scholarly journals Premature birth and COVID-19: an integrative review/ Nascimento prematuro e COVID-19: uma revisão integrativa

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1490214911
Author(s):  
Marina Presmich Pontual ◽  
Camila Radelley Azevedo Costa da Silva ◽  
Lisiane Vital de Oliveira ◽  
Lorenna Peixoto Lopes ◽  
Isabela Karine Rodrigues Agra
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Study Results

OBJECTIVE: To review the current scientific evidence of premature birth related to coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19).METHODS: An integrative review was carried out by three independent researchers, based on the literature available in the MEDLINE (via PubMed) and LILACS databases, using the descriptors "coronavirus infections" and "premature birth". This research included case reports or case series published until 26th February 2021, in English or Portuguese. After reading the articles in their entirety, those specifically related to premature birth in pregnant women positive for Covid-19 were selected. Initially, a total of 21 articles were found, 19 were analyzed in full-text and 13 were finally selected for this study. RESULTS: The rate of prematurity was not reflected at the expense of spontaneous premature birth, since these were relatively low, with a cesarean section percentage higher than 80%. Most reports describe the termination of pregnancy by cesarean section due to maternal-fetal hemodynamic instability. It is known that Covid-19 can cause serious maternal or perinatal outcomes; however, it is suggested that the indication of the delivery route be individualized and the importance of quality prenatal care is emphasized.CONCLUSION: Covid-19 prematurity seems to be elevated by the increased number of preterm births due to cesarean sections possibly to improve maternal and neonatal clinical status. However, more studies are needed to prove the hypothesis of spontaneous premature labor caused directly by SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Current evidence of SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission: an integrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisiane Vital de Oliveira ◽  
Camila Radelley Azevedo Costa da Silva ◽  
Lorenna Peixoto Lopes ◽  
Isabela Karine Rodrigues Agra
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Positive Results

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To review the current scientific evidence of vertical transmission related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS An integrative review was performed by two independent researchers, based on the literature available in the MEDLINE (via PubMed) and LILACS databases, using the descriptors “pregnancy” AND “COVID-19” AND “vertical transmission”. This search included case reports or case series published up until 17th June 2020 in English or Portuguese. After reading the articles available in their entirety, those related specifically to the potential risks of vertical transmission of COVID-19 during pregnancy were selected. We initially found a total of 57 articles; 26 were carefully screened and 15 were finally selected. RESULTS Pregnancy can make women more susceptible to infections, especially by viral pathogens, given the various physiological and immunological changes that occur to maintain maternal-fetal balance. It is speculated that the fetus may be a possible target for COVID-19. Few studies (3 out of 15) in our analysis have found positive results for SARS-CoV-2 in fetal membranes, placenta, and in newborns right after birth. Additionally, no difference was noticed when comparing different modes of delivery, and seems reasonable to assume that pregnant women with stable clinical conditions can be encouraged for vaginal delivery. CONCLUSION Further studies with a great number of cases are warranted to elucidate whether the virus may be vertically transmitted to the fetus and if any maternal conditions can influence that. Our findings seem to demonstrate that vertical transmission is possible but quite unusual.

scholarly journals Characterization of Placental Infection by Zika Virus in Humans: A Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (09) ◽  
pp. 577-585
Author(s):  
Emanuella Meneses Venceslau ◽  
José Paulo Guida ◽  
Eliana Amaral ◽  
José Luis Proença Modena ◽  
Maria Laura Costa
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Congenital Diseases ◽  
Hofbauer Cells

Abstract Objective The aim of the current review is to present a systematic evaluation of reported human placental findings in cases of zika virus (ZIKV) infection. Data sources We reviewed the EMBASE, PUBMED, and SCIELO databases until June 2019, without language restrictions. Selection of studies The search terms placenta AND zika virus were used. The inclusion criteria of the studies were studies that reported placental findings in humans. Experimental studies, reviews, notes or editorials were excluded. A total of 436 studies were retrieved; after duplicate exclusion, 243 articles had their titles screened, and 128 had their abstract read; of those, 32 were included in the final analysis (18 case reports, 10 case series, and 4 cohorts) Data collection We collected data concerning the author, year of publication, study design, number of participants, number of placental samples, onset of symptoms, perinatal outcomes, and main findings on histological analysis. Data synthesis The placental pathologic findings were described as mild and nonspecific, similar to those of other placental infections, including chronic placentitis, chronic villitis, increased Hofbauer cells, irregular fibrin deposits, increased mononuclear cells in the villus stroma, villous immaturity, edema, hypervascularization, stromal fibrosis, calcification, and focal necrosis of syncytiotrophoblasts. Conclusion Zika infection presents unspecific placental findings, similar to other infections in the toxoplasmosis, other agents, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes (TORCH)group. Characterizing and standardizing placental findings after zika virus infection is key to understanding the mechanisms of congenital diseases.

So Much Writing, So Little Science: A Review of 37 Years of Literature on Edetate Sodium Chelation Therapy

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1504-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Grier ◽  
David G. Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Chelation Therapy ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Tetraacetic Acid ◽  
Safety And Efficacy

OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of edetate sodium (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid; EDTA) chelation therapy for atherosclerosis. METHODS: Literature search using MEDLINE, encompassing 1966 through May 1993. Further references were obtained from articles and books, and from citations obtained from the American Academy of Medical Preventics. RESULTS: 16 case reports or case series, 2 longitudinal studies, and 3 clinical trials were reviewed, along with testimonials cited in 19 books. CONCLUSIONS: Little valid scientific evidence is available. Although the postulated mechanisms of action for EDTA are biologically plausible and EDTA appears to be safe, it has not been proven effective. Indeed, the best evidence shows it to be ineffective. Therefore, EDTA chelation therapy should not be used in clinical practice to treat atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Pregnant Women Positioning in Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: Integrative Review

10.3823/2449 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Lima Pinto ◽  
Geórgia Alcântara Alencar Melo ◽  
Lívia Moreira Barros ◽  
Nelson Miguel Galindo Neto ◽  
Kenya Waleria de Siqueira Coêlho Lisboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Patient Positioning ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Multidisciplinary Practice ◽  
Lateral Decubitus

Objective: to analyze the scientific evidence on the positioning of pregnant women in spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. Method: an integrative review of the literature in the Scopus, CINAHL, LILACS and PubMed databases using the descriptors "patient positioning", "spinal anesthesia" and "obstetrics" and their synonyms "patient position" and "spinal anesthetics". Results: the sample of 8 articles showed that the fastest onset of blockade in pregnant women occurs in the lateral horizontal decubitus position and in the sitting position with legs downwards. Lateral decubitus with elevated head presented insufficient blockade. Lateral position was related to greater comfort, and its maintenance for 15 minutes before the supine position, after infiltration with the anesthetic was associated with lower incidence of hypotension. Conclusion: Scientific evidence has shown that positioning influences the effect, potentiation and delay of anesthesia, comfort and the pregnant woman's blood pressure, being relevant to the perioperative and obstetric multidisciplinary practice.

scholarly journals The Use of tPA in the Treatment of Frostbite: A Systematic Review

Hand ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Hutchison ◽  
Hannah M. Miller ◽  
Spencer K. Michalke
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Scientific Quality ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Outcomes Measures ◽  
Study Results

Background: The use of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for the treatment of frostbite has been reported and advocated, but its efficacy has not been well established. We conducted a systematic review to guide physicians on the role of tPA in the treatment of frostbite. Our hypothesis was that the use of tPA improves clinical outcomes, as measured by amputation rate. Methods: We searched MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE for primary research articles on the use of tPA for the treatment of extremity frostbite. Information related to study design, outcomes, and complications was extracted. A total of 204 citations were screened, and then 35 abstracts and 24 reports were reviewed. Fifteen studies met the standard for final review. Results: One randomized, prospective study; 3 cohort studies; 8 case series; and 3 case reports were found. A total of 208 patients were treated. Differences in protocols, inclusion criteria, and outcomes measures prevented combining the study results. In all the studies, the authors reported that the use of tPA was or may have been useful in reducing amputation rates or increasing tissue salvage. Complication rates ranged from 0% to 100%, with a combined rate of 13%. The quality of the evidence was low. Conclusions: Due to the low scientific quality of the studies, the efficacy of tPA in reducing amputation rates cannot currently be established. Randomized, prospective trials or well-controlled cohort studies are needed to better assess the role of tPA. Consideration should be given to limiting its use to research protocols.

scholarly journals Use of monoclonal antibodies for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis: literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 175346662096164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel C. Eraso ◽  
Saveria Sangiovanni ◽  
Eliana I. Morales ◽  
Liliana Fernández-Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Significant Clinical Improvement ◽  
Sparing Effect

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a hypersensitivity reaction (HR) mediated by antigens to Aspergillus fumigatus. It is estimated that 2–15% of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and between 1% and 5% of asthmatics develop ABPA, affecting approximately 4.8 million people worldwide. The goals of treatment are controlling inflammation, reducing the number of exacerbations and limiting the progression of lung damage. Systemic steroids are therefore used as the mainstay therapy, along with antifungal medications. However, many patients do not respond or develop side effects to treatment. In this scenario, biological drugs such as Omalizumab, Mepolizumab, Benralizumab and Dupilumab have been implemented in clinical practice, even though there is a lack of scientific evidence to support their use. We performed a literature review of the studies carried out which analyzed biologics for the management of ABPA in adult populations with asthma and CF. To our knowledge this is the first literature review that included all biologics. We included a total of 32 studies, all but one were descriptive studies, and the vast majority evaluated the use of Omalizumab. Biologics appeared to have more benefit for patients with ABPA and asthma than CF, specifically at decreasing the frequency of acute exacerbations and by having a steroid-sparing effect. Although a decrease in serum IgE level is considered a measure of therapy success, values may not decline as expected in the context of a significant clinical improvement, highlighting the importance of measuring patient-oriented outcomes. As evidence comes mainly from case series and case reports, randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate further the safety and efficacy of biologics in ABPA. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

scholarly journals Anesthesia for cesarean section and SARS Cov-2: Observational study in Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleny Elizabeth Huayanay Bernabé ◽  
Marjorie Lisseth Calderón Lozano ◽  
Álvaro Renato Moreno Gonzáles ◽  
José Gunther Vásquez Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perioperative Management ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Anesthetic Technique ◽  
Combined Spinal Epidural ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Spinal Epidural

Introduction: Information regarding the clinical behavior and the anesthetic and perioperative management in pregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 is starting to appear in the literature in the form of case reports or case series. However, strong evidence and recommendations are still limited. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics, the results of anesthetic and perioperative management, and complications in seroprevalent pregnant women for SARS-CoV-2 infection, delivered by cesarean section. Methodology: Observational study in which 107 clinical records of pregnant women who were seroprevalent for SARS-CoV-2 infection were reviewed and analyzed between April and June, 2020. Demographic, clinical and serological data were collected, as well as data on the anesthetic technique and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Results: Of the 107 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 99 (92.52%) were asymptomatic and 8 (7.48%) had mild symptoms. The most frequent reasons for cesarean section were cephalo-pelvic disproportion in 20 (18.68%), previous cesarean section in 20 (18.68%) and non-reassuring fetal status in 14 (13.08%). Anesthesia technique was neuraxial in all cases, with spinal used in 100 (93.5%), combined spinal-epidural in 4 (3.7%) and epidural catheter in 3 (2.8%) patients. No deaths had occurred until the third postoperative day of follow-up. Conclusions: The majority of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection are asymptomatic. In this work, spinal, combined spinal-epidural and epidural neuroxial anesthesia techniques were shown to be effective and safe for these patients and their newborn babies.

scholarly journals Integrative review of literature: nursing care to aged people with HIV

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 884-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arayana Gomes da Silva ◽  
Viviane Siqueira Cavalcanti ◽  
Tâmyssa Simões dos Santos ◽  
Gabriela Rodrigues Bragagnollo ◽  
Karen da Silva Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Caribbean Literature ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Brazilian Literature ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify evidences in scientific Brazilian literature on nursing care to aged people with HIV. Method: Integrative review of literature from databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), Cochrane and the Nursing Database (BDENF). The applied inclusion criteria were publications that were fully available from 2001 to 2015 and answered to the guiding question of this study. Results: We included 13 studies; and the categories that allowed a better presentation of the scientific evidence on nursing care to aged people with HIV carrier were: Epidemiological profile, perceptions and experiences of aged people with HIV and nursing care to aged people with HIV. Conclusion: The studies address nursing care from a clinic that follows NANDA diagnoses of strong individualizing approach and low consideration of social aspects.

scholarly journals Outbreaks of publications about emerging infectious diseases: the case of SARS-CoV-2 and Zika virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Mert Ipekci ◽  
Diana Buitrago-Garcia ◽  
Kaspar Walter Meili ◽  
Fabienne Krauer ◽  
Nirmala Prajapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Outbreaks of infectious diseases generate outbreaks of scientific evidence. In 2016 epidemics of Zika virus emerged, and in 2020, a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We compared patterns of scientific publications for the two infections to analyse the evolution of the evidence. Methods We annotated publications on Zika virus and SARS-CoV-2 that we collected using living evidence databases according to study design. We used descriptive statistics to categorise and compare study designs over time. Results We found 2286 publications about Zika virus in 2016 and 21,990 about SARS-CoV-2 up to 24 May 2020, of which we analysed a random sample of 5294 (24%). For both infections, there were more epidemiological than laboratory science studies. Amongst epidemiological studies for both infections, case reports, case series and cross-sectional studies emerged first, cohort and case-control studies were published later. Trials were the last to emerge. The number of preprints was much higher for SARS-CoV-2 than for Zika virus. Conclusions Similarities in the overall pattern of publications might be generalizable, whereas differences are compatible with differences in the characteristics of a disease. Understanding how evidence accumulates during disease outbreaks helps us understand which types of public health questions we can answer and when.

scholarly journals State-of-the-art clinical results of growth hormone secretagogues, sarm and antagonists

2020 ◽  
pp. 37229-37237
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Hormone Receptor ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretagogues ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Natural Ligand ◽  
Study Results

Introduction: The term growth hormone secretagogues (GHS) encompasses compounds that were developed to increase growth release of growth hormone (GH). GHSs include growth hormone receptor secretagogue agonists (GHS-R), whose natural ligand is ghrelin, and growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) agonists, to which GHRH binds as a native ligand. In the context of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARM), the presence of a Toll-IL-1 receptor domain (TIR) predicts a role for SARMs in innate immunity. SARMs are an emerging class of therapies aimed at cachexia, sarcopenia and hypogonadism or treatment of stress urinary incontinence, osteoporosis, breast cancer and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Objective: To present the state-of-the-art scientific evidence in humans on the use of growth hormone secretagogues, SARM and antagonists. Methods: Experimental and clinical studies were included (case reports, retrospective, prospective, randomized studies and systematic review) with qualitative and/or quantitative analysis. For further specifications, the description “Clinical Trail” for refinement was added during the research, following the rules of the systematic reviewPRISMA. Of 384 articles, a total of 80 articles were evaluated in full and 58 were included and discussed in this study. Results and conclusion: Several clinical trials have been conducted and completed to assess the safety and efficacy of GHS for the diagnosis and / or treatment of GH deficiency. Over the past two decades, scientists' efforts have focused on the discovery and biological characterization of new tissue-specific SARM to promote the beneficial effects of androgens with greatly reduced undesirable side effects. In this regard, numerous studies with SARM of different structures have been reported. Despite evidenced clinical and preclinical studies, no SARM has yet received full clinical approval.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document