scholarly journals Effect of Soil Conditioning on the Moisture Content and the Salt Profile of the Soil Under Irrigation with Saline Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
József Zsembeli ◽  
Lúcia Sinka ◽  
Arzu Rivera-García ◽  
Krisztina Czellér ◽  
Géza Tuba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Secondary Salinization ◽  
Soil Conditioning ◽  
Simple Drainage ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Salt Profile

Abstract The research work was started on the preliminary knowledge that the risk of secondary salinization is high in the hobby gardens around Karcag as the water of the aquifers used for irrigation is saline, nevertheless irrigation in the drought periods is essential for vegetable production. A complex experiment was set up in 12 simple drainage lysimeters at the lysimeter station of the Research Institute of Karcag in 2012 in order to simulate the conditions of irrigation characteristic in the region with the goal of finding a solution to mitigate the harmful effects by means of optimization of irrigation. In 2017–2018 three approaches were applied for the scientific establishment of the problem studying the effect of different irrigation frequencies, different irrigation water qualities, and soil conditioning on the moisture content and the salt profile of the soil. The soil conditioner (Neosol) applied was found to have a positive effect on the water and salt regime of the soil, partly by creating a more favourable vertical distribution of the soil water, and partly preserving more moisture in the soil.

scholarly journals Mitigation of the effect of secondary salinization by micro soil conditioning

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Arzu Rivera Garcia ◽  
Géza Tuba ◽  
Krisztina Czellér ◽  
Györgyi Kovács ◽  
József Zsembeli
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Secondary Salinization ◽  
Soil Conditioning ◽  
Lysimeter Experiment ◽  
Soil Conditioners

This research has the general goal to meet the customization of agriculture in small scale farming. We are developing a technique using micro doses of soil conditioners and organic material applied in the root zone of vegetable crops. We expected to change the physical and chemical properties of the affected soil, which has been irrigated with salty water. Two different soil conditioners were tested. A lysimeter experiment including 8 simple drainage lysimeters was set up in the Research Institute of Karcag IAREF University of Debrecen in 2017. The main goal was to study the effect of different soil conditioners on the soil endangered by secondary salinization induced by irrigation with saline water. In order to compare the difference between the treatments, we collected soil samples, water samples, and determined the yields. Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) was used as an indicator crop during one specific agricultural season. The technique called micro soil conditioning is rational because several reasons. The roles of the technique are various, for example it can serve as a source of carbon or a container for soil amendments and can minimize evaporation. We found this technique not to interfere with the chemical reaction or the interaction with the plants. However, the micro doses of soil amendments had the role to minimize the risk of soil degradation and do not significantly influence soil respiration. In addition, by improving soil properties, soil conditioning increases the leaching of the excess of salts from the root zone. In fact, this technique can decrease the cost of the inputs and improves the production of vegetables, and at the same time mitigates the effect of secondary salinization.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Conditioning on Soil Penetration Resistance and Traction Power Demand of Ploughing

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Géza Tuba ◽  
Györgyi Kovács ◽  
Lúcia Sinka ◽  
Pál Nagy ◽  
Arzu Rivera-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Untreated Plot ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Soil Conditioning ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Traction Power

Abstract Soil compaction and degradation due to improper tillage are problems involving significant natural and economic damages. On compacted soils, suitable cultivation can be implemented only with higher energy and traction force input. In our study, the effect of a soil conditioner (Neosol) was examined on the penetration resistance of the soil and the traction power demand for ploughing in the experiment set up in the East-Slovak Plain in 2017 ‒ 2018 to justify several preliminary results showing that long-term soil conditioning results in enhanced root system, improved soil structure, cultivability, water- and salt regime. We found a positive effect of Neosol application with both investigated parameters and its long-term effect was also justified. The penetration resistance values of the soil of the untreated plot were 17 ‒ 23% higher, while the traction power demand values were 9 ‒ 32% lower in comparison with the Neosol treated plot in the first and the second year of the study, respectively. We assume the cumulative positive effect of soil conditioning on the physical soil properties in the study area, therefore the long-term application of Neosol is recommended for farms having similar soil properties.

scholarly journals Methodology adaptation and development to assess salt content dynamics and salt balance of soils under secondary salinization

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Arzu Rivera Garcia ◽  
Géza Tuba ◽  
Györgyi Kovács ◽  
Lúcia Sinka ◽  
József Zsembeli
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Irrigation Season ◽  
Salt Balance ◽  
Secondary Salinization

The effect of irrigation with saline water (above 500 mg L-1) is considered a problem of small-scale farmers growing vegetable crops with high water demand in the hobby gardens characteristic of the Hungarian Great Plain. In order to simulate the circumstances of such hobby garden, we set up an experiment including five simple drainage lysimeters irrigated with saline water in the Research Institute of Karcag IAREF UD in 2019. We regularly measured the electric conductivity (EC) of the soil referring to its salt content and the soil moisture content with mobile sensors. Before and after the irrigation season, soil samples from the upper soil layer (0-0.6 m) were taken for laboratory analysis and the soil salt balance (SB) was calculated. The actual salt balance (SBact) was calculated of the upper soil layer (0-0.6 m) based on the salt content of the obtained soil samples. The theoretical salt balance (SBth) was calculated by the total soluble salt content of the irrigation water and leachates. During the irrigation season, we experienced fluctuating EC in the topsoil in close correlation with the soil moisture content. Based on the performed in-situ EC measurements, salts were leached from the upper soil layer resulting in a negative SB. Combining SBact and SBth of the soil columns of the lysimeters, we estimated the SB of the deeper (0.6-1.0 m) soil layer. We quantified 12% increase of the initial salt mass due to accumulation. We consider this methodology to be suitable for deeper understanding secondary salinization, which can contribute to mitigating its harmful effect. By repeating our measurements, we expect similar results proving that saline irrigation waters gained from the aquifers through drilled wells in Karcag are potentially suitable for irrigation if proper irrigation and soil management are applied.  

scholarly journals Investigation of the possibility of green bean production under unfavourable agro-ecological conditions in lysimeters

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
Lúcia Sinka ◽  
Mária Takács-Hájos ◽  
Krisztina Czellér ◽  
Géza Tuba ◽  
József Zsembeli
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Secondary Salinization ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Simple Drainage ◽  
Average Biomass

Abstract There are extended agricultural areas in the world that can be utilized only with irrigation for crop production. Improper irrigation may induce unfavourable processes in the soil (e.g. secondary salinization). To investigate this problem existing in Hungary as well, 12 simple drainage lysimeters – which are useful equipment for the investigation of the water and salt balance of the soil – were used in an irrigation experiment in the Research Institute of Karcag. The basic goal was to investigate the possibility of the production of a salt-sensitive crop (green bean) in areas with unfavourable agro-ecological conditions. 6 lysimeters were irrigated with deionized water, while the other 6 with saline water of 1,600 mg/l salt content. We also used a soil conditioner (Neosol) during the experiment. Analysing the effect of the irrigation quality on the plant height of green beans, it can be established that the plants irrigated with deionized water were averagely 5.3 cm taller than the plants irrigated with saline water. Similar tendencies were characteristic of the average biomass (deionized: 93.5, saline: 62.5 g), the average root mass (deionized: 9.5 g, saline: 8.2 g), the number of pods (deionized: 17.1, saline: 11.9), and the pod yield (deionized: 137.9 g, saline: 85.9 g) values. However, all these values can be improved by soil conditioning combined with the optimization of irrigation.

scholarly journals Agriculture, Manufacturing and Economic Growth in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atayi Abraham Vincent ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Government ◽  
Positive Effect

This research work address the positive effect of Agriculture on the manufacturing sector in Nigeria. The study made used of Ordinary Least Square Method estimation techniques. The findings showed that Agricultural output, government spending on agriculture, and real gross domestic product all have positive effects on the manufacturing sector. The effects is RGDP 66percent, AGRQ by 63%, and GOEXA by 96 percent. The study recommends among other things that government should allocate more resources to the Nigerian agricultural sector and ensure that the funds are judiciously use and that the government should also seek to strengthen its incentives for the manufacturing sector in order to promote increased industrial production and growth.

scholarly journals Hydro-Geophysical Study for Well Design in Lower Reaches of Kasai River Basin, Eastern India

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjan Sinha ◽  
Shalivahan Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Water Wells

Abstract Saltwater intrusion and up coning in coastal aquifer is a common phenomenon brought either due to flow of seawater into freshwater aquifer originally caused by groundwater abstraction near the coast or due to wrong casing design of water wells. This necessitates a study of aquifer disposition along with demarcation of fresh water saline water interface of Kasai River basin, Eastern India to determine the depth to freshwater and recommend the borehole design. In this study geophysical and hydrogeological techniques were employed to map to demarcate fresh and saline water interface. The phenomenon of saline water up coning is also noticed and accordingly water wells have been designed. For the said study, twenty two geophysical logs, sixty five lithological logs and hydrogeological data of eighty eight sites spread across Kasai River basin were utilized. The study shows that there are three regional aquifers exist in the area. It is recommended that water wells in the study area is to be constructed with artificial gravel packing of size 2-3mm and screen slot size is suggested to be 1.2mm. Since the sites are affected with saline water, hence isolation of zone is mandatory with proper cementing material or packer. This research work is able to develop a design model for the boreholes located in the area. The work as a whole will serve as a vital role in scientific management of groundwater resource and enable the rational planning in coastal aquifers so as to avoid fresh and saline water intermixing and up-coning.

scholarly journals Organic fertilization to attenuate water salinity effect on papaya growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Mônica S. da S. Sousa ◽  
Vera L. A. de Lima ◽  
Marcos E. B. Brito ◽  
Luderlândio de A. Silva ◽  
Rômulo C. L. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Management Alternatives

ABSTRACT The salinity of water and soil reduces the growth and production of crops, especially the fruit trees, such as papaya. Thus, it is necessary to obtain management alternatives for cultivation under these conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and phytomass of papaya cultivated under irrigation with saline water and organic fertilization. An experiment was set up using a randomized block design, with the treatments distributed in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, consisting of five levels of salinity of irrigation water (0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3.0 dS m-1) and two levels of organic fertilization (10 and 20 L of bovine manure per plant), with three replications, totaling thirty experimental plots. Growth variables of papaya were evaluated. Papaya plants were negatively affected by irrigation water salinity, with a greater effect on the number of leaves and on dry phytomass of leaves, with no effect of bovine manure levels.

A dynamic model for human thermal comfort for smart building applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-483
Author(s):  
Ghezlane Halhoul Merabet ◽  
Mohamed Essaaidi ◽  
Driss Benhaddou
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Local Quality ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Thermal comfort is closely related to the evaluation of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. It can be seen as the result of the perception of the occupants of a given environment, and it is the product of the interaction of a number of personal and environmental factors. Otherwise, comfort issues still do not play an important role in the daily operation of commercial buildings. However, in the workplace, local quality effects, in addition to the health, the productivity that has a significant impact on the performance of the activities. In this regard, researchers have conducted, for decades, investigations related to thermal comfort and indoor environments, which includes developing models and indices through experimentations to establish standards to evaluate comfort and factors and set-up parameters for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. However, to our best knowledge, most of the research work reported in the literature deals only with parameters that are not dynamically tracked. This work aims to propose a prototype for comfort measuring through a wireless sensor network and then presenting a model for thermal comfort prediction. The developed model can be used to set up a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system to meet the expected comfort level. In particular, the obtained results show that there is a strong correlation between users’ comfort and variables such as age, gender, and body mass index as a function of height and weight.

scholarly journals The role of cover and rebar characteristics on load-slip behavior of reinforced concrete members in compression

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 04017
Author(s):  
Tareq al-Attar ◽  
Qais Hassan ◽  
Sura Mejbel ◽  
Hussein Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Concrete Cover ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Concrete Members ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Set Up

This paper describes a part of an extensive research work devoted to evaluate the bond strength between rebars and concrete through different testing procedures. Main parameters in this part are the concrete cover and rebar diameter. The tested specimen consisted of a single bar embedded in a concrete block with square cross-sectional area and is being tested under compressive load. Three concrete block sizes were cast to offer three different cover for the embedded rebars. The dimensions of these blocks were; 150×150×135, 100×100×135 and 200×200×185 mm. Three bar diameters, 12, 16 and 20 mm, were investigated. The specimens were water-cured and tested at the ages of 7 and 28 days. A new proposed test set-up was used to monitor the load-slip behavior of the specimens. The test results showed that there is no significant difference in bond energy between the two curing ages, 7 and 28 days. The concrete cover has a significant effect on the bond strength between rebar and concrete. By increasing the cover, the confinement offered by concrete increases, bond strength increases, and slip increases. Based on the present results, a concept of effective cover was developed. This concept showed a high correlation with the mode of failure for the tested specimens.

Development of Thermal Spray Map for Liquid Feeding Thermal Spray System

2017 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 418-421
Author(s):  
Noppakun Sanpo ◽  
Jirasak Tharajak
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Thermal Spray ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Spray System ◽  
Liquid Feeding ◽  
Set Up

This research work exhibits a procedure to classify and reorder thermal spray data point so that relationships and correlations between competing processes and materials can be identified. The broad range data mining of published experimental work was performed to create thermal spray map (TS map). A single TS map displayed the correlation between standoff distance (SOD) and feeding particle size is mainly focused. The discussion and evaluation of TS map was taken place. These data mining could be useful to use and/or adapt as reference points for the thermal spray experiment set up in the future.

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