scholarly journals Análise teórica do arrasto aerodinâmico e da potência média de moinhos de vento simples com tambores excedentes de óleo / Theoretical analysis of aerodynamic drag and average power of simple windmills with excess oil drums

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 116715-116727
Author(s):  
Gean Henrique Sabino Freitas ◽  
Luiz Henrique Moreira De Carvalho ◽  
Nelison Ferreira Corrêa ◽  
Wagner Lopes Klein ◽  
Wilson Espindola Passos
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Ramavath ◽  
Umesh Chandra Samal

Abstract In this paper, two new companders are designed to reduce the ratio of peak to average power (PAPR) experienced by filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) signals. Specifically, the compander basic model is generalized, which alter the distributed FBMC signal amplitude peak. The proposed companders design approach provides better performance in terms of reducing the PAPR, Bit Error Rate (BER) and phase error degradation over the previously existing compander schemes. Many PAPR reduction approaches, such as the µ-law companding technique, are also available. It results in the formation of spectrum side lobes, although the proposed techniques result in a spectrum with fewer side lobes. The theoretical analysis of linear compander and expander transform for a few specific parameters are derived and analyzed. The suggested linear companding technique is analytically analysed using simulations to show that it efficiently decreases the high peaks in the FBMC system.


Open Physics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bai Xu ◽  
Guan Yu ◽  
Li Xia ◽  
Zhi Wang

AbstractThe super energy flows generated and transmitted have been investigated in a parallel-plate waveguide, which is filled with air and the anisotropic left-handed materials. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that the propagation modes of the anisotropic super waveguide are consistent with those of the isotropic waveguides [1–3]. They also show that the loss of electromagnetic parameters size of waveguide will influence the amplitude of time-average power flows.


Author(s):  
T. NAGARAJU ◽  
K. RAMANAIDU

The main drawback of the OFDM is its high peak to average power ratio(PAPR).There are several PAPR reduction techniques. Among the various PAPR reduction techniques, companding transform is attractive for its simplicity and effectiveness. This paper proposes a new companding algorithm. The proposed algorithm offers an improved bit error rate and minimized out-of-band interference while reducing PAPR effectively, compared with the others. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are presented.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7042
Author(s):  
Chiara Ramella ◽  
Paolo Colantonio ◽  
Marco Pirola

This work presents a comprehensive theoretical analysis of current-mode power amplifiers as a function of input power for different biasing classes under the common simplifying assumption of constant transconductance and hard current cut-off/saturation. Typically, the theoretical analysis of power amplifier performance and behavior are carried out only at maximum output power. However, to achieve high data-rates, modern telecommunication systems adopt signals characterized by a very high peak-to-average power ratio, thus it is useful to analyze the power amplifier behavior as a function of power back-off. Moreover, in many cases, to enhance the efficiency and/or to apply harmonic shaping techniques, a clipped drain-source current, which approaches a square wave, is required. The classical analysis can be extended to low power levels only under the assumption of power-independent conduction angle, which is true only for class-A and class-B amplifiers, and does not take into account possible waveform clipping at maximum current. This work presents a complete theoretical Fourier analysis of FET-based power amplifiers as a function of quiescent drain-source current at any input power level and accounting for the clipped current case, up to the square-wave limit, reorganizing and completing the material that can be found in classical textbooks in the field.


1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Peronnet ◽  
G. Thibault ◽  
D. L. Cousineau

A theoretical analysis of the effect of altitude on running performance is presented using a mathematical model we have recently described and validated (J. Appl. Physiol. 67: 453–465, 1989). This model relates the average power output available over a given running time for a given combination of anaerobic capacity, maximal aerobic power, and endurance capability. For short sprinting distances, the contribution of aerobic metabolism to the energy requirement is small and the speed sustained is high. The reduction of maximal aerobic power with altitude is, thus, negligible, whereas the reduction of aerodynamic resistance is beneficial. Accordingly the performance steadily increases with altitude (e.g., average speed for 100 m at Mexico City is 101.9% of the average speed at sea level). On the other hand, the reduction in maximal aerobic power with altitude is associated with a reduction in performance over middle and long distances (800 m to marathon). For 400 m an improvement in performance is observed up to an altitude of approximately 2,400–2,500 m (average speed approximately 101.4% of sea level speed). Beyond this altitude the reduction in air density cannot compensate for the reduction in maximal aerobic power, and the performance deteriorates. Tables of performances equivalent to the current world records for selected altitudes ranging from 0 to 4,000 m are proposed.


Author(s):  
A. Gómez ◽  
P. Schabes-Retchkiman ◽  
M. José-Yacamán ◽  
T. Ocaña

The splitting effect that is observed in microdiffraction pat-terns of small metallic particles in the size range 50-500 Å can be understood using the dynamical theory of electron diffraction for the case of a crystal containing a finite wedge. For the experimental data we refer to part I of this work in these proceedings.


2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Aki Yuasa ◽  
Daisuke Itatsu ◽  
Naoki Inagaki ◽  
Nobuyoshi Kikuma

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Hall

Patients who have undergone several sessions of chemotherapy for cancer will sometimes develop anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV), these unpleasant side effects occurring as the patients return to the clinic for a further session of treatment. Pavlov's analysis of learning allows that previously neutral cues, such as those that characterize a given place or context, can become associated with events that occur in that context. ANV could thus constitute an example of a conditioned response elicited by the contextual cues of the clinic. In order to investigate this proposal we have begun an experimental analysis of a parallel case in which laboratory rats are given a nausea-inducing treatment in a novel context. We have developed a robust procedure for assessing the acquisition of context aversion in rats given such training, a procedure that shows promise as a possible animal model of ANV. Theoretical analysis of the conditioning processes involved in the formation of context aversions in animals suggests possible behavioral strategies that might be used in the alleviation of ANV, and we report a preliminary experimental test of one of these.


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