CLINICAL SYMPTOMS, ULTRASOUND AND HISTOPATHOLOGY OF TUMORLIKE LESIONS OF THE BLADDER.

2017 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Van Mao Nguyen ◽  
Thi Bich Chi Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Bladder Tumor ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Key Words Bladder Cancer

Background: Bladder cancer is one of the most frequent type of urinary cancer which has been ever increasing. For the better treatment, the early discovery and definite diagnosis of this disease played an important role. Objective: To describe some clinical symptoms and ultrasound features of tumorlike lesions of the bladder. To diagnose and classify the histopathology of tumorlike lesions of the bladder. Materials, method: cross - sectional study on 64 cases in Hue University Hospital and Hue central hospital from April, 2016 to February, 2017. Results: Hematuria was the most common reason that patients went to hospital (79.7%). Lower abdominal pain and irritation during urination accounting for 9.4% and 6.2% respectively. Only 3 patients with bladder cancer were accidentally discovered through periodic health examination (4.7%). The characteristics of hematuria in bladder tumor was flesh red urine (62.5%) and total hematuria (60.7%). With ultrasonography, the results of 64 patients were divided in 3 groups as follow: bladder tumor, which was the highest rate 87.5%, bladder polyp was 3.1% and focal bladder wall thickening was 9.4%. Of which, the vast majority of these ultrasound images was tumor - like lesions protruding in the lumen of the bladder (75%), the rest was wall thickening lesions (25%). Tumors were different in size, the biggest tumor was 7cm in diameter and the smallest was 0.6cm. Those with the diameter 3cm or bigger accounting for 42.2%, the smaller was 57.8%. Most cases have only one lesion (62.5%) and at lateral wall (46.6%). Histopathologically, cancer was 59/64 case (92.2%): urothelial carcinoma was 98.3 %, squamous cell carcinomawas 1.7% and 5 cases (7.8%) were benign. Most cancerous cases were poorly differentiated, grade II (50.9%) and grade III (32.2%). The stage T1NxMx was 20.3% and worse than T2MxNx was 79.7%. Conclusion: hematuria was the most popular symptom, suggesting bladder cancer. Clinical diagnosing bladder cancer was not high sensitive (61.01%). Ultrasound could detect bladder tumor with high sensitive (89.8%). These patients also needed histopathology classification to diagnose and finally choose the best method for the appropriate treatment. Key words: bladder cancer, histopathology, ultrasound, uroepithelial carcinoma, hematuria

scholarly journals Mitofusin-2 Down-Regulation Predicts Progression of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1500
Author(s):  
Antonella Cormio ◽  
Gian Maria Busetto ◽  
Clara Musicco ◽  
Francesca Sanguedolce ◽  
Beppe Calò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Bladder Tumor ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Mitofusin 2 ◽  
Clinical Issue ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Identification of markers predicting disease outcome is a major clinical issue for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The present study aimed to determine the role of the mitochondrial proteins Mitofusin-2 (Mfn2) and caseinolytic protease P (ClpP) in predicting the outcome of NMIBC. The study population consisted of patients scheduled for transurethral resection of bladder tumor upon the clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer (BC). Samples of the main bladder tumor and healthy-looking bladder wall from patients classified as NMIBC were tested for Mfn2 and ClpP. The expression levels of these proteins were correlated to disease recurrence, progression. Mfn2 and ClpP expression levels were significantly higher in lesional than in non-lesional tissue. Low-risk NMIBC had significantly higher Mfn2 expression levels and significantly lower ClpP expression levels than high-risk NMIBC; there were no differences in non-lesional levels of the two proteins. Lesional Mfn2 expression levels were significantly lower in patients who progressed whereas ClpP levels had no impact on any survival outcome. Multivariable analysis adjusting for the EORTC scores showed that Mfn2 downregulation was significantly associated with disease progression. In conclusion, Mfn2 and ClpP proteins were found to be overexpressed in BC as compared to non-lesional bladder tissue and Mfn2 expression predicted disease progression.

scholarly journals The possibilities of diagnosis and treatment of urogenital schistosomatosis in current conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
F. R. Asfandiyarov ◽  
V. Yu. Startsev ◽  
A. Yu. Kolmakov
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Urogenital Schistosomiasis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Introduction.Globalization contributes to the increase in cases of “exotic” bacterial and parasitic infections importation from the countries of the tropical belt to the territory of our country and to European states.Purpose of research. Study and analysis of data on the methods of diagnosis and treatment of urogenital schistosomiasis at the present stageMaterials and methods. The study includes an analysis of the examination and treatment results of 181 patients with urogenital schistosomiasis (US) living in the province of Benguela, Republic of Angola. In 39 (21,5%) cases are revealed schistosomal bladder cancer. All patients with schistosomal bladder cancer (SBC) were operated. 142 patients (78.5%) were divided into two groups. Group I (n = 74) consisted of patients with uncomplicated MS, into group II (n = 68) patients had granulomatous proliferative inflammatory changes in the bladder.Results.Patients with US (n = 142) were examined on an outpatient basis. Cytological exmination of urine sediment (CEUS) showed that eggs of schistosomes were detected in 38 (26.8%) patients. Ultrasound showed specific granulomatous changes in the mucous membrane of the urinary bladder in 28 (19.7%) patients. In 7 (4.9%) cases it showed hydronephrosis, calcification. Bladder wall thickening were detected in 10 (7%) and 99 (69.7%) cases, respectively. Endoscopic examination showed the presence of granulomatous changes in the bladder in 68 (47.9%) patients. Patients of group I (n = 74) received «Praziquantel» in combination with oral antibiotic therapy, which resulted in the relief of macrohematuria and urination disorders. All patients of group II (n = 68) also underwent antibacterial and antiprotozoal therapy. In addition, 35 (24.6%) patients underwent transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB). The results of control observations showed the restoration of bladder mucous layer. Of the 33 (23.2%) patients in Group II who received only antibacterial and antiprotozoal therapy, granulomatous changes persisted in 7 (4.9%) patients. In connection with this, TURB was performed for these patients. Subsequent control studies showed regression of the formations in this group of patientsConclusions.CEUS and ultrasound are not sufficient for diagnosis of US. Cystoscopy is suitable for all patients with MS. It allows to estimate the volume of the bladder lesion, and to determine the indications for performing TURP in addition to the use of antiparasitic and antibacterial therapy.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF LASER EN BLOC RESECTION OF THE BLADDER TUMOR FOR NON-MUSCLE-INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
A. A. Kamalov ◽  
N. I. Sorokin ◽  
A. M. Dymov ◽  
D. A. Kislyakov ◽  
D. M. Kamalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Bladder Tumor ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
En Bloc Resection ◽  
Bloc Resection ◽  
Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Abstract: In recent decades bladder cancer has become one of the most topical problems of modern healthcare due to its widespread distribution. This makes it necessary to investigate new effective methods of surgical treatment.Objective: Assessment of the effectiveness of en bloc resection of the bladder with tumor by analyzing scientific publications on this matter.Materials and methods: We have analyzed current articles related to this topic on the databases Pubmed and Google Scholar. The search was performed using the keywords «Bladder Tumor», «En bloc resection of the bladder wall», «non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer».Results: Most studies confirm the advantages of laser en bloc resection over other methods in terms of such parameters as the frequency of recurrence, macrohematuria, and the quality of morphological material.Conclusions: Laser en bloc resection of a bladder tumor without invasion of the muscle layer is a safe and effective operation that has a number of advantages over classical transurethral resection, namely: no obturator syndrome, high-quality material for pathomorphological research, low recurrence rate.

SOME GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH THE BLADDER CANCER, HISTOPATHOLOGY AND THE RELATION WITH THE STAGE

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Van Mao Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Key Words Bladder Cancer ◽  
Histopathological Grade ◽  
The Times

Background: The tumourlike lesions of the bladder highly oriented as malignant tumours in which the urothelial type was predominant. Many factors were related to this disease, especially the age, gender and smoking have been indicated. The diagnosis, staging and the determination of the factor related to the disease stage were important for the treatment. Objectives: To describe some general characteristics of patients with the bladder cancer. To determine the relation between some general characteristics of patients with the bladder cancer, histopathological grade and the stage. Materials, method: cross - sectional study on 59 cases in Hue University Hospital and Hue Central Hospital from April, 2016 to March, 2017. Results: the male patients were dominant with M/F ratio: 3.2/1; the average age was 66,5, most of them were peasants and the smoking male patient was accounting for 61.0%; the tumours appeared for the first time were 64.4%, for the second time or more were 35.6%. Histopathology and the relation with the disease stage showed that: the most frequent type of cancer was urothelial (98.3%), the squamous cell cancer was only 1.7%; histopathologically, the high grade was frequent (83.1%) including the grade 2 (50.9%), grade 3 (32.2%) and the low grade (grade 1) of only 16.9%; the majority of the tumours were in muscular invave stage (79.7%) and the superficial ones were lower of only 20.3%; there was the relation between histopathological grade and the invasive stage; otherwise it didn’t find any relation between the times of history that patients affected or the tumour size with the stage of bladder cancer in this research. Conclusion: majority of the patients came at the late stage (muscular invasive tumour) and the number of bladder cancer in male was higher than in female, about 61% of male patient have been smoking. There was the relation between histopathological grade and the invasive stage; otherwise it didn’t find any relation between the times of history that patients affected or the tumour size with the stage of bladder cancer in this research. Key words: bladder cancer, histopathology, urothelial carcinoma, differentiation grade, stage, muscular invasion

scholarly journals Prediction of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Response in Patients with Bladder Cancer after Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor by Using Genetic Variation Based on Genomic Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Guangliang Jiang ◽  
Xu Liu ◽  
Rong Na ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Transurethral Resection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bladder Tumor ◽  
Copy Number Variations ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Somatic Variation ◽  
Key Words Bladder Cancer ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers

Purpose. We aimed to comprehensively review contemporary literature on genetic and epigenetic biomarkers associated with the prediction of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) response after the transurethral resection of a bladder tumor and to discuss the application of these biomarkers in precision cancer care for bladder cancer. Method. We performed a systematic review of published literatures in the databases PubMed and Embase by using the following key words: bladder cancer, BCG, gene, and methylation. Studies associated with cell lines, animal models, and muscle invasive bladder cancer were excluded. Results. The genetic variations associated with BCG response can be classified into three categories: germline variations, somatic variations, and epigenetic alterations. Genes related to BCG response were mainly involved in single-nucleotide polymorphisms, copy number variations, and gene methylations. Conclusions. Although these gene alterations are currently the most promising predictive markers of BCG response, most studies about bladder cancer DNA biomarkers are related to germline variations in candidate genes, and the results are not consistent. Only one study is related to somatic variation, and further evaluation in large-scale validation studies should be conducted to assess the potential clinical application of these findings. In addition, other biomarkers based on different “–omics” technologies should be considered in future studies.

En bloc transurethral resection of bladder tumor: A review of the literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 205141582199373
Author(s):  
Jonathan Kopel ◽  
Pranav Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Transurethral Resection ◽  
Bladder Tumor ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Bladder Cancer Recurrence

Bladder cancer remains one of the most common malignancies of the genitourinary tract. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) via cystoscopy with examination under anesthesia remains the primary method for determining the diagnosis and clinical stage of bladder cancer. Given the substantial cost of treatment and risk of bladder cancer recurrence after TURBT, novel approaches to transurethral resection, such as the en bloc technique, have been developed in an attempt to address these limitations. In this review, we examined the postoperative and oncological outcomes of en bloc TURBT compared to traditional resection techniques. Further prospective clinical studies, however, are still necessary to determine whether these alternative technologies or surgical techniques may improve treatment in bladder cancer patients. Level of evidence: Not applicable.

Surface Labeling with Adhesion Protein FimH Improves Binding of Immunotherapeutic Agent Salmonella Ty21a to the Bladder Epithelium

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Maroeska J. Burggraaf ◽  
Lisette Waanders ◽  
Mariska Verlaan ◽  
Janneke Maaskant ◽  
Diane Houben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Bladder Epithelium ◽  
Modest Improvement ◽  
Adhesion Protein ◽  
Survival Experiment ◽  
Muscle Invasive

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer in men. 70% of these tumors are classified as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and those patients receive 6 intravesical instillations with Mycobacterium bovis BCG after transurethral resection. However, 30% of patients show recurrences after treatment and experience severe side effects that often lead to therapy discontinuation. Recently, another vaccine strain, Salmonella enterica typhi Ty21a, demonstrated promising antitumor activity in vivo. Here we focus on increasing bacterial retention in the bladder in order to reduce the number of instillations required and improve antitumor activity. OBJECTIVE: To increase the binding of Ty21a to the bladder wall by surface labeling of the bacteria with adhesion protein FimH and to study its effect in a bladder cancer mouse model. METHODS: Binding of Ty21a with surface-labeled FimH to the bladder wall was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor effect of a single instillation of Ty21a+FimH in treatment was determined in a survival experiment. RESULTS: FimH-labeled Ty21a showed significant (p <  0.0001) improved binding to mouse and human cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, FimH labeled bacteria showed ∼5x more binding to the bladder than controls in vivo. Enhanced binding to the bladder via FimH labeling induced a modest improvement in median but not in overall mice survival. CONCLUSIONS: FimH labeling of Ty21a significantly improved binding to bladder tumor cells in vitro and the bladder wall in vivo. The improved binding leads to a modest increase in median survival in a single bladder cancer mouse study.

scholarly journals Variable clinical characteristics and laboratory results in five patients with Chinese Good's syndrome (thymoma and hypogammaglobulinemia): an 8-year retrospective analysis in a university hospital in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyao Ni ◽  
Junwu Zhang ◽  
Yanxia Chen ◽  
Weizhong Wang ◽  
Jinlin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Hospital Information System ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Ivig Treatment ◽  
Good’S Syndrome ◽  
Laboratory Results

Abstract Background Good's syndrome (GS) is a rare secondary immunodeficiency disease presenting as thymoma and hypogammaglobulinemia. Due to its rarity, the diagnosis of GS is often missed. Methods We used the hospital information system to retrospectively screen thymoma and hypogammaglobulinemia patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from Apr 2012 to Apr 2020. The clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data for these patients were collected and analyzed. Results Among the 181 screened thymoma patients, 5 thymoma patients with hypogammaglobulinemia were identified; 3 patients had confirmed diagnoses of GS, and the other 2 did not have a diagnosis of GS recorded in the hospital information system. A retrospective review of the clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and follow-up data for these 2 undiagnosed patients confirmed the diagnosis of GS. All 5 GS patients presented with pneumonia, 2 patients presented with recurrent skin abscesses, 2 patients presented with recurrent cough and expectoration, 1 patient presented with recurrent oral lichen planus and diarrhea, and 1 patient presented with tuberculosis and granulomatous epididymitis. In the years after the diagnosis of hypogammaglobulinemia with mild symptoms, all 5 patients had received irregular intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment. As the course of the disease progressed, the clinical symptoms of all patients worsened, but the symptoms were partly resolved with IVIG in these patients. However, 4 patients died due to comorbidities. Conclusion GS should be investigated as a possible diagnosis in thymoma patients who present with hypogammaglobulinemia, especially those with recurrent opportunistic infections, recurrent skin abscesses, chronic diarrhea, or recurrent lichen planus.

381 Role of CT scans of abdomen and pelvis in management of patients with immunotherapy-induced colitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A406-A406
Author(s):  
Juan Ibarra Rovira ◽  
Raghunandan Vikram ◽  
Selvi Thirumurthi ◽  
Bulent Yilmaz ◽  
Heather Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

BackgroundColitis is one of the most common immune-related adverse event in patients who receive immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). Although radiographic changes are reported on computed tomography such as mild diffuse bowel thickening or segmental colitis, the utility of CT in diagnosis of patients with suspected immune-related colitis is not well studied.MethodsCT scans of the abdomen and pelvis of 34 patients on immunotherapy with a clinical diagnosis of immunotherapy induced colitis and 19 patients receiving immunotherapy without clinical symptoms of colitis (control) were enrolled in this retrospective study. Segments of the colon (rectum, sigmoid, descending, transverse, ascending and cecum) were assessed independently by two fellowship trained abdominal imaging specialists with 7 and 13 years‘ experience who were blinded to the clinical diagnosis. Each segment was assessed for mucosal enhancement, wall thickening, distension, peri-serosal fat stranding. Any disagreements were resolved in consensus. The degree of distension and the spurious assignment of wall thickening were the most common causes for disagreement. The presence of any of the signs was considered as radiographic evidence of colitis.ResultsCT evidence of colitis was seen in 16 of 34 patients with symptoms of colitis. 7 of 19 patients who did not have symptoms of colitis showed signs of colitis on CT. The sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value and Negative Predictive Value for colitis on CT is 47%, 63.2%, 69.5% and 40%, respectively.ConclusionsCT has a low sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of immunotherapy-induced colitis. CT has no role in the diagnosis of patients suspected of having uncomplicated immune-related colitis and should not be used routinely for management.Trial RegistrationThis protocol is not registered on clinicaltrials.gov.Ethics ApprovalThis protocol was IRB approved on: 11/16/2015 - IRB 4 Chair Designee FWA #: 00000363 OHRP IRB Registration Number: IRB 4 IRB00005015ConsentThis protocol utilizes an IRB approved waiver of consent.

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