scholarly journals Sífilis congênita e sífilis gestacional na região sudeste do Brasil: um estudo ecológico / Congenital syphilis and gestational syphilis in the southeast region of Brazil: an ecological study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 27642-27658
Author(s):  
Beatriz Carvalho de Oliveira ◽  
Eric Pasqualotto ◽  
Jéssica Soares Couto Barbosa ◽  
Vanessa Nascimento Daltro ◽  
Izadora Lima da Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Southeast Region

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal clustering, social vulnerability and risk of congenital syphilis in northeast Brazil: an ecological study

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (9) ◽  
pp. 657-665
Author(s):  
Carlos D F de Souza ◽  
Michael F Machado ◽  
Divanise S Correia ◽  
Rodrigo F do Carmo ◽  
Luis E Cuevas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Statistical Correlations ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Spatiotemporal Clustering

Abstract Background To investigate the spatial distribution of congenital syphilis (CS) and its association to social vulnerability indexes in northeast Brazil. Methods This was an ecological study referring to all cases of CS and CS deaths recorded in the northeast region of Brazil from 2008 to 2015. Data were obtained from three Brazilian information systems. We examined statistical correlations between CS indicators by state and municipality and their socioeconomic and social vulnerability characteristics. We used Bayesian empirical local models to identify fluctuations of the indicators. Spatial statistical tests were used to identify spatial clusters and the municipalities at high risk of CS. Results The incidence of CS ranged from 2.1 cases/1000 live births (LB) in 2008 to 6.9/1000 LB in 2015, with an annual increase of 19.9% (p < 0.001). The mortality coefficient of CS ranged from 2.9/1000 LB in 2008 to 6.5/1000 LB in 2015, resulting in an annual increase of 15.1% (p < 0.001). Nine spatial clusters were identified. Cases of congenital syphilis occurred in well-defined spatiotemporal clusters and in areas with high levels of social vulnerability. Conclusions CS incidence is associated with social vulnerability. CS control programmes should target spatial clusters and populations with high levels of social vulnerability.

scholarly journals Re-emergence of syphilis in women of reproductive age and its association with the increase in congenital syphilis in Mexico during 2010–2019: an ecological study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santa García-Cisneros ◽  
Antonia Herrera-Ortiz ◽  
Maria Olamendi-Portugal ◽  
Miguel Angel Sánchez-Alemán
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract Background Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that is re-emerging in different parts of the world. This infection can be transmitted during pregnancy, causing neonatal syphilis. The objective of this study was to examine trend in syphilis, congenital syphilis, and neonatal deaths among the Mexican population during 2010–2019. Methods An ecological study was carried out to collect information about the incidence of syphilis, the incidence of congenital syphilis, and the incidence of neonatal death from congenital syphilis. The variables were described considering age, sex, Mexican state, and year. Trends across time (calendar year) were analyzed using linear regression, increases were estimated with 95% confidence intervals, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The incidence of syphilis increased by an average of 0.336 cases/100,000 per year and was higher among women aged 15–19 years (0.693 cases). Cases of congenital syphilis increased from 62 cases in 2010 to 372 cases in 2019; furthermore, the increase in syphilis cases among women aged 20 to 24 years was associated with an increase in cases of congenital syphilis. In 2010, 50% of Mexican states did not report cases of congenital syphilis, but in 2018, only 10% did not report cases of congenital syphilis. Between 2010 and 2018, 83 neonatal deaths were reported, with the highest incidence in 2018 (0.88 deaths/100,000 newborns). Conclusion The incidence of congenital syphilis is increasing in Mexico. As a consequence of the reemergence of syphilis among the population of reproductive age, it is necessary to address and treat syphilis in various population groups.

scholarly journals Epidemiological aspects of Meningites in Brazil: a comparison between regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Alexandra Narro Ayin ◽  
Rafaela Seixas Pinho ◽  
Aline Cristine Passos de Souza ◽  
Viviane Nazaré Lopes de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The South ◽  
White Race ◽  
Southeast Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Analyze Data

Background: Meningites are an inflammation of the meninges, more caused by virus, however, they are severe when caused by bacterias Objectives: Analyze data regarding the epidemiology of meningites in Brazil. Methods: Ecological study based on data of incidence and mortality by brazilian regions, sex and age affected by meningitis, between the year 2015 to 2020, available on Datasus. Results: In the north were reported 1.027 cases, Pará the winner; in the southeast were found 10.882 cases, and São Paulo was the most responsible; in the northeast, 12.435 cases were recorded, with the largest number in Bahia; in the South, 19.299 cases were observed, Paraná with the greatest number; finally, the midwest with 916 cases, Goiás was the winner. 8.056 deaths were reported, with the record in the southeast region, with 51,7% of total deaths, followed by the northeast (17,3%), South 16,9%), north (7,9%) and the midwest (5,9%). There was a predominance of the diasease in males (87.189 cases) over females (51.858 cases). The age groups most affected were between 20-39 years old, followed by 1-4 years old. The most affected race were whites, with 49.648 cases, followed by browns with 26.235 cases. Conclusion: The southestern region has higher mortality from meningitis and the South a higher incidence. The white race was the most affected and the age group between 20-39 years old.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of patients with congenital and gestational syphilis in a city in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-872
Author(s):  
Taiza Maschio-Lima ◽  
Iara Lúcia de Lima Machado ◽  
João Paulo Zen Siqueira ◽  
Margarete Teresa Gottardo Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
World Health ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Objectives: to assess the epidemiological profile of congenital and syphilis during pregnancy in residents of São José do Rio Preto in São Paulo State. Methods: ecological study of the epidemiological profile of patients with congenital and gestational syphilis, based on the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Information System for Notifiable Diseases) from 2007 to 2016. Results: there were 396 cases of syphilis reported in pregnant women and 290 of congenital syphilis. In 2016, the rate of detecting syphilis in pregnant women was 13.2 cases/1,000 live births, while congenital syphilis the incidence rate was 6.5 cases/1,000 live births. For gestational syphilis, 54% of the diagnosis was performed in 2nd or 3rd trimester and 85% were reported at the primary care. Adequate treatment for pregnant women occurred in 96% of the notifications with 52% of partners treated. In congenital syphilis, 82% of the mothers underwent prenatal care. However, 94% of the pregnant women were treated inadequately while 82% of the partners did not receive any treatment. Conclusions: there has been an increase in the number of cases of gestational syphilis in pregnant women and a decrease in the cases of congenital syphilis from 2014. These results showed that the goal of 0.5 case/1,000 live births proposed by World Health Organization is still far from being achieved in this city.

Traces of Past Sami Forest Use: An Ecological Study of Culturally Modified Trees and Earlier Land Use Within a Boreal Forest Reserve

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Östlund ◽  
Tysk Staffan Ericsson ◽  
Olle Zackrisson ◽  
Rikard Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Culturally Modified Trees ◽  
Forest Use

Ecological Study of Two Schools

1981 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Alfred L. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study

Congenital Syphilis Simulating Bone Neoplasm in 2-Month Old Infant – Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Eosinophilic Granuloma ◽  
Osteolytic Lesion ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Distal Fibula ◽  
X Ray

Introduction: Congenital Syphilis (CS) occurs through the transplacental transmission of Treponema pallidum in inadequately treated or non-treated pregnant women, and is capable of severe consequences such as miscarriage, preterm birth, congenital disease and/or neonatal death. CS has been showing an increasing incidence worldwide, with an increase of 208% from 2009 to 2015 in Brazil. Case report: 2-month old infant receives care in emergency service due to edema of right lower limb with pain in mobilization. X-ray with osteolytic lesion in distal fibula. Infant was sent to the Pediatrics Oncology clinic. Perinatal data: 7 prenatal appointments, negative serology at 10 and 30 weeks of gestation. End of pregnancy tests were not examined and tests for mother’s hospital admission were not requested. Mother undergone elective cesarean section at 38 weeks without complications. During the pediatric oncologist appointment, patient showed erythematous-squamous lesions in neck and other scar-like lesions in upper body. A new X-ray of lower limbs showed lesions in right fibula with periosteal reaction associated with aggressive osteolytic lesion compromising distal diaphysis, with cortical bone rupture and signs of pathological fracture, suggestive of eosinophilic granuloma. She was hospitalized for a lesion biopsy. Laboratory tests: hematocrit: 23.1 / hemoglobin 7.7 / leukocytes 10,130 (without left deviation) / platelets 638,000 / Negative Cytomegalovirus IgG and IgM and Toxoplasmosis IgG and IgM / VDRL 1:128. Congenital syphilis diagnosis with skin lesions, bone alterations and anemia. Lumbar puncture: glucose 55 / total proteins 26 / VDRL non reagent / 13 leukocytes (8% neutrophils; 84% monomorphonuclear; 8% macrophages) and 160 erythrocytes / negative VDRL and culture. X-ray of other long bones, ophthalmological evaluation and abdominal ultrasound without alterations. Patient was hospitalized for 14 days for treatment with Ceftriaxone 100mg/kg/day, due to the lack of Crystalline Penicillin in the hospital. She is now under outpatient follow-up. Discussion: CS is responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality. The ongoing increase of cases of this pathology reflects a severe health issue and indicates failures in policies for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, with inadequate follow-up of prenatal and maternity protocols.

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