scholarly journals Spatiotemporal clustering, social vulnerability and risk of congenital syphilis in northeast Brazil: an ecological study

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (9) ◽  
pp. 657-665
Author(s):  
Carlos D F de Souza ◽  
Michael F Machado ◽  
Divanise S Correia ◽  
Rodrigo F do Carmo ◽  
Luis E Cuevas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Statistical Correlations ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Spatiotemporal Clustering

Abstract Background To investigate the spatial distribution of congenital syphilis (CS) and its association to social vulnerability indexes in northeast Brazil. Methods This was an ecological study referring to all cases of CS and CS deaths recorded in the northeast region of Brazil from 2008 to 2015. Data were obtained from three Brazilian information systems. We examined statistical correlations between CS indicators by state and municipality and their socioeconomic and social vulnerability characteristics. We used Bayesian empirical local models to identify fluctuations of the indicators. Spatial statistical tests were used to identify spatial clusters and the municipalities at high risk of CS. Results The incidence of CS ranged from 2.1 cases/1000 live births (LB) in 2008 to 6.9/1000 LB in 2015, with an annual increase of 19.9% (p < 0.001). The mortality coefficient of CS ranged from 2.9/1000 LB in 2008 to 6.5/1000 LB in 2015, resulting in an annual increase of 15.1% (p < 0.001). Nine spatial clusters were identified. Cases of congenital syphilis occurred in well-defined spatiotemporal clusters and in areas with high levels of social vulnerability. Conclusions CS incidence is associated with social vulnerability. CS control programmes should target spatial clusters and populations with high levels of social vulnerability.

scholarly journals Time Trend, Social Vulnerability, and Identification of Risk Areas for Tuberculosis in Brazil: an Ecological Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo Silva de Paiva ◽  
Mônica Avelar Figueiredo Mafra Magalhães ◽  
Thiago Cavalcanti Leal ◽  
Leonardo Feitosa da Silva ◽  
Lucas Gomes da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Risk Areas

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONTuberculosis is one of the ten leading causes of death and the leading infectious cause worldwide. The disease represents a challenge to health systems around the world. In 2018, it is estimated that 10 million people were affected by tuberculosis, and approximately 1.5 million people died due to the disease worldwide, including 251,000 patients coinfected with HIV. In Brazil, the disease caused 4,490 deaths, with rate of 2.2 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. The objective of this study was to analyze the time behavior, spatial distribution, and the effects of social vulnerability on the incidence of TB in Brazil during the period from 2001 to 2017.METHODSA spatial-temporal ecological study was conducted, including all new cases of tuberculosis registered in Brazil during the period from 2001 to 2017. The following variables were analyzed: incidence rate of tuberculosis, the Social Vulnerability Index, its subindices, its 16 indicators, and an additional 14 variables available on the Atlas of Social Vulnerability. The statistical treatment of the data consisted of the following three stages: a) time trend analysis with a joinpoint regression model; b) spatial analysis and identification of risk areas based on smoothing of the incidence rate by local empirical Bayesian model, application of global and local Moran statistics, and, finally, spatial-temporal scan statistics; and c) analysis of association between the incidence rate and the indicators of social vulnerability.RESULTSBrazil reduced the incidence of tuberculosis from 42.8 per 100,000 to 35.2 per 100,000 between 2001 and 2017. Only the state of Minas Gerais showed an increasing trend, whereas nine other states showed a stationary trend. A total of 326 Brazilian municipalities were classified as high priority, and 22 high-risk spatial clusters were identified. The overall Social Vulnerability Index and the subindices of Human Capital and Income and Work were associated with the incidence of tuberculosis. It was also observed that the incidence rates were greater in municipalities with greater social vulnerability.CONCLUSIONSThis study identified spatial clusters with high risk of TB in Brazil. A significant association was observed between the incidence rate of TB and the indices of social vulnerability.

scholarly journals Spatial clustering, social vulnerability and risk of leprosy in an endemic area in Northeast Brazil: an ecological study

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1581-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D.F. Souza ◽  
V.S. Rocha ◽  
N.F. Santos ◽  
T.C. Leal ◽  
J.P.S. Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Northeast Brazil

scholarly journals Crise Económica em Portugal: Evolução da Incidência de Depressão e Correlação com o Desemprego

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Laplanche Coelho ◽  
Mafalda Sousa-Uva ◽  
Nuno Pina ◽  
Sara Marques ◽  
Carlos Matias-Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
Sentinel Network ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Previous studies have found an increase in the incidence rate of depression between 2007 – 2013 in Portugal, with a positive correlation with the unemployment rate, namely, in men. So, it was hypothesized that this increase is related with the situation of economic crisis. This study aimed to investigate if the correlation between unemployment rates and the incidence of depression is maintained in the post-crisis period of economic recovery in Portugal (2016 – 2018).Material and Methods: An ecological study was carried out, using data from the General Practitioners Sentinel Network concerning depression incidence (first episodes and relapses) and data from the National Statistics Institute on unemployment rates in the Portuguese population. The correlation coefficient was estimated using linear regression and the results were disaggregated by sex.Results: Between 2016 and 2018, there was a consistent decrease in the incidence of depression in both sexes. During the 1995 – 2018 period, a positive correlation was observed between unemployment and depression, with a coefficient of 0.833 (p = 0.005) in males and of 0.742 (p = 0.022) in females.Discussion: The reduction in the incidence of depression in both sexes observed between 2016 – 2018 corroborates a positive correlation between unemployment and depression in the Portuguese population, previously observed between 2007 – 2013.Conclusion: This study highlights the need to monitor the occurrence of mental illness in the Portuguese population, especially in moments of greatest social vulnerability in order to establish preventive measures, as a way to mitigate the impact of future economic crises.

scholarly journals Re-emergence of syphilis in women of reproductive age and its association with the increase in congenital syphilis in Mexico during 2010–2019: an ecological study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santa García-Cisneros ◽  
Antonia Herrera-Ortiz ◽  
Maria Olamendi-Portugal ◽  
Miguel Angel Sánchez-Alemán
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract Background Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that is re-emerging in different parts of the world. This infection can be transmitted during pregnancy, causing neonatal syphilis. The objective of this study was to examine trend in syphilis, congenital syphilis, and neonatal deaths among the Mexican population during 2010–2019. Methods An ecological study was carried out to collect information about the incidence of syphilis, the incidence of congenital syphilis, and the incidence of neonatal death from congenital syphilis. The variables were described considering age, sex, Mexican state, and year. Trends across time (calendar year) were analyzed using linear regression, increases were estimated with 95% confidence intervals, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The incidence of syphilis increased by an average of 0.336 cases/100,000 per year and was higher among women aged 15–19 years (0.693 cases). Cases of congenital syphilis increased from 62 cases in 2010 to 372 cases in 2019; furthermore, the increase in syphilis cases among women aged 20 to 24 years was associated with an increase in cases of congenital syphilis. In 2010, 50% of Mexican states did not report cases of congenital syphilis, but in 2018, only 10% did not report cases of congenital syphilis. Between 2010 and 2018, 83 neonatal deaths were reported, with the highest incidence in 2018 (0.88 deaths/100,000 newborns). Conclusion The incidence of congenital syphilis is increasing in Mexico. As a consequence of the reemergence of syphilis among the population of reproductive age, it is necessary to address and treat syphilis in various population groups.

scholarly journals Social Vulnerability and Racial Inequality in COVID-19 Deaths in Chicago

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sage J. Kim ◽  
Wendy Bostwick
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
African American ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
African American Communities ◽  
Emerging Pattern

Although the current COVID-19 crisis is felt globally, at the local level, COVID-19 has disproportionately affected poor, highly segregated African American communities in Chicago. To understand the emerging pattern of racial inequality in the effects of COVID-19, we examined the relative burden of social vulnerability and health risk factors. We found significant spatial clusters of social vulnerability and risk factors, both of which are significantly associated with the increased COVID-19-related death rate. We also found that a higher percentage of African Americans was associated with increased levels of social vulnerability and risk factors. In addition, the proportion of African American residents has an independent effect on the COVID-19 death rate. We argue that existing inequity is often highlighted in emergency conditions. The disproportionate effects of COVID-19 in African American communities are a reflection of racial inequality and social exclusion that existed before the COVID-19 crisis.

scholarly journals SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FIREWOOD PRODUCTION IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL (1994-2013)

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Moreira Coelho Junior ◽  
Kalyne de Lourdes da Costa Martins ◽  
Pablo Aurélio Lacerda de Almeida Pinto ◽  
Magno Vamberto Batista da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Spatial Cluster ◽  
Weight Matrix ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Production Value

ABSTRACT This paper analyzed the effects of the spatial distribution of the firewood gross production value (GPV) of northeast Brazil through an exploratory approach using spatial data for the period from 1994 to 2013. Identification of spatial clusters in firewood production through the spatial weighting matrices of 2 nearest neighbors and “queen” and “rook” contiguity matrices were used. Based on the analyses, the following can be concluded: there is a positive autocorrelation for firewood GPV; the high-high spatial cluster was formed predominantly in the Bahia region; the high-high spatial cluster, which considers the weight matrix per area, was composed of the Ceará and Pernambuco mesoregions; the low-low spatial cluster consisted of the Sergipe and Alagoas mesoregions; and the low-low cluster, which considers the weight matrix per area, was formed by the Sergipe, Alagoas and Piauí regions.

scholarly journals Quality of life, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and sexual function in mothers of neonates with congenital syphilis in the Northeast Brazil: A cohort study

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 100127
Author(s):  
Carolina Santos Souza Tavares ◽  
Sheila Jaqueline Gomes dos Santos Oliveira ◽  
Vanessa Tavares de Gois-Santos ◽  
Andreia Centenaro Vaez ◽  
Max Oliveira de Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Northeast Brazil

scholarly journals Assessing epidemiology of leprosy and socio-economic distribution of cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (14) ◽  
pp. 1750-1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. F. Matos ◽  
A. C. O. Coelho ◽  
L. P. T. Araújo ◽  
M. J. M. Alves ◽  
O. S. Baquero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Case Detection Rate ◽  
Health Vulnerability ◽  
Long Time

AbstractLeprosy still represents a serious health problem in a number of countries, including Brazil. Although leprosy has been associated with poverty for a long time, it is still difficult to accurately define this relationship. Here, we evaluated in an endemic municipality the progress from 1995 to 2015 of epidemiological indicators to establish if there were any strong associations between social indicators and the occurrence of leprosy. An ecological study was conducted using the SINAN database (Brazilian leprosy-national notifiable diseases information system) in combination with georeferencing of leprosy cases. The georeferencing used the ArcGis programme and occurrence of cases was evaluated in relation to the Health Vulnerability Index (HVI), an indicator that categorises socio-economic and sanitation factors. The data identified a marked decrease in the overall prevalence of leprosy, a reduction in the new case-detection rate and a reduction in the number of cases with grade 2 disabilities (albeit with transient peaks in 2007 and 2015). Logistic regression analysis showed association of detection rates with elevated HVI. Thus, while the epidemiological indicators point to the elimination of leprosy, there is evidence of hidden cases and an association between higher rates of leprosy detection and greater social vulnerability remain.

scholarly journals Tecnologias de intervenção em terapia ocupacional social: reflexões a partir de uma oficina de produção de fanzine no contexto prisional / Interventional technologies in social occupational therapy: reflections from a fanzine creation workshop in the pris

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-426
Author(s):  
Waldez Cavalcante Bezerra ◽  
Clesiane Faustino dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Social Visibility ◽  
Incarcerated Population ◽  
The City

Este artigo reflete sobre o uso da produção de fanzine junto à população carcerária como tecnologia de intervenção em terapia ocupacional social, considerando a necessidade de investimentos teóricos e práticos que norteiem a ação profissional nesse campo de atuação. A experiência relatada ocorreu em instituição prisional da cidade de Maceió-AL, região Nordeste do Brasil. Observou-se que, ao se utilizar o fanzine como um recurso, foram ampliadas as oportunidades de: discussão e reflexão crítica sobre a sociedade e o cotidiano institucional; expressão livre de ideias; autonomia e satisfação pessoal em produzir algo; visibilidade social positiva acerca de quem o produziu. This article reflects upon the using of fanzine production with the incarcerated population as a intervention technology in social occupational therapy, considering the necessity of investments both theoretical and practical to guide the professional acting in said field. The reported experience has occurred in a prison institution in the city of Maceió, state of Alagoas, northeast Brazil. It was observed that when using fanzine as a resource, many opportunities for discussion and critical reflection towards society and institutional routines were created, as well as expressing ideas freely, autonomy and self satisfaction in producing something; positive social visibility of who produced it. Keywords: Prisons, Social Vulnerability, Citizenship, Occupational Therapy/trends. Este artículo reflexiona sobre el uso de la producción de fanzine junto a la población carcelaria como tecnología de intervención en terapia ocupacional social, considerando la necesidad de inversiones teóricas y prácticas que norteen la acción profesional en ese campo de actuación. La experiencia relatada ha ocurrido en una institución carcelaria de la ciudad de Maceió-AL, región Nordeste do Brasil. Se observó que, cuando se utiliza el fanzine como un recurso fueron ampliadas las oportunidades de: discusión y reflexión crítica acerca de la sociedad y el cotidiano institucional; expresión libre de ideas; autonomía y satisfacción personal en producir algo; visibilidad social positiva acerca de quién lo produce.Palabras clave: Cárceles, Vulnerabilidad social, Ciudadanía, Terapia Ocupacional/tendencias.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document