. New elements are introduced that emphasize the ideology of power. During the restoration work, the differentiation between the main highways and secondary buildings is emphasized. It arose as a result of the investment of fixed assets (financial, human, material) in the reconstruction of the main highways.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Retail Structure in Barcelona: From Tourism-Phobia to the Desertification of City Center

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8215
Author(s):  
Lluís Frago Clols
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
City Center ◽  
Urban Theory ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

COVID-19 has meant major transformations for commercial fabric. These transformations have been motivated by the collapse of consumer mobility at multiple scales. We analyzed the impact of the collapse of global tourist flows on the commercial fabric of Barcelona city center, a city that has been a global reference in over-tourism and tourism-phobia. Fieldwork in the main commercial areas before and after the pandemic and complementary semi-structured interviews with the main agents involved highlight the relationship between global tourist flows and commercial fabric. The paper shows how the end of global tourism has meant an important commercial desertification. The end of the integration of the city center into global consumer flows has implications for urban theory. It means a downscaling of the city center and the questioning of traditional center-periphery dynamics. It has been shown that the tourist specialization of commerce has important effects on the real estate market and makes it particularly vulnerable. However, the touristic specialization of commercial activities as a strategy of resilience has also been presented. This adaptation faces the generalized commercial desertification that drives the growing concentration of consumption around the online channel.

scholarly journals Residents’ Opinions and Perceptions of Tourism Development in the Historic City of Toledo, Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3854
Author(s):  
Luis Alfonso Escudero Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City ◽  
Historic Cities

Historic centers have become first-line tourist destinations. In order to achieve sustainable development, it is essential to get to know the opinions of the host community on the impact of tourism, the positives, as well as the negatives. This paper aims to understand the residents’ opinions and perceptions of destinations as the historic cities. This research looks into the residents’ opinions on the impact of tourism in the historic city of Toledo, Spain. The results of a quantitative survey among 442 residents in the city of Toledo are presented. The study is a revision of the literature and analysis and explanation of an empiric study’s results. Descriptive statistics have been used, as well as factor analysis and non-parametric tests to analyze data. The main results point out that residents have a positive vision of tourism development, rather than negative. The economic importance of tourism and its ability to create jobs stand out. However, they also think that the historic center is being turned into a museum for tourists. Analyzing their opinions according to certain demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, some major differences come up, such as that the inhabitants of residential areas have a more positive opinion than those who live in the historic center. Understanding the perspective of the residents can help the managers and planners of the tourism in the city to play down the potential negative impact of tourism and to achieve support from the host community in regards to tourism.

Architecture of Apocalypse, City of Lights

2019 ◽  
pp. 127-162
Author(s):  
Marion Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Change ◽  
New Wave ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Post War ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Housing Estates

The inception of the New Wave coincided with a profound mutation of the French urban fabric: parts of historic city centers were razed in post-war modernisation schemes, while 'new towns' were planned outside major cities to relieve the pressure of population growth. This chapter analyses New Wave filmmakers' diverse engagement with architecture - old and new - and urban change in both fictional and documentary genres. Themes for discussion include New Wave directors' ambivalent representation of the new forms of architectural modernity that emerged in France in the 1950s and 60s; their interrogation of the living conditions on modern housing estates; and their examination of the relationship between the built environment, affect, and memory. The chapter also considers the movement's fascination with the tactile textures and surfaces of the city.

REGENERATION OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE OBJECTS IN THE STRUCTURE OF HOUSEHOLDS IN URBAN ESTATES OF THE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Lyudmila I. IVANOVA ◽  
Fedor V. KARASEV
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
City Center ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Center Density

The article views the classifi cation and features of the formation of objects of landscape architecture in the structure of households of the estate building of the XIX - beginning of the XX centuries on the example of the city of Samara taking into account the town-planning features: social affi liation, location relative to the historic city center, density, height, functional and planning type of buildings. Emphasis is placed on the preservation of objects of landscape architecture within the borders of the existing households, which form the basis of the planning of the neighborhoods of the historic city center. Considering the identifi ed classifi cation a technique for the preservation and development of landscape architecture objects in modern conditions is proposed.

scholarly journals Understanding the Impact of Street Patterns on Pedestrian Distribution: A Case Study in Tianjin, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Sheng ◽  
Junfeng Jiao ◽  
Tianyu Pang
Keyword(s):  
Base Layer ◽  
City Center ◽  
Street Pattern ◽  
Gate Count ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Street Segments ◽  
Urban Functions

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of street pattern, metro stations, and density of urban functions on pedestrian distribution in Tianjin, China. Thirteen neighborhoods are selected from the city center and suburbs. Pedestrian and vehicle volumes are observed through detailed gate count from 703 street segments in these neighborhoods. Regression models are constructed to analyze the impact of the street pattern, points of interest (POIs), and vehicle and metro accessibility on pedestrian volumes in each neighborhood and across the city. The results show that when analyzing all neighborhoods together, local street connectivity and POIs had a strong influence on pedestrian distribution. Proximity to metro stations and vehicle accessibility had a minor impact. When analyzing each neighborhood separately, both local- and city-scale street patterns affect pedestrian distributions. These findings suggest that the street pattern provides a base layer for metro stations to attract both the emergence of active urban functions and pedestrian movement.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Extent of Particulate Matter Emissions of a Ropeway Public Mobility System in the City Center of Perugia (Central Italy)

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1356
Author(s):  
Beatrice Moroni ◽  
Stefano Crocchianti ◽  
Federica Bruschi ◽  
Chiara Petroselli ◽  
Alessandro Di Menno di Bucchianico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Aerosol Sampling ◽  
City Center ◽  
Mobility System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Minimetrò (MM) is a ropeway public mobility system that has been in operation in the city of Perugia for about ten years to integrate with urban mobility and lighten vehicular traffic in the historic city center. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the impact of MM as a source of pollutants in the urban context, and the exposure of people in the cabins and the platforms along the MM line. These topics have been investigated by means of intensive measurement and sampling campaigns performed in February and June 2015 on three specific sites of the MM line representative of different sources and levels of urban pollution. Stationary and dynamic measurements of particle size distribution, nanoparticle and black carbon aerosol number and mass concentrations measurements were performed by means of different bench and portable instruments. Aerosol sampling was carried out using low volume and high-volume aerosol samplers, and the samples nalysed by off-line methods. Results show that MM is a considerable source of atmospheric particulate matter having characteristics very similar to those of the common urban road dust in Perugia. In the lack of clear indications on road dust effect, the contribution of MM to the aerosol in Perugia cannot be neglected.

scholarly journals TERRITORIAL EXPLORATION TO IMPLEMENT THE RECOMMENDATION ON HISTORIC URBAN LANDSCAPES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AREA OF EL EJIDO IN CUENCA, ECUADOR

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 505-512
Author(s):  
S. Auquilla ◽  
M. Siguencia
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
City Center ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The Face ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City

Abstract. Cuenca in Ecuador is a growing city, weak in the face of the changes that the expansion phenomenon implies. The area of El Ejido was the first expansion area of the city with valuable samples of the arrival of modernity in the city. Nowadays, this sector is not exempted from the effects of urban growth and deserves to be managed through a proper management plan for its preservation. Degraded landscapes have been identified, modern heritage architecture shows clear symptoms of abandonment and low maintenance, causing the disappearance of historic buildings. Given these and other problems associated with urban development, Cuenca, like other cities, has taken the initiative of adopting the Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) adopted by UNESCO in 2011, as a measure to safeguard urban heritage. In 2014, the implementation of this relatively new approach was first initiated in the pilot area of the Historic City Centre of Cuenca. This area was included in the World Heritage List in 1999 based on criteria II, IV, and V.However, aware of the significant heritage values embedded at El Ejido and its close urban and landscape link with the Historical City Center, the aim of this research is the implementation of the HUL’s approach in a specific area located in El Ejido. Due to the clear difference between this sector and the Historical City Center, it is necessary to assess the first methodology used and work on a methodology that can be extrapolated to this sector and further on to other sectors of the city. To obtain the methodology for this area, it is essential to carry out a territorial exploration in cities with similar characteristics to Cuenca that are implementing an approach based on the study of the Historical Urban Landscape Recommendation.

scholarly journals Car ownership and commuting mode of the “original” residents in a high-density city center: A case study in Shanghai

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-124
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Haixiao Pan ◽  
Yanbo Ge
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Central Area ◽  
High Density ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
City Center ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

As a result of rapid urbanization and motorization in China, numerous mega-cities have emerged, and large numbers of people live and work in the city centers. Consequently, developing a public transport-oriented urban structure and promoting sustainable development are major planning strategies for the country. To understand the impact of rail transit on motorization in a high-density city center, we conduct a household travel survey in three neighborhoods around metro stations in the central area of Shanghai. We examine the car buying and commuting behavior of those Shanghai “original” residents who lived there when the city began growing, engulfing them in the center. Studies have shown that 40 percent of commuters in the city center commute outward, following a virtually reversed commute pattern, and the factors significantly affecting their car purchasing choice include their attitude toward cars and transit, household incomes, ownership of the apartments they live in, and the distance between family members’ workplaces and nearest metro stations. Despite easy access to the metro from their home in the city center, those who purchase their apartment units also likely own a car, while those who rent their apartment units are less likely to own a car; however, these odds are still higher than for those who live in an apartment unit inherited from their relatives or provided by their company. In the city center, if a family owns a car, then that car would almost certainly be used for daily commuting. A multinomial logistic model is applied to examine the factors influencing the tendency for using cars. The results show that people’s choices of commuting by alternative modes rather than cars are also shaped by their attitude toward public transportation, but other factors can also subtly change people’s commuting behavior under certain conditions. The commuting distance discourages people from walking and taking buses (but not metro). As the egress distance to the workplace increases, the metro becomes less appealing than cars. Mixed land use encourages people to walk or take buses instead of driving. Older people prefer riding buses and walking to driving, and female respondents tend to prefer walking, cycling, and riding the metro to driving compared to male respondents. These findings contribute to understanding the behavior of people who are familiar with public transportation and how to encourage them to switch from driving cars to alternative transport modes.

Workers' Politics and the Mill Districts in Bombay between the Wars

1981 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajnarayan Chandavarkar
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Slight Improvement ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
Industrial Action ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wage Cuts ◽  
The City

Between the wars, the development of a labour movement in Bombay reflected a growing polarization in social and political relations in the city. This period, which saw an intensification of social conflict, also witnessed changes in the character of industrial action. Until 1914, strikes in the cotton textile industry were largely confined to particular departments and mills; increasingly after the war, they were coordinated across the industry as a whole. Rising prices and unprecedented profits which accompanied the post-war boom led to the demand for higher wages supported by two general strikes. In the mid 1920s, as the industry's markets slumped, attempts to cut wages were once again strongly resisted. With a slight improvement in their fortunes in the later 1920s, the millowners introduced ‘rationalization’ schemes; for the workforce this meant more work, less wages and higher chances of unemployment. Between April 1928 and September 1929, two general strikes crippled the industry for about eleven months, and the extension of these schemes and a further round of wage cuts led to another strike wave in 1933-34. Apart from several one-day closures, eight general strikes occurred in the industry between 1919 and 1940. The impact of this militancy was felt not only in other occupations in Bombay but also in other industrial centres, such as Sholapur and Ahmedabad. As Bombay became the scene of militant working-class action in India, its labour movement, under communist leadership since 1928, acquired an explicitly political direction.

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