scholarly journals Morality in the Cyberspace: Legal and Non-Legal Assessment of Information while Users Realize Their Right to Freedom of Expression

2018 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Public Morality ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
The One ◽  
Self Protection ◽  
The Web

Nowadays the inflence of the Internet on social processes is rapidly growing, so the Internet is recognized as a signifiant platform for realization of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, including the freedom of expression. At the same time, some of the ideas and opinions published on the Web can be offensive to a number of users, and public morality can be an effective measure of such behavior. The main goal of the work is to determine the balance between realization of the freedom of expression on the one hand and protection of public morality on the Web, on the other. Its comparison is carried out by defiing the categories of morality and immorality in philosophy and law, as well as identifying subjects of protection of morality on the Internet and its risks. Particular attention is paid to studying cyberharassment in its various manifestations, specifially in the light of foreign experience. In conclusion the key role of self-protection of citizens in the Web is underlined. The authors point out that we need to remove legal gaps in protection of citizens from harmful information and cyberharassment. At the same time the natural human right to express one’s opinion should not be violated.

scholarly journals Freedom of Expression in Distributed Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 741-751
Author(s):  
Ejvind Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Global System ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The One ◽  
Democratic Elections ◽  
Global Government

This paper proposes the following question: Is it possible to transfer human rights like the freedom of expression – or at least to preserve the formal protections guarding speech acts from arbitrary suppression – in a post-national setting? The question arises as an urgent matter in the context of our global system of connected markets and distributed telecommunications networks – the Internet – since, as many academics and policy makers have noted, the two tend to undermine nationals boundaries, putting into question the power of individual states to continue function as the traditional legal and identity-generating entities of last resort.   If this analysis is reliable the dialectical union between the autonomous individual citizen and the legally regulated nation state is broken. In this paper I will draw the consequences of that supposed break, exploring the question of the extent to which it makes sense to accord “rights” – freedom of expression – to entities that are not classical autonomous humans, and to confer them by entities that no longer bear the marks of nation-state sovereignty. The question thus is: Is it possible to transfer the normative approach of the classic liberal nation states into a global system?   The paper explores this question through an elaboration of problems for the preservation of the human right to freedom of expression: On the one hand communication on the Internet is regulated by an immense legal body, but on the other hand, the machinery for enforcement controlled by this legal body is dependent on various agencies that don’t necessarily recognize its legitimacy. I will then explore whether a more technologically oriented approach could be a more fruitful approach in defining the actual limitations to freedom of expression in the new global system. My answer is that ultimately the control paradigm fails, because it is too clumsy at incorporating self-correcting measures. Thirdly, I suggest that the best solution to the challenges to freedom of expression in the global system must be a Global Government of the Internet, a government that is defined by (i) democratic elections, (ii) a constitutional body, and (iii) deliberative institutions.

ASPECTS IN BUILDING A COMPANY WEB-SITE AND ITS ROLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS

2018 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Petar Halachev ◽  
Victoria Radeva ◽  
Albena Nikiforova ◽  
Miglena Veneva
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Web Site ◽  
The Internet ◽  
A Company ◽  
The Web ◽  
Design Construction ◽  
Made In ◽  
Site Types

This report is dedicated to the role of the web site as an important tool for presenting business on the Internet. Classification of site types has been made in terms of their application in the business and the types of structures in their construction. The Models of the Life Cycle for designing business websites are analyzed and are outlined their strengths and weaknesses. The stages in the design, construction, commissioning, and maintenance of a business website are distinguished and the activities and requirements of each stage are specified.

Judicializing Religion

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-188
Author(s):  
Yvonne Tew
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Malaysian Politics ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Civil Courts

Religion has become one of the great fault lines of modern Malaysian politics and adjudication. This chapter focuses on the role of religion and religious freedom in the contemporary Malaysian state. It outlines the constitution-making process to locate the place of Islam and religious liberty within the Constitution’s generally secular original framework. Over the past quarter century, the politicization and judicialization of religion has led to an expansion of Islam’s role, fueling polarizing debate over the Malaysian state’s identity as secular or Islamic. Courts have contributed to elevating Islam’s position by deferring jurisdiction to the Sharia courts and expansively interpreting Islam’s constitutional position. The chapter then turns from the descriptive to the prescriptive. It discusses how courts can draw on the constitutional basic structure doctrine to entrench the judicial power of the civil courts to reclaim jurisdictional areas that engage constitutional rights which in the past they have ceded to the religious courts, such as apostasy. It also outlines how courts can use a purposive interpretive approach in line with the Constitution’s framework of protection for religious minorities and individual rights. Finally, it shows how the court can operationalize a proportionality analysis to closely scrutinize government regulations that restrict religious freedom or freedom of expression.

Freiraum oder Herrschaftsgebiet

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thilo Goeble
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Human Right ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
Legal Barriers

In this book, the author discusses the questions of whether and how international legal barriers already limit the power of states on the Internet today and what these might look like in the future. In particular, he focuses on access to the Internet being a human right. One focus is freedom of expression and information at the level of the United Nations and the Council of Europe, which are examined from the perspective of various dimensions of intervention. For this purpose, a detailed evaluation of the existing documents and case law in this respect is carried out. Subsequently, the author provides his own proposal for access to the Internet being a human right de lege ferenda. Due to the qualification of the Internet as an international (super)space, international legal barriers, which arise in particular from the area of international environmental law, the rules of international relations and humanitarian international law, are also examined with regard to their transferability.

The Emerging Field of Internet Governance

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura DeNardis
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Net Neutrality ◽  
Internet Governance ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Policy Arenas

This chapter demonstrates the significance of the emerging field of Internet governance, highlighting issues over standards, names and numbers, and net neutrality, which are unfolding in a variety of contexts around the world, including the Internet Governance Forum. It describes how technology could bias outcomes across policy arenas, such as privacy or freedom of expression. Internet governance generally refers to policy and technical coordination issues related to the exchange of information over the Internet. Governance has had immediate implications for freedom of expression online. Despite the significant public interest implications, Internet governance is largely hidden from public view. A crucial role of Internet governance research is to evaluate the implications of the tension between forces of openness and forces of enclosure, examine the implications of the privatisation of governance, and bring to public light the key issues at stake at the intersection of technical expediency and the public interest.

scholarly journals WWW support of student learning: A case study

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Greening
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
The Internet ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pedagogical Tool ◽  
Constructivist Position ◽  
The Web

<span>The World Wide Web (WWW) is achieving a place of prominence in educational practice. However, the benefits of using the Web to support learning are not always apparent. The most prominent public feature of the Internet is the multitude of possibilities that it presents for information retrieval. This is widely believed to offer educational advantage, although the means by which that advantage are realised are typically not well specified. The paper discusses the role of information retrieval opportunities presented by the Internet, and suggests that it requires a new model of information access best supported by a reconsideration of educational philosophy. The constructivist position is favoured. The paper also discusses issues in using the Internet to deliver courses, arguing that the delivery model does not take full advantage of the new possibilities offered by the technology. It then presents a case study of the use of the Web in a first year computer science course, offered in a Problem Based Learning (PBL) mode. The focus is on the appropriate use of the technology as a pedagogical tool in higher education. In the case of a curriculum clearly founded on constructivist principles an important factor in the appropriateness of the supporting technology was that it did not encourage staff and students to adopt more familiar, instructivist patterns of behaviour. In this sense, the role of the Internet within the curriculum needed to be different to those roles that currently tend to typify it.</span>

scholarly journals Intrinsic Balance in Generation Z: Between Individualization & Massification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Shlegel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
New Generation

The examination of the ‘incoming’ generation as a new sociocultural type of contemporary human remains relevant at all times. The eldest representatives of the new generation (so called ‘Generation Z’ or the ‘Digital generation’) are today’s alumni who crave to take over the world, re-arranging it in accordance with their interests and views, and claim to become the ‘leading generation’ of our century. Research into this generation, the attempt to understand it is undoubtedly an important task. This material is dedicated to the matter of defining the interrelation between individualisation and the massification in ‘generation Z’ representatives. The research methods used in the study are as follows: philosophic-anthropological analysis, content-analysis, and scientific data interpretation. The research work contains the thesis that tendencies of individualisation and massification in the lives of ‘digital children’ are inextricable and consistent. The role of the Internet in general and social networks in particular in the process of individualisation of Generation Z is discussed, touching on the problem of ‘stereotypness’, by which individualisation of a person begins to be built in cyberspace. The new generation, on the one hand, is somewhat disconnected from the real world, feeling and creating its uniqueness and individuality, and on the other hand, maintaining a sense of community, unity and solidarity, but only often through a virtual environment. At the same time, consolidating quickly and going offline as needed.

scholarly journals Fonctionnement interlingual des mèmes humoristiques : entre création, interprétation et traduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szeflińska-Baran
Keyword(s):  
Broad Sense ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Web

The article focuses on the multisemiotic functioning of Internet memes in communication through the web, focused, among other things, on a humorous effect. The role of the image, first of all, in the creation of the Internet meme and also in its re-application in a multicultural and interlingual environment seems fundamental. This iconic element is part of the large and varied number of relationships with other types of signs (linguistic, cultural, discursive). It seems that the question of the typological diversity of image-text relations (in the very broad sense of it) can be addressed from a variety of perspectives that involve not only a philosophy of translation, but also an approach to humorous communication on the Internet. The article aims to analyse the nature of the relationship that unites an iconic element with a linguistic element that constitutes the essence of the message conveyed by internet memes.

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