ANÁLISE MICROBIOLÓGICA DA QUALIDADE DE EFLUENTES PARA FINS DE REUSO NA IRRIGAÇÃO NO MUNICÍPIO DE IGUATU – CE / MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY OF EFFLUENTS FO PURPOSES OS REUSE EM IRRIGATION IN THE MUNICIPALY OF IGUATU – CE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 73638-73653
Author(s):  
Kellison Lima Cavalcante ◽  
Wlisses Matos Maciel ◽  
Harine Matos Maciel ◽  
Dijauma Honório Nogueira ◽  
Sergio Mota Pereira ◽  
...  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 335-340
Author(s):  
Elen Vanessa Costa da SILVA ◽  
Igor Fernando de Araújo REIS ◽  
Leandro das Neves Tolosa de ALMEIDA ◽  
Alan Reis dos PRAZERES ◽  
Josyane Brasil da SILVA ◽  
...  

Due to the increase in the consumption of natural products, there has been a growing use and commercialization of bee pollen, thus, the need for a greater quality control regarding the physical-chemical and microbiological characteristics of this product is justified. In this way, the research aimed to determine the physical-chemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics of four brands of dehydrated pollen, marketed in natural products houses in different parts of the city of Belém-Pará. Microbiological (aerobic mesophilic bacteria, fungi and yeasts, Coliformes at 45°, Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus) and sensorial analyzes were carried out in the physicochemical analyzes (moisture, ashes, lipids, proteins, pH, free acidity, total sugars). The results obtained were within the parameters of quality allowed by the Brazilian legislation for dehydrated pollen. Regarding the microbiological analysis, all brands showed absence of Staphylococus aureus and Salmonella spp. For the sensorial analysis, the C mark presented better results for both flavor and aroma, confirming the quality of the dehydrated pollen commercialized in Belém-Pa.


2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Laorko ◽  
Z. Li ◽  
W. Youravong ◽  
S. Tongjitpakdee ◽  
S. Chantachum

Coconut water has been considered as a nutritional, refreshing and highly isotonic beverage with delicate aroma and flavor. In food sterilization technique, thermal processing, however tends to reduce these beneficial properties especially estrogen hormone and flavor. To overcome this limitation, this study therefore aimed to clarified and sterilized coconut water using non–thermal processing, membrane filtration. Hollow fiber microfiltration (MF) membrane with pore size of 0.1 and 0.2 μm and ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with molecular weight cut–off (MWCO) of 100 and 30 kDa were used. The effect of membrane pore size and MWCO on quality of clarified juice, permeate flux and fouling were studied. It was found that fresh coconut water and clarified coconut water obtained from MF and UF did not show difference in pH, total soluble solid, reducing sugar, estrogen hormone and minerals including calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium. The results from microbiological analysis of the clarified coconut water showed that sterilized of coconut water was obtained using either MF or UF membranes. This microbiological quality of clarified coconut water was met the Thai legislation for juice and drinks. The permeate flux of MF was much higher than those of UF while the fouling resistance of UF membrane was much higher than those of MF membrane. The permeate flux of membrane with pore size of 0.1 £gm was slightly lower than that of membrane with pore size of 0.2 μm. The results also indicated that the major fouling of both MF and UF membranes was reversible. The irreversible fouling resistance of 0.1 μm membrane was the lowest and most of this irreversible fouling was external irreversible fouling, formed on the membrane surface. According to these results, it could be concluded that 0.1 μm membrane was the most suitable membrane for clarification and sterilization of coconut water. In addition, the effects of TMP, cross flow velocity (CFV) and the % recovery on permeate flux in batch concentration mode were also studied. It was found that the permeate flux of 0.1 μm membrane was significantly increased with increasing CFV and decreased as % recovery increased. These results suggested that permeate flux during MF of coconut water was dependent on reversible fouling and could be improved by using hydrodynamic modification techniques.


2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-esp.) ◽  
pp. 636-639
Author(s):  
Luana Romão Rodrigues ◽  
João Victor de Freitas Menezes ◽  
Dárcio Luiz de Sousa Júnior ◽  
Rafael de Carvalho Mendes

A cosmetologia é a ciência que engloba e estuda os cosméticos, desde conceitos iniciais até a sua fabricação, tornando-se uma ciência multidisciplinar. Para garantia de um uso seguro e eficaz dos cosméticos é necessário a realização de análises para se conseguir um padrão de qualidade. Quando há indícios de contaminação por microrganismos no cosmético, diversos problemas podem ser encontrados, como a ocorrência de patologias específicas, causando altos riscos e complicações à saúde do usuário. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar qualitativamente através de análises microbiológicas a qualidade dos produtos cosméticos de maquiagem usados de forma compartilhada, utilizando amostras colhidas aleatoriamente em uma loja de varejo, que foi selecionada por ser de grande circulação, da cidade de Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará. Nesta pesquisa foram analisadas oito amostras coletadas durante o período de outubro e novembro de 2017. As análises que foram realizadas seguiram a Farmacopeia brasileira. Como resultado obteve-se um percentual de 87,5 % de contaminação microbiana, evidenciando a presença de Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus sp. e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, sendo que apenas uma das oito amostras analisadas mostrou-se adequada para uso seguindo os limites de aceitação microbiológicas permitidos por lei. Baseados nesses resultados foi possível concluir que o índice de contaminação das amostras de batons que são utilizadas de modo compartilhado são potencialmente maiores. Com isso, intensifica-se a necessidade de medidas que impeçam o compartilhamento dos produtos cosméticos, com a finalidade de diminuir o risco de uma infecção coletiva.   Palavras-chave: Cosméticos. Uso compartilhado. Contaminação.   Abstract Cosmetology is the science that encompasses and studies cosmetics, from initial concepts to their manufacture, becoming a multidisciplinary science. To guarantee a safe and effective use of cosmetics it is necessary to carry out analyzes to achieve a quality standard. When there is evidence of contamination by microorganisms in the cosmetic, several problems can be found, such as the occurrence of specific pathologies, causing high risks and complications to the health of the user. The objective of this scientific work was to qualitatively investigate through microbiological analysis the quality of cosmetic makeup products used in a shared way, using samples collected randomly in a retail store, which was selected because it is of great circulation, in the city of Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará. In this research, eight (8) samples collected during the period of October and November 2017 were analyzed. The analyzes that were carried out followed the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. As a result, a percentage of 87.5 % of microbial contamination was obtained, showing the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with only one of the eight samples analyzed being suitable for use following the limits of microbiological acceptance allowed by law. Based on these results it was possible to conclude that the contamination index of the lipstick samples that are used in a shared way are potentially higher. As a result, the need for measures to prevent the sharing of cosmetic products is intensified, in order to reduce the risk of a collective infection.   Keywords: Cosmetics. Shared Use. Contamination.


2019 ◽  
Vol 42.3 ◽  
pp. 7314-7329
Author(s):  
Cirhuza Matabaro ◽  
Busime Munamire ◽  
Walangululu Jean ◽  
Sumbu Zola ◽  
Birali Mwamini

Le Mashanza est un fromage frais traditionnel produit à l’Est de la RDC particulièrement au Sud-Kivu. Malheureusement, sa production est demeurée artisanale, malgré son importance commerciale et les pratiques différant d’un endroit à un autre. L’objet de la présente étude est de diagnostiquer l’état sanitaire et les pratiques de fabrication de ce produit. 12 unités de fabrication localisées dans les territoires de Kabare, Kalehe, Uvira et Walungu ont servi de sujet d’études. La méthode des 5 M a permis de classer les divers facteurs susceptibles de contribuer à la dépréciation de la qualité du Mashanza. Les résultats ont montré que la majorité des unités de fabrication sont de type artisanal et ne sont pas conformes sur le plan des installations et de l’assainissement. Les équipements utilisés sont rudimentaires. Le personnel est peu instruit et n’a pas été formé aux bonnes pratiques de fabrication et d’hygiène. Les résultats de l’analyse physico-chimique des produits montrent des valeurs comprises entre 31,1% et 48,8% pour la matière sèche, 3,5 et 3,9 pour le pH, de 0,87 et 0,95 pour l’Aw et de 41,5 et 100,8°D pour l’acidité, traduisant entre autres l’influence de la variabilité des procédés sur la qualité du Mashanza. L’analyse microbiologique révèle une flore aérobie mésophile totale variant entre 4 et 8.102 ufc/ml pour le lactosérum et 0 et 9,8.10² ufc/g pour le Mashanza. Le lactosérum accuse la présence des coliformes : E.coli, S.aureus, les germes anaérobies sulfito-réducteurs, les levures et les moisissures. Leur dénombrement montre des valeurs variant entre 0 et 1,4.10² ufc/g pour les coliformes totaux, 0 et 36 ufc/g pour les coliformes fécaux, 0 et 1,6.10² ufc/g pour E. coli; 0 et 1,2.103, ufc/ml pour les anaérobies sulfito-réducteurs et entre 0 et 1,5.103. ufc/g pour les levures et les moisissures. Salmonella sp. est absent de tous les échantillons de lactosérum et de Mashanza. En général, de « Mashanza » est satisfaisante. Les résultats obtenus permettent d’orienter les producteurs et les chercheurs sur les facteurs pouvant déprécier la qualité du Mashanza et sur lesquels on peut agir. ABSTRACT Mashanza is a traditional fresh cheese produced in eastern DRC, particularly in South Kivu. Unfortunately, its production has remained artisanal, despite its commercial importance and practices differ from one place to another. The purpose of this study is to diagnose the health status and manufacturing practices of this product. 12 manufacturing units located in the Kabare, Kalehe, Uvira and Walungu territories were used as subjects of study. The 5M method classified the various factors that may contribute to the depreciation of the quality of the Mashanza. The results showed that the majority of manufacturing units are of the artisanal type and are not compliant in terms of facilities and sanitation. The equipment used is rudimentary. The staff is poorly educated and has not been trained in good manufacturing and hygiene practices. The results of the physicochemical analysis of the products show values between 31.1% and 48.8% for the dry matter, 3.5 and 3.9 for the pH, of 0.87 and 0.95 for Aw and 41.5 and 100.8 ° D for acidity, reflecting, among other things, the influence of process variability on Mashanza quality. The microbiological analysis reveals a total mesophilic aerobic flora varying between 4 and 8 × 10 2 cfu / ml for whey and 0 and 9.8 × 10 2 cfu / g for Mashanza. The whey accuses the presence of coliforms: E. coli, S.aureus, anaerobic sulphite-reducing germs, yeasts and moulds. Their enumeration shows values ranging between 0 and 1.4 × 10 2 cfu / g for total coliforms, 0 and 36 cfu / g for faecal coliforms, 0 and 1.6 × 10 2 cfu / g for E. coli; 0 and 1.2.103, cfu / ml for the sulphito-reducing anaerobes and between 0 and 1.5.103. ufc / g for yeasts and moulds. Salmonella sp. is absent from all whey and Mashanza samples. In general, Mashanza is satisfactory. The results obtained make it possible to guide producers and researchers on the factors that can degrade the quality of Mashanza and that can be acted on.


Author(s):  
Dhisney Gonçalves de Oliveira ◽  
Reinaldo Romero Vargas ◽  
Antonio Roberto Saad ◽  
Regina De Oliveira Moraes Arruda ◽  
Fabrício Bau Dalmas ◽  
...  

The urbanization process through which large urban centers have been passing has drastically affected the availability and especially the quality of water. The Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed (CIW), located in the municipality of Guarulhos (State of São Paulo, Brazil), includes areas with different land use classes. This paper aims to correlate the spatial and temporal effects of land use and land cover on the water quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed. In a period of 12 months and at six sampling points along the watershed, the physicochemical parameters temperature (T), pH, turbidity (TU), total solids (TS), electrical conductivity (EC), total phosphorus (TP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), as well as microbiological analysis (E. coli) were measured. Water quality was assessed using a modified version (WQIM) of the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Trophic State Index (TSI). The areas surrounded by urban development presented a marked worsening in water quality, with the downstream point most affected and ranked as ‘POOR’. From the evaluated parameters, what contributed most to water quality degradation of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed (CIW) was E. coli, followed by BOD, and TP, all parameters related to the presence of sewage in the water. The need for the construction of sewerage and waste treatment, protection and recovery of riparian forests, and environmental education regarding waste disposal are necessary to significantly improve the environmental quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed.


1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. JANE WYATT ◽  
V. GUY

A sanitation profile scoring form for evaluating sanitation in retail food stores was designed. The profile was tested in 10 Oregon retail markets to evaluate its ability to reflect sanitary conditions. At the time of inspection, samples of meat processed in-store were purchased for microbiological analysis to explore the feasibility of bacterial quality as a measurement of sanitary conditions. Microbiological tests performed included total aerobic plate count (A PC), coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, and Salmonella. Certain deficiencies were noted in the profile designed; however, it provides a means for objective, uniform measurement of sanitary conditions. Data show no correlation exists between microbiological quality of products processed in the store and total store profile sanitary conditions. Fifty percent of the products sampled exceeded bacterial load guidelines currently enforced in Oregon. These “high” counts appear to be directly related to poor temperature control.


1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 948-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATTI C. NEDOLUHA ◽  
DENNIS WESTHOFF

The skin, gills, intestines, tank water, and diet of striped bass grown in recirculating tanks were examined for quantity and quality of microflora. Plate counts for the fish and water samples were similar to counts reported in other systems. The bacteria groups represented most frequently in isolates from the fish were Aeromonas (14%), Moraxellaceae (15%), the Flavobacterium-Chryseobacterium-Cytophaga-Sphingobacterium group (11 %), Bacillus (8%), Group I Pseudomonas (6%), the Shewanella-Alteromonas group (6%), and Comamonadaceae (5%). The food-borne pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, motile Aeromonas spp., and Vibrio mimicus were isolated repeatedly. V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholera were each isolated once, and no Listeria, Plesiomonas, Salmonella, or Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated. Close taxonomic relationships were observed among some of the bacteria found on the fish and in the water; bacteria from the skin and gills were more likely to be related to each other and to the water isolates than to the intestinal isolates. Some bacteria in the intestines originated in the diet, but these strains did not significantly affect the overall microflora of the fish and water.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Evgenia D. Spyrelli ◽  
Agapi I. Doulgeraki ◽  
Anthoula A. Argyri ◽  
Chrysoula C. Tassou ◽  
Efstathios Z. Panagou ◽  
...  

The aim of this study was to investigate on an industrial scale the potential of multispectral imaging (MSI) in the assessment of the quality of different poultry products. Therefore, samples of chicken breast fillets, thigh fillets, marinated souvlaki and burger were subjected to MSI analysis during production together with microbiological analysis for the enumeration of Total Viable Counts (TVC) and Pseudomonas spp. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS-R) models were developed based on the spectral data acquired to predict the “time from slaughter” parameter for each product type. Results showed that PLS-R models could predict effectively the time from slaughter in all products, while the food matrix and variations within and between batches were identified as significant factors affecting the performance of the models. The chicken thigh model showed the lowest RMSE value (0.160) and an acceptable correlation coefficient (r = 0.859), followed by the chicken burger model where RMSE and r values were 0.285 and 0.778, respectively. Additionally, for the chicken breast fillet model the calculated r and RMSE values were 0.886 and 0.383 respectively, whereas for chicken marinated souvlaki, the respective values were 0.934 and 0.348. Further improvement of the provided models is recommended in order to develop efficient models estimating time from slaughter.


Author(s):  
Zorica VOŞGAN ◽  
Lucia MIHALESCU ◽  
Stela JELEA ◽  
Anca DUMUŢA ◽  
Flavia POP

The milk samples were yielded by manual milking from a goat farm that was maintained in extensive system, at monthly intervals during the production period (spring, summer, autumn). Goat milk from a traditional stall in the Maramures County, depending on the lactation period and the season has been analyzed in this study. The milk samples were collected aseptically and transported in laboratory for microbiological analysis. During springtime, when milking is done three times a day, and the amount of milk is higher, the total number of germs is 77.8×103 CFU/ml. A smaller number compared to the number of microorganisms recorded in the summer (97.3×103 CFU/ml) when milking is done twice a day and there are higher temperatures. During autumn, in the conditions of low milk production, at the end of the lactation period and when the samples are harvested only once a day, the number of microorganisms was 81.5×103 CFU /ml. Somatic cells from milk indicating an excess of the normal values especially towards the end of the lactation period. Particular attention should be paid to hygiene conditions when handling milk, to improve its quality. Thus, goat milk has a higher bacterial load (SPC) during summer, and SCC exceeds the recommended limits, especially in the autumn.


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