scholarly journals An Analysis of the Genetic Relationships and Inbreeding in Tatra Shepherd Dogs Depending on the Type of Breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Edyta Sweklej ◽  
Elżbieta Horoszewicz ◽  
Roman Niedziółka
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Loss Coefficient ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Inbreeding Rate ◽  
Males And Females

The aim of the study was the analysis of the structure of the population, relationship coefficients, and inbreeding trends in terms of: sex, breeding system, and inbreeding degree of Tatra Shepherd dogs. The breed's inbreeding rate was 6.34%, and for a standardised 4-generation population was 6.68%. The highest inbreeding rate was found in "non-champion-dogs" and in "Polish dog" groups consisting of males and females. The limit value FX was exceeded for 25.65% of Tatra dogs, and the critical value was exceeded for 11.52%. An increasing ancestor loss coefficient (AVK) was found, which may result in an increased number of inbred animals. In particular, this referred to female dogs in the nCH, PL, and Z groups, whereas a significant increase of AVK was observed in the group of male dogs from foreign kennels. The resulting COR values were 55.58% for males and 55.44% for females.

scholarly journals Analysis of structure of the population, kinship coefficients and inbreeding trend depending on sex, type of breeding of Tatra Sheepherd dogs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweklej Edyta ◽  
Horoszewicz Elżbieta ◽  
Niedziółka Roman
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Past ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Sex Type ◽  
Kinship Coefficients ◽  
Inbreeding Rate ◽  
Dog Breed

AbstractThe aim of the study was to analyse the structure of the population, kinship coefficients and inbreeding trend taking into account the sex, breeding system: champions (CH) and non-champions (nCH), breeding country: Poland (PL) and foreign country (Z) and the inbreeding degree of Tatra Shepherd dogs. Out of the currently registered 587 Tatra Shepherd dogs, 41.9% have been qualified for breeding. In the past decade, 1961 puppies were born, which corresponds to an average litter of 5.8 puppies. The breed’s inbreeding rate amounted to 6.34%, and for a 4-generation population was 6.68%. The highest inbreeding rate was found in nCH and PL groups consisting of both male and female dogs. The inbreeding rate was significantly higher in 2005-2014 compared to the years 1994-2004. The limit value FX was exceeded for 25.65% of Shepherd dogs, and the critical value was exceeded for 11.52%. An increasing ancestor loss coefficient (AVK) was found, which may result in an increased number of inbred animals. In particular, it referred to female dogs in the nCH, PL, and F group, whereas a significant increase of AVK was observed in the group of male dogs from foreign kennels. The resulting COR values, respectively 55.58% for males and 55.44% for females, testify to insignificant inbreeding and suggest that breeders look for male inbreds. Studies have shown that there is no risk of inbred depression yet; however, the gene pool of the Tatra Shepherd dog breed has become noticeably restricted. In addition, leaving the stud book for the breed open must be considered due to an increase in the popularity of the breed, and thus an increase in mating.

Polytomous Item Relational Structure Theory Based on Empirical Distribution Critical Value

2012 ◽  
Vol 472-475 ◽  
pp. 1329-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiang Chuan Liu ◽  
Wei Sung Chen ◽  
Hsien Chang Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Distribution ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Threshold Limit Value ◽  
Relational Structure ◽  
Structure Theory ◽  
Polytomous Items ◽  
Polytomous Item ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Threshold Limit ◽  
Relational Structure Theory

The threshold limit value of Takeya’s item relational structure theory is a fixed value, which is lacking of statistical meaning, in our previous paper, an improved threshold limit value by using the empirical distribution critical value was proposed, it was showed that the new theory is more sensitive and effective than the old one. However, for constructing the item relational structure, both of them can only be used for dichotomous items, not for polytomous items. In this paper, the empirical distribution critical value based polytomous item relational structure theory is proposed, it is a generalization of our previously improved theory. A calculus example was also provided in this paper to illustrate the advantages of the proposed method.

Breeding dynamics of koalas in open woodlands

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Ellis ◽  
P. T. Hale ◽  
F. Carrick
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Distance Analysis ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Population Genetic Parameters ◽  
Tropical Woodlands ◽  
Diversity Estimates

The spatial and breeding dynamics of koalas in sub-tropical woodlands at Blair Athol in central Queensland were intensively monitored between 1993 and 1998. Genetic relationships among koalas at this locality were studied to determine the breeding dynamics of males, including whether ‘resident’ or ‘transient’ males dominate as sires. Males and females were radio-collared and tracked periodically throughout each year of the study. Genotypes from hypervariable microsatellite loci identified uniquely all individuals and were used to analyse parentage as well as to determine population genetic parameters when compared with other regional localities. Koalas at Blair Athol comprise a population in genetic equilibrium. Gene diversity estimates show the population to be similar to other populations found in similar habitat in the region, and estimates of genetic differentiation among four regional populations showed that gene flow conforms to a model of isolation by distance. Analysis of parentage found that both resident and transient males sired about equal numbers of offspring. Familial DNA analysis revealed multiple paternities of successive young in this population. The conclusion from this study is that ‘resident’ status among males does not confer any advantage for parentage.

scholarly journals Ancient androdioecy in the freshwater crustacean Eulimnadia

2005 ◽  
Vol 273 (1587) ◽  
pp. 725-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C Weeks ◽  
Thomas F Sanderson ◽  
Sadie K Reed ◽  
Magdalena Zofkova ◽  
Brenton Knott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
System Evolution ◽  
Mating System Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Freshwater Crustacean ◽  
Males And Females

Among the variety of reproductive mechanisms exhibited by living systems, one permutation—androdioecy (mixtures of males and hermaphrodites)—is distinguished by its rarity. Models of mating system evolution predict that androdioecy should be a brief stage between hermaphroditism and dioecy (separate males and females), or vice versa. Herein we report evidence of widespread and ancient androdioecy in crustaceans in the genus Eulimnadia , based on observations of over 33 000 shrimp from 36 locations from every continent except Antarctica. Using phylogenetic, biogeographical and palaeontological evidence, we infer that androdioecy in Eulimnadia has persisted for 24–180 million years and has been maintained through multiple speciation events. These results suggest that androdioecy is a highly successful aspect of the life history of these freshwater crustaceans, and has persisted for orders of magnitude longer than predicted by current models of this rare breeding system.

scholarly journals Breeding and selection of mini-pigs in the ICG SB RAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 922-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Nikitin ◽  
S. P. Knyazev ◽  
K. S. Shatokhin ◽  
V. I. Zaporozhets ◽  
V. I. Ermolaev
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Breeding Group ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Mini Pigs ◽  
Selection Group ◽  
Selection Of

The article considers methods used for breeding and selection of mini-pigs in the ICG, SB RAS, the theoretical justifcation of these methods and the purposes for which they are used. We showed the genealogical structure of the herd and the contribution of inbreeding to the genetic similarity of modern representatives of genealogical lines and families with the founders of the breeding group. We characterized the phenotypic diversity of the ICG mini-pigs in colours, weight categories, types of growth and features of constitution. We listed measures supporting genetic diversity in the herd of the ICG mini-pigs. We explained the possibility of using similarity indices calculated by using portions of the ancestors’ blood (genome) for the selection of parental pairs and the evaluation of genetic consolidation of the herd. We showed that the average index of similarity between males and females, calculated by using portions of the ancestors’ blood, in the ICG minipigs is close to the limit value. It turned out that effective evaluation of the genetic potential of mini-pigs in growth rate and fnal size of individuals is only possible under the condition of a rich and full feeding of young animals. The time scale of estimation of growth of live weight of the ICG mini-pigs for three weight categories allocated in the selection group is presented. The types of growth and development of mini-pigs observed in the ICG breeding group and the type inherent to individuals in the small weight category are considered. We justifed the minimum live weight of a newborn piglet in the herd of the ICG mini-pigs. Values of optimal multiple pregnancy for the three categories of ICG mini-pig sows were calculated.

scholarly journals Effects of quail genotypes on hatchability traits, body weight and egg production

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
S Faruque ◽  
H Khatun ◽  
MN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Egg Ratio ◽  
Pair Mating ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

A study was conducted with four genotypes of quail, namely Japanese (J), White (W), Black (Bl) and Brown (Br) quail with the objective to know their hatchability traits, body weight and egg production performances. The parent males and females were maintained in cages for single pair mating through close breeding system for producing each generation. A total of 1866-day-old chicks comprising of 4 types of quail namely J, W, Br, and Bl were hatched in a batch. The egg weight were 10.35 ± 0.3, 11.60 ± 0.42, 10.30 ± 0.42 and 9.78 ± 0.65 for J, W, Br and Bl respectively, which was influenced (p < 0.05) by genotype. White genotype of quail is significantly better for egg weight, chick weight and chick: egg ratio than that of their counterparts. The highest hatchability of incubated eggs was found in Japanese quail genotype (71.01%) and the lowest in Black (31.03%). Significantly higher body weight was found in White and Black followed by Brown and Japanese quail genotype at different period of age. Significantly more number of eggs was obtained in Black (97.31) followed by Japanese, Brown and White respectively DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v38i2.21346 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 38, No. 2, 219-224, 2014

scholarly journals Low level of genetic variation within Melica transsilvanica populations from the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland and the Pieniny Mts revealed by AFLPs analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szczepaniak ◽  
Elżbieta Cieślak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Fragmented Distribution ◽  
Hierarchical Amova ◽  
Continuous Range

Fragmented distribution, the breeding system and effects of genetic drift in small-size populations occurring at edge of the species range play an important role in shaping genetic diversity of such a species. <em>Melica transsilvanica</em> is a plant rare in the flora of Poland, where it reaches the northern limit of its continuous range. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) DNA profiling method was applied to measure genetic diversity among and within populations of <em>M. transsilvanica</em>. Additionally, genetic relationships between M. transsilvanica and Melica ciliata, two closely related species, were explored. A total of 68 plants from 7 populations of <em>M. transsilvanica</em> and 24 plants from 2 populations of <em>M. ciliata</em>, collected in Poland and outside it, were analyzed. Using 294 AFLP fragments from 3 primer combinations, accessions were grouped into two major clusters associating with <em>M. ciliata</em> and <em>M. transsilvanica</em>, respectively. Further, two subclusters, corresponding to the samples collected from the Pieniny Mts and from the Kraków - Częstochowa Upland were clearly distinguished within the <em>M. transsilvanica</em> group. The hierarchical AMOVA exhibited significant genetic distinction between these geographic regions (60.89%, p &lt; 0.001). The obtained results showed that the most genetic diversity resided between the populations of <em>M. transsilvanica</em> (86.03%) while considerably lower genetic variation was found within the populations (13.97%), which is consistent with the results reported for self-plants. The low level of AFLP genetic variation of <em>M. transsilvanica</em> can be caused by the geographic isolation of populations, which preserves the dominant self-mating breeding system of the species. Individual populations of <em>M. transsilvanica</em> are characterized by isolated gene pools differing by a small number of loci.

Bronchial stereocilia in the immotile cilia syndrome: A case report

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
George Price ◽  
Lizardo Cerezo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Immotile Cilia ◽  
Kartagener's Syndrome ◽  
Membrane Blebs ◽  
Radial Spokes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Dynein Arms ◽  
Ultrastructural Finding ◽  
Ultrastructural Findings

Ultrastructural defects of ciliary structure have been known to cause recurrent sino-respiratory infection concurrent with Kartagener's syndrome. (1,2,3) These defects are also known to cause infertility in both males and females. (4) Overall, the defects are defined as the Immotile, or Dyskinetic Cilia Syndrome (DCS). Several ultrastructural findings have been described, including decreased number of cilia, multidirection orientation, fused and compound cilia, membrane blebs, excess matrix in the axoneme, missing outer tubular doublets, translocated doublets, defective radial spokes and dynein arms. A rare but noteworthy ultrastructural finding in DCS is the predominance of microvilli-like structures on the luminal surface of the respiratory epithelium. (5,6) These permanent surface modifications of the apical respiratory epithelium no longer resemble cilia but reflect the ultrastructure of stereocilia, similar to that found in the epidydimal epithelium. Like microvilli, stereocilia are devoid of microtubular ultrastructure in comparison with true cilia.

The dual nature of obesity in metabolic programming: quantity versus quality of adipose tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (18) ◽  
pp. 2447-2451
Author(s):  
Anissa Viveiros ◽  
Gavin Y. Oudit
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Programming ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Adipose Tissue Volume ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Abstract The global prevalence of obesity has been rising at an alarming rate, accompanied by an increase in both childhood and maternal obesity. The concept of metabolic programming is highly topical, and in this context, describes a predisposition of offspring of obese mothers to the development of obesity independent of environmental factors. Research published in this issue of Clinical Science conducted by Litzenburger and colleagues (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2020) 134, 921–939) have identified sex-dependent differences in metabolic programming and identify putative signaling pathways involved in the differential phenotype of adipose tissue between males and females. Delineating the distinction between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity is a topic of emerging interest, and the precise nature of adipocytes are key to pathogenesis, independent of adipose tissue volume.

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