Napfmarathon versus Stadtmarathon: Eine Annäherung an das Konzept des Leistungskilometers

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  

The aim of this study was to investigate differences in course times of a mountainmarathon (Napfmarathon) versus a city Marathon. Therefore all participants of Napfmarathon were screened concerning a double participation on a city marathon (Zürich, Winterthur, Lausanne, Luzern) and the course time were compared. Of key interest was the influence of ascents and descents which were quantified according to ­guidelines of Youth & Sport (Jugend + Sport / Jeunesse et Sport), whereby in first approximation 100 meter of ascent, 150 meter of descent (more than 20%) and 1 km of horizontal distance were taken as a simallar performance correlat. For the identified double starter different average times per km resulted. For the city marathon with an average time of 4 min 52 sec and for the Napfmarathon with 4 min 28 sec. If speed per km was calculated only with ascent and horizontal distances having performance relevance an average time of 4 min 56 sec per km was identified. This effect seems to be independet from distance absolved, resulting for Halbmarathon on an average time of distance of 4 min 13 sec, for Napfmarathon of 4 min 4 sec and for the performance concept only with ascent an average time per km of 4 min 16 sec. These analysis reveal, that if only ascent is taxed average course times differ less than 5 sec for both distances. For these particular reasons we recommend for running events to calculate only based on ascent and horizontal distances making necessary adjustments based on length of course, steepness of ascent and descent, character of terain (middle-country, pre-alps, alpes) for accurate estimation of course times.

Author(s):  
Hedayat Z. Aashtiani ◽  
Hamid Iravani

The transit assignment process applied as part of the development of the Tehran transportation model is described. The process includes development of various models for dwell time as a function of transit volume. Dwell time is the time a transit vehicle spends at a stop to allow passengers to alight and board. This method was implemented by using EMME/2 transportation planning software. The calculation of dwell time is necessary in modeling transit assignment because an accurate estimation of dwell time will lead to more precise transit assignment results. The area analyzed in the model comprises various transportation analysis zones in the city of Tehran. The model output was shown to be statistically significant. Calculations were found to be valid when compared with observed data.


Author(s):  
Lucas Andrés Masán

En estas páginas efectuamos una primera aproximación sobre los eventos aerostáticos en Buenos Aires durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX. Entendidos como espectáculos públicos inscriptos en un espacio urbano en reconfiguración, es posible advertir en la paulatina incorporación de lo aéreo cierta vocación social por interpelar a los habitantes de la ciudad. Para dar cuenta de este derrotero examinamos desde las germinales inscripciones de las montgolfieras en el imaginario local en la década de 1820 hasta la primera experiencia de globo tripulado efectuada por Bartolomé Lartet en 1856. Observamos la trayectoria de estas exhibiciones como instancias que condensan expresiones y deseos comunitarios entre los cuales es posible entrever preocupaciones de carácter social y político. En este camino los sentidos asociados al globo aerostático nos permiten ver una latente incorporación del ideario moderno basado en la novedad, la valoración de acciones temerarias y una nueva estimulación sensorial del habitante. In these pages we make a first approximation of the aerostatic events in Buenos Aires during the first half of the 19th century. Understood as public performances inscribed in an urban space undergoing reconfiguration, it is possible to notice in the gradual incorporation of the air a social vocation for questioning the inhabitants of the city. To account for this course we examine from the germinal inscriptions of the montgolfieras in the local imagination in the 1820s to the first manned balloon experience carried out by Bartolomé Lartet in 1856. We observe the trajectory of these exhibitions as instances that condense expressions and wishes community among which it is possible to glimpse social and political concerns. In this way, the senses associated with the hot air balloon allow us to see a latent incorporation of modern ideology based on novelty, the valuation of reckless actions and a new sensory stimulation of the inhabitant.


2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-510
Author(s):  
Daniela Galatro ◽  
Dario Ercolani ◽  
Daniel Fuertbauer

Abstract Hydrodynamic slugs in pipelines are usually analysed by using steady-state flow simulation software as a first approximation and then modelled in transient simulation software in order to get more accurate values. In this work, the ILF approach for hydrodynamic analysis is presented by using an empirical and a mechanistic method for steady-state simulations and by using a transient approach. For both, steady-state and transient simulations commercial software is applied. Furthermore, a new pseudo-transient approach as an alternative to the Lagrangian slug tracking scheme that is currently tested is presented. A set of operational hydrodynamic slug examples illustrates the use and accuracy of both commercial simulation programs and the newly developed pseudo-transient approach. Finally, a set of considerations for the hydrodynamic slug analysis in pipelines is proposed as a guide for accurate estimation of the slug properties.


2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (06) ◽  
pp. 1960003
Author(s):  
Andrei Ionita ◽  
André Pomp ◽  
Michael Cochez ◽  
Tobias Meisen ◽  
Stefan Decker

Smart cities around the world have begun monitoring parking areas in order to estimate available parking spots and help drivers looking for parking. The current results are promising, indeed. However, existing approaches are limited by the high cost of sensors that need to be installed throughout the city in order to achieve an accurate estimation. This work investigates the extension of estimating parking information from areas equipped with sensors to areas where they are missing. To this end, the similarity between city neighborhoods is determined based on background data, i.e., from geographic information systems. Using the derived similarity values, we analyze the adaptation of occupancy rates from monitored- to unmonitored parking areas.


Author(s):  
M.Jaganmohan Rao ◽  
S.P. Sivaprakasam ◽  
G. Yan Arora

The current research details the urban minibus drivers comfort levels. These buses are used for shuttle services within the city as well as school services. Long seating is a vibrant risk factor for back pain for minibus driver’s exposed to whole body vibration (WBV). In this paper, effects of seat inclination, speed and seat distance from the ABC pedal on seat acceleration are investigated by the statistical methods of analysis of variance (ANOVA), Taguchi’s orthogonal array, regression analysis. Process parameters are prioritized by Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array. ANOVA determines the significance and percentage contribution of each parameter. Seat inclination has a greater contribution on ride comfort followed by the speed and seat horizontal distance. To optimize the human comfort vibration in minibus, genetic algorithms and multiple regression models were used. The values predicted from experimental, regression model and genetic algorithms values are found to be in good correlation.


2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Cieślik ◽  
Jan Teresiński

Abstract In this paper we study Zipf’s law, which postulates that the product of a city’s population and its rank (the number of cities with a larger or equal population) is constant for every city in a given region. We show that the empirical literature indicates that the law may not always hold, although its general form, the rank-size rule, could be a good first approximation of city size distribution. We perform our own empirical analysis of the distribution of the population of Polish cities on the largest possible sample to find that Zipf’s law is rejected for Poland as the city sizes are less evenly distributed than it predicts.


Author(s):  
Paola Rosake ◽  
Patricia Ercolani

Dentro de la dinámica de la globalización, se asiste a un proceso contradictorio de homogeneización de pautas culturales, formas de consumo y comportamientos de ocio; a la vez que se exacerban las individualidades, debilitándose los vínculos que articulan identidades. En la sociedad actual el consumo de actividades de ocio simboliza posición social y distinción, es decir, constituye un factor de identificación social. El presente trabajo se enmarca desde la perspectiva espacial del análisis del ocio y tiene como área de estudio a la localidad de Bahía Blanca, ciudad intermedia ubicada en la región del Sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. El objetivo principal de la investigación es analizar la importancia que los espacios de ocio de la ciudad tienen como lugares de identificación para la población, teniendo en cuenta la relevancia que las actividades de ocio adquieren en la actualidad. Se define un tipo de investigación descriptiva y exploratoria: se realiza una revisión y selección bibliográfica y se utiliza la encuesta a residentes como herramienta exploratoria. Los resultados obtenidos permiten determinar como primera aproximación, que la ciudad de Bahía Blanca no es ajena a los procesos urbanos contradictorios resultados de la adaptación de las ciudades a los cambios económicos y culturales globales.Palabras claves: Ocio; Consumo; Espacio; Identificación Social.THE VALUATION OF LEISURE AS A FACTOR OF SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION. ANALYSIS FROM A SPACE PERSPECTIVE IN THE CITY OF BAHÍA BLANCA (ARGENTINA)ABSTRACTWithin the dynamics of globalization, there is a contradictory process of homogenization of cultural patterns, ways to consumption and leisure behaviors; while at the same time exacerbating individualities, weakening the links that articulate identities. In today's society the consumption of leisure activities symbolizes social position and distinction, that is, it constitutes a factor of social identification. The present work is framed from the spatial perspective of the leisure analysis and its study area is the town of Bahía Blanca, an intermediate city located in the Southwest region of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The main objective of the research is to analyze the importance that the leisure spaces of the city have as places of identification for the population, taking into account the relevance that leisure activities acquire at present. For the proposed research, is defined a descriptive and exploratory type of research. A review and selection of bibliography is made and the survey of resident is used as an exploratory tool. The results obtained allow us to determine as a first approximation that the city of Bahia Blanca is not alien to the contradictory urban processes results of the adaptation of cities to global economic and cultural changes.Keywords: Leisure; Consumption; Space; Social Identification.A VALORIZAÇÃO DO LAZER COMO FATOR DE IDENTIFICAÇÃO SOCIAL. ANÁLISE A PARTIR DE UMA PERSPECTIVA ESPACIAL NA CIDADE DE BAHÍA BLANCA (ARGENTINA)RESUMODentro da dinâmica da globalização, estamos testemunhando um processo contraditório de homogeneização de padrões culturais, formas de comportamento de consumo e de lazer; enquanto as individualidades são exacerbadas, enfraquecendo as ligações que articulam identidades. Na sociedade de hoje o consumo de lazer simboliza status social e distinção, ou seja, um fator de identificação social. Este trabalho situou-se na perspectiva da análise espacial do lazer e a sua área de estudo foi a cidade de Bahía Blanca, cidade média localizada na região sudoeste da província de Buenos Aires, Argentina. O principal objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a importância que os espaços de lazer da cidade têm como lugares de identificação social para a população, considerando a importância que as atividades de lazer adquirem hoje. Definiu-se como metodologia o tipo de pesquisa descritiva e exploratória: realizou-se a revisão e seleção da literatura bibliográfica sobre o tema e usou-se como ferramenta exploratória a entrevista com residentes. Os resultados permitem determinar, como uma primeira aproximação, que a cidade de Bahía Blanca não está alheia aos processos urbanos contraditórios, resultados da adaptação das cidades às mudanças económicas e culturais globais.Palavras-chave: Lazer; Consumo; Espaço; Identificação Social.


Author(s):  
W. R. Schucany ◽  
G. H. Kelsoe ◽  
V. F. Allison

Accurate estimation of the size of spheroid organelles from thin sectioned material is often necessary, as uniquely homogenous populations of organelles such as vessicles, granules, or nuclei often are critically important in the morphological identification of similar cell types. However, the difficulty in obtaining accurate diameter measurements of thin sectioned organelles is well known. This difficulty is due to the extreme tenuity of the sectioned material as compared to the size of the intact organelle. In populations where low variance is suspected the traditional method of diameter estimation has been to measure literally hundreds of profiles and to describe the “largest” as representative of the “approximate maximal diameter”.


1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Robert Chatham

The Court of Appeals of New York held, in Council of the City of New York u. Giuliani, slip op. 02634, 1999 WL 179257 (N.Y. Mar. 30, 1999), that New York City may not privatize a public city hospital without state statutory authorization. The court found invalid a sublease of a municipal hospital operated by a public benefit corporation to a private, for-profit entity. The court reasoned that the controlling statute prescribed the operation of a municipal hospital as a government function that must be fulfilled by the public benefit corporation as long as it exists, and nothing short of legislative action could put an end to the corporation's existence.In 1969, the New York State legislature enacted the Health and Hospitals Corporation Act (HHCA), establishing the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) as an attempt to improve the New York City public health system. Thirty years later, on a renewed perception that the public health system was once again lacking, the city administration approved a sublease of Coney Island Hospital from HHC to PHS New York, Inc. (PHS), a private, for-profit entity.


ASHA Leader ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 46-48

This year's Annual Convention features some sweet new twists like ice cream and free wi-fi. But it also draws on a rich history as it returns to Chicago, the city where the association's seeds were planted way back in 1930. Read on through our special convention section for a full flavor of can't-miss events, helpful tips, and speakers who remind why you do what you do.


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