scholarly journals Mitigation of the effect of secondary salinization by micro soil conditioning

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Arzu Rivera Garcia ◽  
Géza Tuba ◽  
Krisztina Czellér ◽  
Györgyi Kovács ◽  
József Zsembeli
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Secondary Salinization ◽  
Soil Conditioning ◽  
Lysimeter Experiment ◽  
Soil Conditioners

This research has the general goal to meet the customization of agriculture in small scale farming. We are developing a technique using micro doses of soil conditioners and organic material applied in the root zone of vegetable crops. We expected to change the physical and chemical properties of the affected soil, which has been irrigated with salty water. Two different soil conditioners were tested. A lysimeter experiment including 8 simple drainage lysimeters was set up in the Research Institute of Karcag IAREF University of Debrecen in 2017. The main goal was to study the effect of different soil conditioners on the soil endangered by secondary salinization induced by irrigation with saline water. In order to compare the difference between the treatments, we collected soil samples, water samples, and determined the yields. Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) was used as an indicator crop during one specific agricultural season. The technique called micro soil conditioning is rational because several reasons. The roles of the technique are various, for example it can serve as a source of carbon or a container for soil amendments and can minimize evaporation. We found this technique not to interfere with the chemical reaction or the interaction with the plants. However, the micro doses of soil amendments had the role to minimize the risk of soil degradation and do not significantly influence soil respiration. In addition, by improving soil properties, soil conditioning increases the leaching of the excess of salts from the root zone. In fact, this technique can decrease the cost of the inputs and improves the production of vegetables, and at the same time mitigates the effect of secondary salinization.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Conditioning on the Moisture Content and the Salt Profile of the Soil Under Irrigation with Saline Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
József Zsembeli ◽  
Lúcia Sinka ◽  
Arzu Rivera-García ◽  
Krisztina Czellér ◽  
Géza Tuba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Secondary Salinization ◽  
Soil Conditioning ◽  
Simple Drainage ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Salt Profile

Abstract The research work was started on the preliminary knowledge that the risk of secondary salinization is high in the hobby gardens around Karcag as the water of the aquifers used for irrigation is saline, nevertheless irrigation in the drought periods is essential for vegetable production. A complex experiment was set up in 12 simple drainage lysimeters at the lysimeter station of the Research Institute of Karcag in 2012 in order to simulate the conditions of irrigation characteristic in the region with the goal of finding a solution to mitigate the harmful effects by means of optimization of irrigation. In 2017–2018 three approaches were applied for the scientific establishment of the problem studying the effect of different irrigation frequencies, different irrigation water qualities, and soil conditioning on the moisture content and the salt profile of the soil. The soil conditioner (Neosol) applied was found to have a positive effect on the water and salt regime of the soil, partly by creating a more favourable vertical distribution of the soil water, and partly preserving more moisture in the soil.

Chemical Properties of the Salt Crust Layer in Shelterbelts Under Drip Irrigation with Saline Water in a Mobile Desert

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
Jian-guo ZHANG ◽  
Xin-wen XU ◽  
Jia-qiang LEI ◽  
Hai-feng WANG ◽  
Sheng-yu LI
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Crust Layer ◽  
Salt Crust

Species Responses to Grazing and Environmental-Factors in an Arid Halophytic Shrubland Community

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Species Responses

Species responses to grazing and environmental factors were studied in an arid halophytic shrubland community in Western Australia. The grazing responses of major shrub species were defined by using reciprocal averaging ordination of botanical data, interpreted in conjunction with a similar ordination of soil chemical properties and measures of soil erosion derived from large-scale aerial photographs. An apparent small-scale interaction between grazing and soil salinity was also defined. Long-term grazing pressure is apparently reduced on localised areas of high salinity. Environmental factors affecting species distribution are complex and appear to include soil salinity, soil cationic balance, geomorphological variation and the influence of cryptogamic crusts on seedling establishment.

Exploring the variation in ecosystem scale methane fluxes and its drivers within a boreal mire complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koffi Dodji Noumonvi ◽  
Joshua L. Ratcliffe ◽  
Mats Öquist ◽  
Mats B. Nilsson ◽  
Matthias Peichl
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Flux Footprint ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Methane Fluxes ◽  
Northern Peatlands

<p>Northern peatlands cover a small fraction of the earth’s land surface, and yet they are one of the most important natural sources of atmospheric methane. With climate change causing rising temperatures, changes in water balance and increased growing season length, peatland contribution to atmospheric methane concentration is likely to increase, justifying the increased attention given to northern peatland methane dynamics. Northern peatlands often occur as heterogeneous complexes characterized by hydromorphologically distinct features from < 1 m² to tens of km², with differing physical, hydrological and chemical properties. The more commonly understood small-scale variation between hummocks, lawns and hollows has been well explored using chamber measurements. Single tower eddy covariance measurements, with a typical 95% flux footprint of < 0.5 km², have been used to assess the ecosystem scale methane exchange. However, how representative single tower flux measurements are of an entire mire complex is not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, the present study takes advantage of a network of four eddy covariance towers located less than 3 km apart at four mires within a typical boreal mire complex in northern Sweden. The variation of methane fluxes and its drivers between the four sites will be explored at different temporal scales, i.e. half-hourly, daily and at a growing-season scale.</p>

Production and evaluation of jam produced from plum and African Star apple blends

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
A.O. Ogunlade ◽  
G.I. Oluwafemi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Consumer Acceptability ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Indigenous Fruits ◽  
African Star Apple ◽  
Lengthy Operation

The potential of some indigenous fruits such as yellow-plum (Spondias mombin) and African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) remained largely untapped. These fruits can be processed and preserved in small-scale operations using simple techniques that could replace both expensive fruits and the lengthy operation processes usually used for jam production. Blends were produced from African Star Apple and Plum in the following proportion: 100:0%; 90:10%; 80:20%; 70:30%; 60:40% and 50:50% respectively to produce six African Star Apple and plum blends. The chemical properties and consumer acceptability of jams made from these blends were investigated using standard methods. Chemical analyses of the jam showed that vitamin A ranged between 613.09 and 686.04 (IU), sample with the highest percentage of African Star Apple had the highest value of Vitamin A; vitamin C ranged between 30.51 and 46.12 (mg/100 g); pH ranged between 4.29 and 4.58; Brix ranged between 11.00 and 14.97°Bx. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the sensory attributes of the samples. It was observed that Jam produced from African Star Apple and plum blend at 50:50% proportion had the highest Vitamin A and those at 90:10% proportion had the highest Vitamin C contents and all the samples were of high nutritional and health benefits.

scholarly journals Small-scale characterization of vine plant root water uptake via 3-D electrical resistivity tomography and mise-à-la-masse method

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5427-5444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Mary ◽  
Luca Peruzzo ◽  
Jacopo Boaga ◽  
Myriam Schmutz ◽  
Yuxin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Root System ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Noninvasive Methods ◽  
Resistivity Tomography

Abstract. The investigation of plant roots is inherently difficult and often neglected. Being out of sight, roots are often out of mind. Nevertheless, roots play a key role in the exchange of mass and energy between soil and the atmosphere, in addition to the many practical applications in agriculture. In this paper, we propose a method for roots imaging based on the joint use of two electrical noninvasive methods: electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and mise-à-la-masse (MALM). The approach is based on the key assumption that the plant root system acts as an electrically conductive body, so that injecting electrical current into the plant stem will ultimately result in the injection of current into the subsoil through the root system, and particularly through the root terminations via hair roots. Evidence from field data, showing that voltage distribution is very different whether current is injected into the tree stem or in the ground, strongly supports this hypothesis. The proposed procedure involves a stepwise inversion of both ERT and MALM data that ultimately leads to the identification of electrical resistivity (ER) distribution and of the current injection root distribution in the three-dimensional soil space. This, in turn, is a proxy to the active (hair) root density in the ground. We tested the proposed procedure on synthetic data and, more importantly, on field data collected in a vineyard, where the estimated depth of the root zone proved to be in agreement with literature on similar crops. The proposed noninvasive approach is a step forward towards a better quantification of root structure and functioning.

scholarly journals Nutrient Availability for Lactuca sativa Cultivated in an Amended Peatland: An Ionic Exchange Study

Nitrogen ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-42
Author(s):  
Jacynthe Dessureault-Rompré ◽  
Alexis Gloutney ◽  
Jean Caron
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Ionic Exchange ◽  
Vegetable Crops

Few conservation strategies have been applied to cultivated peatland. This field study over one growth cycle of Lactuca sativa examined the effect of plant-based, high-C/N-ratio amendments in a real farming situation on peatland. Plant Root Simulator (PRS®) probes were used directly in the field to assess the impacts of incorporating Miscanthus x giganteus straw and Salix miyabeana chips on nutrient availability for lettuce. The results showed that lettuce yield decreased by 35% in the miscanthus straw treatment and by 14% in the willow chip treatment. In addition, the nitrogen flux rate was severely reduced during crop growth (75% reduction) and the plant N uptake index was much lower in the amended treatments than in the control. The phosphorus supply rate was also significantly lower (24% reduction) in the willow treatment. The influence of sampling zone was significant as well, with most macro-nutrients being depleted in the root zone and most micro-nutrients being mobilized. Additional work is needed to optimize the proposed conservation strategy and investigate the effects of consecutive years of soil amendment on different vegetable crops and in different types of cultivated peatlands to confirm and generalize the findings of this study. Future field studies should also explore the long-term carbon dynamics under plant-based, high-C/N-ratio amendments to determine if they can offset annual C losses.

scholarly journals Integrating partial root-zone drying and saline water irrigation to sustain sunflower production in freshwater-scarce regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 106094
Author(s):  
Moazam Khaleghi ◽  
Farzad Hassanpour ◽  
Fatemeh Karandish ◽  
Ali Shahnazari
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Sunflower Production
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