scholarly journals Comparison of the effect of bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxideand 35% hydrogen peroxide on flexural strength of Cention N in selfcuredand dual-cured polymerization modes

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
Narmin Mohammadi ◽  
Soodabeh Kimyai ◽  
Yasaman Ghavami Lahij ◽  
Mahmoud Bahari ◽  
Amir Ahmad Ajami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
The Self ◽  
Restorative Material ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background. The use of bleaching agents might result in microstructural changes in tooth structure andin restorative materials. This study compared the effects of bleaching with %15 carbamide peroxide and%35 hydrogen peroxide on the flexural strength of Cention N restorative material using the self-curedand dual-cured polymerization modes. Methods. Sixty bar-shaped samples of Cention N restorative material were included in this in vitrostudy and assigned to three groups (n=20) randomly: control, bleaching with %15 carbamide peroxideand bleaching with %35 hydrogen peroxide. Each group was divided into two subgroups: samplespolymerized in the self-cured mode and samples polymerized in the dual-cured mode. Then the flexuralstrengths of the samples were determined. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare flexural strengthsbetween the three groups in two polymerization modes, followed by post hoc Tukey test. Statisticalsignificance was defined at P<0.05. Results. The difference in the mean flexural strength was significant in terms of the bleaching regimen(P<0.001), with significantly lower flexural strength in the two bleaching groups compared to thecontrol group. However, the mean flexural strengths were not significantly different in terms of thepolymerization mode applied (P=0.14). Conclusion. The application of %15 carbamide peroxide and %35 hydrogen peroxide bleaching agentsdecreased the flexural strength of Cention N restorative material. Irrespective of the bleaching regimen,there was no significant difference in the flexural strength of Cention N between the self-curing anddual-curing polymerization modes.

scholarly journals Effect of Bleaching with 15% Carbamide Peroxide on Flexural Strength of Three Resin-Based Restorative Materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soodabeh Kimyai ◽  
Yasaman Ghavami Lahij ◽  
Mehdi Daneshpooy ◽  
Elmira Jafari Navimipour ◽  
Parnian Alizadeh Oskoee
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Restorative Material ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Bleaching Procedure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: Considering the increasing use of vital bleaching procedures and the increased application of newly introduced resin-based materials for tooth restoration, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of 15% carbamide peroxide gel on the flexural strength of three resin-based restorative materials. Materials and Methods: Three different types of restorative materials namely Beautifil II giomer, Cention N, and Z250 micro-hybrid composite resin were evaluated in this in vitro, experimental study. Twenty-four bar-shaped specimens were prepared from each restorative material, totaling 72 specimens, and were randomly assigned to two subgroups with and without bleaching procedure (n=12). In the bleaching subgroups, 15% carbamide peroxide gel was applied on the specimen surface 8 h a day for 14 days. The flexural strength of the specimens was then measured. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the flexural strength of the specimens. Results: There was a significant reduction in the flexural strength of materials following exposure to the bleaching agent (P<0.05). The flexural strength was significantly higher in the groups that did not undergo bleaching. However, the mean flexural strength of the restorative materials was not significantly different (P=0.12). Conclusion: The flexural strength of Beautifil II giomer, Cention N, and Z250 micro-hybrid composite resin could be compromised subsequent to bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxide gel. The three resin-based restorative materials exhibited similar flexural strength values irrespective of the use or no use of 15% carbamide peroxide gel.

scholarly journals SELF ESTEEM OF SECONDARY SCHOOL THARU STUDENTS OF WEST CHAMPARAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 354-358
Author(s):  
Ignatius Topno ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Behavior

SelfEsteemis a central construct in clinical, developmental, personality, and social psychology.Self Esteem can be defined as an individuals judgment of his or her self-worth (Rosenberg 1965). Self Esteem is generally considered the evaluative component of the self-concept, a broader representation of the self that includes cognitive and behavioral aspects as well as evaluative or affective ones (Tomaka&Blascovich, 1991). Self Esteem creates self-image (Judy and Arin 2004). People with high self esteem take risks more easily than those with low self Esteem. Self Esteem, that is contingent on success and competence, triggers fundamentally different habitual thought and behavior patterns than contingent self Esteem, that involves seeking compensation from emotional support and acceptance. These behaviors and attitudes have in recent studies been linked to distinctive patterns of coping with social threats and differential health outcomes.It is an extremely popular construct within psychology, and has been related to virtually every other psychological concept or domain, including personality, behavioral, cognitive, and clinical concepts. It can influence life in myriad ways, from academic and professional success to relationships and mental health. On the above criteria in mind the researcher desired using mean, standard deviation t test to study the difference between the mean scores of male and female, Private and Government job holders children, age of students, type of family and finally the standard of students in their self-esteem of secondary school Tharu children of West Champaran . The result declared that there is no significant difference between the mean scores of male and female,Private and government Job holders children, single and nuclear family, whereas there is a significant difference between the mean scores of less than 14 and above 14 years and IXth and Xth Standard secondary school Tharu students in their self-esteem.

scholarly journals Effect of peroxide bleaching on the biaxial flexural strength and modulus of bovine dentin

2015 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Ana Paula Almeida Ayres ◽  
Letícia Cunha Amaral Gonzaga de Almeida ◽  
André Luiz Fraga Briso ◽  
Frederick Allen Rueggeberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment ◽  
Biaxial Flexural Strength ◽  
Biaxial Mechanical Properties

ABSTRACT Objective: This study evaluated the effects of carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide on the biaxial flexural strength and flexural modulus of bovine dentin. Materials and Methods: Thirty coronal dentin disks (0.5 mm thick × 6.0 mm diameter) were prepared from bovine teeth. The disks were randomly divided into three groups (n=10): A control group (unbleached), a group bleached with 10% carbamide peroxide (8 h at 37°C), and a group bleached with 38% hydrogen peroxide (three 10 min applications at 37°C). The specimens were tested in a biaxial flexural apparatus held in a universal testing machine at 1.27 mm/min until failure occurred, and the biaxial mechanical properties were calculated. For each test parameter, the data were statistically analyzed by Fisher's PLSD test (predetermined ⍺ = 0.05). Results: The group bleached with 38% hydrogen peroxide demonstrated significantly lower flexural strength than the unbleached control group. Hydrogen peroxide treatment resulted in a significantly lower flexural modulus compared with the control group and with carbamide peroxide bleaching. Conclusion: Exposure of dentin to hydrogen peroxide significantly reduced both the flexural strength and the flexural modulus compared with the no-treatment control, whereas exposure to carbamide peroxide did not significantly affect either parameter.

scholarly journals pH-changes during Intracoronal Bleaching: An in vivo Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Câmara Barcellos ◽  
Alessandra Buhler Borges ◽  
Regina Célia dos Santos Pinto Silva ◽  
Luciana Maria Ribeiro ◽  
Cesar Rogério Pucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Perborate ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ph Changes ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Objectives This study aimed to measure pH changes during 14 days intracoronal bleaching with hydrogen peroxide/sodium perborate and carbamide peroxide/sodium perborate. Materials and methods Twenty patients presenting endodontically treated central maxillary incisors with color alterations were divided in two groups (n = 10): Group CP + SP: 37% carbamide peroxide + sodium perborate paste; Group HP + SP: 30% hydrogen peroxide + sodium perborate paste. The pH values were measured using a digital microprocessor at different times: Baseline, 2, 7 and 14 days. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (á = 0.05). Results ANOVA showed p < 0.00 which indicated significant difference between the groups. The mean values (± sd) and the results of the Tukey's test were: HP + SP/14 days—7.98 (±0.58)a; HP + SP/7 days—8.59 (±0.18)b; HP + SP/2 days— 8.83 (±0.32)bc; HP + SP/Baseline—8.83 (±0.01)bc; CP + SP/ Baseline—8.89 (±0.01)bc; CP + SP/14 days—9.11 (±0.58)cd; CP + SP/7 days—9.54 (±0.16)de; CP + SP/2 days—9.66 (±0.08) de. The group HP + SP resulted in significantly lower pH values compared with group CP + SP. Conclusion It can be concluded that both associations showed alkaline pH values; however, there was significant reduction in the pH values of the 30% hydrogen peroxide associated with sodium perborate after 14 days. Clinical Significance The association of hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide with sodium perborate paste presented alkaline characteristics during the 14-day evaluated period. Thus, regarding pH changes, both associations can be considered safe as intracoronal bleaching agents. How to cite this article Barcellos DC, Borges AB, Silva RCDSP, Ribeiro LM, Pucci CR, Torres CRG. pH-changes during Intracoronal Bleaching: An in vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(2):109-113.

scholarly journals Effect of Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Gel on Composite Resin Flexural Strength and Microhardness

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Rodrigues Hatanaka ◽  
Filipe de Oliveira Abi-Rached ◽  
Antonio Alves de Almeida-Junior ◽  
Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Restorative Material ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

This study investigated the effect of 16% carbamide peroxide (Whiteness Perfect/FGM) on the Vickers microhardness and flexural strength of the restorative composites Filtek Z100 (hybrid), Filtek Z350 (nanofill), Brilliant (micro-hybrid) and Opallis (micro-hybrid). Disc-shaped (4x2 mm; n=5) and bar-shaped (12x2x1 mm; n=10) specimens of each restorative material were randomly divided into 2 groups: (G1) 16 weeks stored in distilled water; (G2) 16 weeks stored in distilled water, with 16% carbamide peroxide application during 6 h per day for the last 4 weeks. The mechanical properties were evaluated using a Vickers microhardness tester and a mechanical testing machine. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's (HSD) post-hoc test (α=0.05). Filtek Z100 presented the highest microhardness value, followed by Filtek Z350 and finally by Brilliant and Opallis (p=0.00). Filtek Z100 and Brilliant exhibited the highest flexural strength value, followed by Filtek Z350 and Opallis (p=0.00). Bleaching treatment decreased significantly microhardness of Brilliant and Opallis (p=0.00). The flexural strength of all studied materials was not affected by the home bleaching (p=0.28).

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Different Local Anesthetic Solutions Available in Market: An In Vitro and Clinical Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisha Imran ◽  
Faisal Moeen ◽  
Beenish Abbas ◽  
Bakhtawar Yaqoob ◽  
Mehreen Wajahat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Similar Composition ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Objectives The study aimed to evaluate and compare various commercially available local anesthetic solutions. Materials and Methods A total of 150 commercially available local anesthetic cartridges of similar composition (2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000) were randomly collected and divided into 3 groups. The designations of groups were selected from their product names such that each group consisted of 60 cartridges. Group S (Septodont, France) Group M (Medicaine, Korea) and Group H (HD-Caine, Pakistan). The samples were divided into five sub-groups, each consisting of 10 cartridges from each group to investigate each parameter. Results The acquired data was statistically analyzed and compared (using SPSS version 12). Compositional analysis revealed a non-significant (P>0.05) difference when the three Groups were compared with standard lidocaine and epinephrine solutions. The mean pH values of samples from group S, M and H respectively fell within the range of pH values of commercially available solutions. Non-significant difference in EPT values of Group S and H was found when efficacy was compared (p = 0.3), however a significant difference (p < 0.01) was observed in contrast to Group M. Anti-bacterial activity was observed in all the group and a non-significant difference in cell viability values of Group S and M was found (p = 0.6), while the difference was significant in comparison to Group H. Conclusion Within the limitations of these investigations, it appears that the properties of different manufacturers fall within the recommended ranges as mentioned in literature and do not appear to be statistically different in the variables we have tested.

Analysis of the breeding records of a herd of pigs

1954 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Braude ◽  
P. M. Clarke ◽  
K. G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Large White ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Length Of Gestation

1. A survey and. statistical analysis of the records of litters born in the N.I.R.D. herd of Large White pigs over a period of 16 years are presented.2. The mean length of gestation was 114 days for both gilts and sows.3. The mean numbers of pigs born alive and born dead per litter from gilts, 10·0 and 0·2 respectively, were both significantly smaller than the corresponding figures for sows, 11·8 and O·8. No seasonal differences were found.4. The mean total losses of pigs from birth to weaning at 8 weeks were 29·5% of pigs born alive. The losses in litters from gilts, 23·0%, were significantly smaller than in litters from sows, 31·0%. The losses during the winter months both for gilts, 32·5%, and for sows, 35·9%, were significantly higher than during the summer months, 19·4% and 26·7% for gilts and sows respectively.5. Over 50% of the total losses were due to crushing by the dam, 74·1% of the losses from this cause occurring during the first 48 hr. after birth.6. The mean number of pigs weaned per litter was 8·0. The difference between the number weaned per litter from gilts, 7·7, and per litter from number of pigs was weaned per litter from sows during the summer months, 8·7, than during the winter months, 7·4.7. There was no significant difference between the number of male and of female pigs weaned.8. The mean weight at weaning was 29·9 lb., male pigs, 30·3 lb., being significantly heavier than females, 29·51b. Pigs in litters from gilts, 27·81b., were significantly lighter at weaning than those from sows, 30·0 lb., and for both gilts and sows, pigs reared during the summer months, 29·7 and 31·8 lb. respectively, were significantly heavier than those reared during the winter months, 25·9 and 28·2 lb. respectively.

scholarly journals Influence of Apical Patency and Cleaning of the Apical Foramen on Periapical Extrusion in Retreatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 482-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marili Doro Andrade Deonizio ◽  
Gilson Blitzkow Sydney ◽  
Antonio Batista ◽  
Roberto Pontarolo ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Bittencourt Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Root Canal Retreatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Removal Technique

This study evaluated the influence of apical patency, root filling removal technique and cleaning of the apical foramen, concerning the amount of debris extruded during root canal retreatment. Forty mandibular incisors were randomly assigned to 4 groups - GIM (n=10), GIIM (n=10), GIPT (n=10) and GIIPT (n=10), which were named according to leaving (I) or not (II) apical patency during canal preparation and filling removal technique (manual - M or ProTaper system - PT). After filling material removal, each specimen of each group had the apical foramen cleaned by sizes 15, 20 and 25 instruments, generating 12 subgroups: GIM15, GIM20, GIM25, GIIM15, GIIM20, GIIM25, GIPT15, GIPT20, GIPT25, GIIPT15, GIIPT20 and GIIPT25. Extruded filling debris was collected by a Milipore filtration system, an HV-durapore, 0.45 µm pore filter with a 25 mm diameter. The filters were weighed before and after the collection on an analytical scale (10–5 g), and the difference was calculated. The mean weight of extruded filling debris was analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman ANOVA tests (α=0.05). The mean values found in the groups (in mg) were: GIM (0.95±0.94), GIIM (0.47±0.62), GIPT (0.30±0.31) and GIIPT (0.32±0.44). There was no statistically significant difference among any of the groups or subgroups (p>0.05). ProTaper provided the smallest amount of extruded filling material, regardless of presence or absence of apical patency, followed by manual technique, without and with apical patency. Additional amounts of debris were collected during cleaning of the apical foramen, regardless of the instrument, presence/absence of patency or root filling removal technique.

Effect of smoking on cardiovascular autonomic functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3780-3784
Author(s):  
P.Vani ◽  
◽  
Sharan B Singh M ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
T Test ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Autonomic Functions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is a prime risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Chronic smoking results in autonomic dysfunction leading to increased cardiovascular risk in smokers. The present study was planned to study the effect of smoking on the Cardiovascular Autonomic Functions among smokers. Materials and Methods: Fifty male subjects who were in the age group of 25 to 45 years. They were grouped into 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers. The participant subjects were selected among the staff members, residents and the patients from the routine OPD in SVIMS. Prior to study, they were informed about the procedure and the purpose of the study tests and written consents were obtained from them. The Cardiovascular Autonomic Function Tests were assessed by using a POLYGRAPH which was available in the department. Results and Conclusion: After applying the ‘t’-test for the difference between the two sample means, it was observed that there was a highly significant difference between the mean values of the BMI(i.e.p<0.01) and the para-sympathetic function tests among the smokers and the non – smokers(i.e.p<0.00). The Resting Heart Rate had significantly increased and the Deep breathing difference, the postural tachycardial index (Response to standing) and the Valsalva Ratio had significantly decreased in the smokers as compared to those in the non – smokers. After applying the ‘t’-test for the difference between the two sample means, it was observed that there was no significant difference between the mean values of the Postural hypotension test (i.e. p>0.05) and that there was a highly significant difference between the mean values of the Sustained handgrip test in the smokers and the non – smokers (i.e. p<0.00). KEY WORDS: Cardiovascular autonomic function tests, Smoking, Resting heart rate.

scholarly journals Radiopacity of restorative materials using digital images

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leda Maria Pescinini Salzedas ◽  
Mário Jefferson Quirino Louzada ◽  
Antonio Braz de Oliveira Filho
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Material ◽  
Radiographic Image ◽  
Equivalent Thickness ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Permanent Molar ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Phosphor Plate ◽  
The Mean

The radiopacity of esthetic restorative materials has been established as an important requirement, improving the radiographic diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of six restorative materials using a direct digital image system, comparing them to the dental tissues (enamel-dentin), expressed as equivalent thickness of aluminum (millimeters of aluminum). Five specimens of each material were made. Three 2-mm thick longitudinal sections were cut from an intact extracted permanent molar tooth (including enamel and dentin). An aluminum step wedge with 9 steps was used. The samples of different materials were placed on a phosphor plate together with a tooth section, aluminum step wedge and metal code letter, and were exposed using a dental x-ray unit. Five measurements of radiographic density were obtained from each image of each item assessed (restorative material, enamel, dentin, each step of the aluminum step wedge) and the mean of these values was calculated. Radiopacity values were subsequently calculated as equivalents of aluminum thickness. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant differences in radiopacity values among the materials (P<0.0001). The radiopacity values of the restorative materials evaluated were, in decreasing order: TPH, F2000, Synergy, Prisma Flow, Degufill, Luxat. Only Luxat had significantly lower radiopacity values than dentin. One material (Degufill) had similar radiopacity values to enamel and four (TPH, F2000, Synergy and Prisma Flow) had significantly higher radiopacity values than enamel. In conclusion, to assess the adequacy of posterior composite restorations it is important that the restorative material to be used has enough radiopacity, in order to be easily distinguished from the tooth structure in the radiographic image. Knowledge on the radiopacity of different materials helps professionals to select the most suitable material, along with other properties such as biocompatibility, adhesion and esthetic.

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