SOME GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH THE BLADDER CANCER, HISTOPATHOLOGY AND THE RELATION WITH THE STAGE

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Van Mao Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Key Words Bladder Cancer ◽  
Histopathological Grade ◽  
The Times

Background: The tumourlike lesions of the bladder highly oriented as malignant tumours in which the urothelial type was predominant. Many factors were related to this disease, especially the age, gender and smoking have been indicated. The diagnosis, staging and the determination of the factor related to the disease stage were important for the treatment. Objectives: To describe some general characteristics of patients with the bladder cancer. To determine the relation between some general characteristics of patients with the bladder cancer, histopathological grade and the stage. Materials, method: cross - sectional study on 59 cases in Hue University Hospital and Hue Central Hospital from April, 2016 to March, 2017. Results: the male patients were dominant with M/F ratio: 3.2/1; the average age was 66,5, most of them were peasants and the smoking male patient was accounting for 61.0%; the tumours appeared for the first time were 64.4%, for the second time or more were 35.6%. Histopathology and the relation with the disease stage showed that: the most frequent type of cancer was urothelial (98.3%), the squamous cell cancer was only 1.7%; histopathologically, the high grade was frequent (83.1%) including the grade 2 (50.9%), grade 3 (32.2%) and the low grade (grade 1) of only 16.9%; the majority of the tumours were in muscular invave stage (79.7%) and the superficial ones were lower of only 20.3%; there was the relation between histopathological grade and the invasive stage; otherwise it didn’t find any relation between the times of history that patients affected or the tumour size with the stage of bladder cancer in this research. Conclusion: majority of the patients came at the late stage (muscular invasive tumour) and the number of bladder cancer in male was higher than in female, about 61% of male patient have been smoking. There was the relation between histopathological grade and the invasive stage; otherwise it didn’t find any relation between the times of history that patients affected or the tumour size with the stage of bladder cancer in this research. Key words: bladder cancer, histopathology, urothelial carcinoma, differentiation grade, stage, muscular invasion

CLINICAL SYMPTOMS, ULTRASOUND AND HISTOPATHOLOGY OF TUMORLIKE LESIONS OF THE BLADDER.

2017 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Van Mao Nguyen ◽  
Thi Bich Chi Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Bladder Tumor ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Key Words Bladder Cancer

Background: Bladder cancer is one of the most frequent type of urinary cancer which has been ever increasing. For the better treatment, the early discovery and definite diagnosis of this disease played an important role. Objective: To describe some clinical symptoms and ultrasound features of tumorlike lesions of the bladder. To diagnose and classify the histopathology of tumorlike lesions of the bladder. Materials, method: cross - sectional study on 64 cases in Hue University Hospital and Hue central hospital from April, 2016 to February, 2017. Results: Hematuria was the most common reason that patients went to hospital (79.7%). Lower abdominal pain and irritation during urination accounting for 9.4% and 6.2% respectively. Only 3 patients with bladder cancer were accidentally discovered through periodic health examination (4.7%). The characteristics of hematuria in bladder tumor was flesh red urine (62.5%) and total hematuria (60.7%). With ultrasonography, the results of 64 patients were divided in 3 groups as follow: bladder tumor, which was the highest rate 87.5%, bladder polyp was 3.1% and focal bladder wall thickening was 9.4%. Of which, the vast majority of these ultrasound images was tumor - like lesions protruding in the lumen of the bladder (75%), the rest was wall thickening lesions (25%). Tumors were different in size, the biggest tumor was 7cm in diameter and the smallest was 0.6cm. Those with the diameter 3cm or bigger accounting for 42.2%, the smaller was 57.8%. Most cases have only one lesion (62.5%) and at lateral wall (46.6%). Histopathologically, cancer was 59/64 case (92.2%): urothelial carcinoma was 98.3 %, squamous cell carcinomawas 1.7% and 5 cases (7.8%) were benign. Most cancerous cases were poorly differentiated, grade II (50.9%) and grade III (32.2%). The stage T1NxMx was 20.3% and worse than T2MxNx was 79.7%. Conclusion: hematuria was the most popular symptom, suggesting bladder cancer. Clinical diagnosing bladder cancer was not high sensitive (61.01%). Ultrasound could detect bladder tumor with high sensitive (89.8%). These patients also needed histopathology classification to diagnose and finally choose the best method for the appropriate treatment. Key words: bladder cancer, histopathology, ultrasound, uroepithelial carcinoma, hematuria

scholarly journals Noninvasive Detection of Bladder Cancer by Shallow-Depth Genome-Wide Bisulfite Sequencing of Urinary Cell-Free DNA for Methylation and Copy Number Profiling

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 927-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy H T Cheng ◽  
Peiyong Jiang ◽  
Jeremy Y C Teoh ◽  
Macy M S Heung ◽  
Jacqueline C W Tam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Bisulfite Sequencing ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Shallow Depth ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Tumor Load

Abstract BACKGROUND The current diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer are heavily reliant on cystoscopy, an invasive and costly procedure. Previous efforts in urine-based detection of bladder cancer focused on targeted approaches that are predicated on the tumor expressing specific aberrations. We aimed to noninvasively detect bladder cancer by the genome-wide assessment of methylomic and copy number aberrations (CNAs). We also investigated the size of tumor cell-free (cf)DNA fragments. METHODS Shallow-depth paired-end genome-wide bisulfite sequencing of urinary cfDNA was done for 46 bladder cancer patients and 39 cancer-free controls with hematuria. We assessed (a) proportional contribution from different tissues by methylation deconvolution, (b) global hypomethylation, (c) CNA, and (d) cfDNA size profile. RESULTS Methylomic and copy number approaches were synergistically combined to detect bladder cancer with a sensitivity of 93.5% (84.2% for low-grade nonmuscle-invasive disease) and a specificity of 95.8%. The prevalence of methylomic and CNAs reflected disease stage and tumor size. Sampling over multiple time points could assess residual disease and changes in tumor load. Muscle-invasive bladder cancer was associated with a higher proportion of long cfDNA, as well as longer cfDNA fragments originating from genomic regions enriched for tumor DNA. CONCLUSIONS Bladder cancer can be detected noninvasively in urinary cfDNA by methylomic and copy number analysis without previous knowledge or assumptions of specific aberrations. Such analysis could be used as a liquid biopsy to aid diagnosis and for potential longitudinal monitoring of tumor load. Further understanding of the differential size and fragmentation of cfDNA could improve the detection of bladder cancer.

scholarly journals Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) Is a Positive Prognosticator for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8479
Author(s):  
Tilman L. R. Vogelsang ◽  
Aurelia Vattai ◽  
Elisa Schmoeckel ◽  
Till Kaltofen ◽  
Anca Chelariu-Raicu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Trace Amine

Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a Gαs- protein coupled receptor that plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system and neurotransmission in the CNS. In ovarian cancer cell lines, stimulation of TAAR1 via 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) reduces cell viability and induces cell death and DNA damage. Aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of TAAR1 on overall survival of ovarian carcinoma patients and the correlation of TAAR1 expression with clinical parameters. Ovarian cancer tissue of n = 156 patients who were diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer (serous, n = 110 (high-grade, n = 80; low-grade, n = 24; unknown, n = 6); clear cell, n = 12; endometrioid, n = 21; mucinous, n = 13), and who underwent surgery at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany between 1990 and 2002, were analyzed. The tissue was stained immunohistochemically with anti-TAAR1 and evaluated with the semiquantitative immunoreactive score (IRS). TAAR1 expression was correlated with grading, FIGO and TNM-classification, and analyzed via the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Further statistical analysis was obtained using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test and Mann-Whitney-U-test. This study shows that high TAAR1 expression is a positive prognosticator for overall survival in ovarian cancer patients and is significantly enhanced in low-grade serous carcinomas compared to high-grade serous carcinomas. The influence of TAAR1 as a positive prognosticator on overall survival indicates a potential prognostic relevance of signal transduction of thyroid hormone derivatives in epithelial ovarian cancer. Further studies are required to evaluate TAAR1 and its role in the development of ovarian cancer.

scholarly journals A urine-based DNA methylation assay to facilitate early detection and risk stratification of bladder cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimei Ruan ◽  
Xu Chen ◽  
Ming Huang ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Jiaxin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Operative Risk ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Methylation Assay ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Abstract Background Current non-invasive tests have limited sensitivities and lack capabilities of pre-operative risk stratification for bladder cancer (BC) diagnosis. We aimed to develop and validate a urine-based DNA methylation assay as a clinically feasible test for improving BC detection and enabling pre-operative risk stratifications. Methods A urine-based DNA methylation assay was developed and validated by retrospective single-center studies in patients of suspected BC in Cohort 1 (n = 192) and Cohort 2 (n = 98), respectively. In addition, a prospective single-center study in hematuria patient group (Cohort 3, n = 174) was used as a second validation of the model. Results The assay with a dual-marker detection model showed 88.1% and 91.2% sensitivities, 89.7% and 85.7% specificities in validation Cohort 2 (patients of suspected BC) and Cohort 3 (patients of hematuria), respectively. Furthermore, this assay showed improved sensitivities over cytology and FISH on detecting low-grade tumor (66.7–77.8% vs. 0.0–22.2%, 0.0–22.2%), Ta tumor (83.3% vs. 22.2–41.2%, 44.4–52.9%) and non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC) (80.0–89.7% vs. 51.5–52.0%, 59.4–72.0%) in both cohorts. The assay also had higher accuracies (88.9–95.8%) in diagnosing cases with concurrent genitourinary disorders as compared to cytology (55.6–70.8%) and FISH (72.2–77.8%). Meanwhile, the assay with a five-marker stratification model identified high-risk NMIBC and muscle invasive BC with 90.5% sensitivity and 86.8% specificity in Cohort 2. Conclusions The urine-based DNA methylation assay represents a highly sensitive and specific approach for BC early-stage detection and risk stratification. It has a potential to be used as a routine test to improve diagnosis and prognosis of BC in clinic.

scholarly journals High neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts early neurological deterioration in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafaa S. Mohamed ◽  
Amr E. Kamel ◽  
Ahmed H. Abdelwahab ◽  
Mohamed E. Mahdy
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Absolute Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Neurological Deterioration ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Nihss Score ◽  
Early Neurological Deterioration ◽  
Gcs Score

Abstract Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is caused by bleeding, primarily into parenchymal brain tissue, and accounts for 9 to 27% of all strokes worldwide. Higher neutrophils, lower lymphocytes, and higher neutrophil-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR) values predict worse outcomes after spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and could aid in the risk stratification of patients. Methods Eighty patients with sICH within the first 24 h of stroke onset and admitted into the neurology intensive care unit of an Egyptian university hospital and were assessed by GCS for consciousness level and NIHSS for stroke severity assessment, complete blood count, and special attention to NLR. Patients were reevaluated by GCS and NIHSS on the 7th day of the stroke. Early neurological deterioration (END) was defined as four points or a greater increase in the NIHSS score or two points or a greater decrease in GCS or death. Results END was recorded in 21.25% of patients while non-END was recorded in 78.75%. END was highly significantly associated with a low grade of GCS, high grade of NIHSS, elevated absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), and elevated NLR. Lower GCS score, higher NIHSS score, larger hematoma volume, and higher NLR values were independent predictors for END. The best cutoff of NLR in END prediction was > 9.1. Conclusion NLR is a trustworthy early predictor of sICH outcome.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of Telomerase Activity in Patients With Bladder Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Peng ◽  
Jinze Li ◽  
Chunyang Meng ◽  
Jinming Li ◽  
Dandan Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Telomerase Activity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Significant Difference

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of telomerase activity (TA) for bladder cancer (BC) by meta-analysis.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of studies published on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to June 1, 2019. We used Stata 15 and Review Manager 5.3 for calculations and statistical analysis.ResultsTo evaluate the diagnostic value of TA for BC, we performed a meta-analysis on 22 studies, with a total of 2,867 individuals, including sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio (PLR, NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The pooled parameters were calculated from all studies, and we found a sensitivity of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.72–0.84), a specificity of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87–0.94), a PLR of 8.91 (95% CI: 5.91–13.43), an NLR of 0.24 (95% CI: 0.15–0.37), a DOR of 37.90 (95% CI: 23.32–61.59), and an AUC of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.90–0.94). We also conducted a subgroup analysis based on the different stages and grades of BC. Results from the subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in TA in either high and low stages of BC, but that low-grade tumors had a lower TA than high-grade tumours.ConclusionsTA can be used as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of bladder cancer with its high specificity. Rigorous and high-quality prospective studies are required to verify our conclusion.

scholarly journals Alternating Cystoscopy with Bladder EpiCheck ® in the Surveillance of Low-Grade Intermediate-Risk NMIBC: A Cost Comparison Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yair Lotan ◽  
Georgios Gakis ◽  
Matteo Manfredi ◽  
Juan Morote ◽  
Hugh Mostafid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cancer Surveillance ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Urine Marker

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer surveillance is invasive, intensive and costly. Patients with low grade intermediate risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are at high risk of recurrence. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this model is to compare the cost of a strategy to alternate surveillance with cystoscopy and a urine marker, Bladder EpiCheck, to standard surveillance. METHODS: A decision tree model was built using TreeAge Pro Healthcare to compare standard surveillance (Standard) with a modified surveillance incorporating Bladder EpiCheck. The model was based on 2 years of surveillance. Outcomes were obtained from literature. Costs were obtained from US and 9 European countries. Sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: The efficacy of the model was equivalent in terms of recurrence for each arm with median recurrence rate of 22%. When setting marker price at 200 local currency, the marker arm was less expensive in the USA, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Italy, Austria and UK by 154€ to 329€ per patient, for a 2-year period. Cost was higher in France, Spain, and Germany by 33–103€. Cost parity was achieved with marker price between 148€ and $421. Marker cost and specificity have the greatest impact on the overall model cost. CONCLUSIONS: A strategy alternating the urine marker Bladder EpiCheck with cystoscopy in the surveillance of patients with low grade intermediate risk bladder cancer is cost equivalent in the US and European countries when the marker is priced 148€ –$421, as a result of the marker’s high specificity (86%). Prospective studies will be necessary to validate these findings.

The expression of programmed death-ligand 1 and its association with histopathological grade, stage of disease, and occurrence of metastasis in breast cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Agung Sindu Pranoto ◽  
Haryasena Haryasena ◽  
Prihantono Prihantono ◽  
Septiman Rahman ◽  
Daniel Sampepajung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Tumor Escape ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Programmed Death Ligand 1 ◽  
Histopathological Grade ◽  
Stage Of Disease ◽  
Programmed Death ◽  
The Relationship

INTRODUCTION: Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a role in tumor escape and progression by inactivating T lymphocytes. The aim of the study reported here was to determine the relationship between the expression of PD-L1 and histopathological grade, stage of disease, and the occurrence of metastasis in breast cancer. METHODS: The observational cross-sectional study involved analyzing the expression of PD-L1 by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: PD-LI was expressed in 43 of 60 patients with breast cancer (71.6%), mostly with a moderate histopathological grade (58.3%) and at an advanced stage (50%). Associations between the expression of PD-L1 and histopathological grade (p = 0.011), stage of disease (p = 0.009), and the occurrence of metastasis (p = 0.01) were significant, with an odds ratio of 5. CONCLUSION: The associations between the expression of PD-L1 and histopathological grade, disease stage, and occurrence of metastasis were all significant in cases of breast cancer in the sample. Those findings suggest that the expression of PD-L1 increases the progression of breast cancer.

scholarly journals Imaging of Bladder Cancer: Standard Applications and Future Trends

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Rasha Taha Abouelkheir ◽  
Abdalla Abdelhamid ◽  
Mohamed Abou El-Ghar ◽  
Tarek El-Diasty
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Cancer Staging ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Standard Application ◽  
Muscle Invasive ◽  
Muscle Invasion ◽  
Low Sensitivity

The evolution in imaging has had an increasing role in the diagnosis, staging and follow up of bladder cancer. Conventional cystoscopy is crucial in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. However, a cystoscopic procedure cannot always depict carcinoma in situ (CIS) or differentiate benign from malignant tumors prior to biopsy. This review will discuss the standard application, novel imaging modalities and their additive role in patients with bladder cancer. Staging can be performed with CT, but distinguishing between T1 and T2 BCa (bladder cancer) cannot be assessed. MRI can distinguish muscle-invasive from non-muscle-invasive tumors with accurate local staging. Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) score is a new diagnostic modality used for the prediction of tumor aggressiveness and therapeutic response. Bone scintigraphy is recommended in patients with muscle-invasive BCa with suspected bony metastases. CT shows low sensitivity for nodal staging; however, PET (Positron Emission Tomography)/CT is superior and highly recommended for restaging and determining therapeutic effect. PET/MRI is a new imaging technique in bladder cancer imaging and its role is promising. Texture analysis has shown significant steps in discriminating low-grade from high-grade bladder cancer. Radiomics could be a reliable method for quantitative assessment of the muscle invasion of bladder cancer.

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Study of the Bladder Cancer Applying a State-Space Model with Non-Exponential Staying Time in States

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Delia Montoro-Cazorla ◽  
Rafael Pérez-Ocón ◽  
Alicia Pereira das Neves-Yedig
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
State Space Model ◽  
Exponential Distributions ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Phase Type Distributions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Times ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Staying Time

A longitudinal study for 847 bladder cancer patients for a period of fifteen years is presented. After the first surgery, the patients undergo successive ones (recurrences). A state-model is selected for analyzing the evolution of the cancer, based on the distribution of the times between recurrences. These times do not follow exponential distributions, and are approximated by phase-type distributions. Under these conditions, a multidimensional Markov process governs the evolution of the disease. The survival probability and mean times in the different states (levels) of the disease are calculated empirically and also by applying the Markov model, the comparison of the results indicate that the model is well-fitted to the data to an acceptable significance level of 0.05. Two sub-cohorts are well-differenced: those reaching progression (the bladder is removed) and those that do not. These two cases are separately studied and performance measures calculated, and the comparison reveals details about the characteristics of the patients in these groups.

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