scholarly journals Nye metoder for prøvepumpning af boringer og grundvandsreservoirer

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 1-91
Author(s):  
Lars Jørgen Andersen ◽  
Zvonimir Harnan
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Pumping Tests ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Increasing Demand

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the practical application of selected quantitative and analytical methods for testing wells and evaluation of aquifers to engineers and geologists within the field of groundwater hydrology in the Nordic countries. This abstract, a list of symbols and units and text of figures and tables in English may possibly provide understanding of the used formulas and methods for readers not familiar with Danish.The increasing demand for ground water and the need for optimal utilization of aquifers accelerate the use of quantitative methods for predictions of available quantities of ground water and aquifer response on withdrawal.The first part of this paper gives a short introduction into the developed theory for analysing drawdown data from pumping tests and a number of selected formulas in their developed form for determining the hydraulic properties of wells (B, C and n), aquifers, (T and S) and confining bed (P'). Selected hydrogeological terms are defined. The procedure of pumping and the frequency of waterlevel observations in space and time is briefly mentioned both for step-drawdown test and pumping test with constant capacity.Formulas for adjustments of drawdown- and recovery data for barometric efficiency and decrease of saturated thickness are described. Examples of logarithmic and semilogarithmic plots of data are given together with type curves for leaky artesian and watertable conditions.Principles and formulas for prediction of the future drawdown in pumped wells and aquifers are outlined.The second part of the paper gives the practical application of the selected analytical methods and formulas. Illustrative examples with actual field data collected by the Hydrogeological Department, Geological Survey of Denmark, are presented for each method discussed. Basic data as well drawdown as recovery from 4 pumping tests and their numerical and graphical analysis a represented in 27 figures and 16 tables.

scholarly journals Technical note: Analytical drawdown solution for steady-state pumping tests in two-dimensional isotropic heterogeneous aquifers

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1655-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alraune Zech ◽  
Sabine Attinger
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Correlation Length ◽  
Heterogeneous Media ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Aquifer Heterogeneity ◽  
Pumping Tests ◽  
Flow Solution ◽  
Ensemble Mean

Abstract. A new method is presented which allows interpreting steady-state pumping tests in heterogeneous isotropic transmissivity fields. In contrast to mean uniform flow, pumping test drawdowns in heterogeneous media cannot be described by a single effective or equivalent value of hydraulic transmissivity. An effective description of transmissivity is required, being a function of the radial distance to the well and including the parameters of log-transmissivity: mean, variance, and correlation length. Such a model is provided by the upscaling procedure radial coarse graining, which describes the transition of near-well to far-field transmissivity effectively. Based on this approach, an analytical solution for a steady-state pumping test drawdown is deduced. The so-called effective well flow solution is derived for two cases: the ensemble mean of pumping tests and the drawdown within an individual heterogeneous transmissivity field. The analytical form of the solution allows inversely estimating the parameters of aquifer heterogeneity. For comparison with the effective well flow solution, virtual pumping tests are performed and analysed for both cases, the ensemble mean drawdown and pumping tests at individual transmissivity fields. Interpretation of ensemble mean drawdowns showed proof of the upscaling method. The effective well flow solution reproduces the drawdown for two-dimensional pumping tests in heterogeneous media in contrast to Thiem's solution for homogeneous media. Multiple pumping tests conducted at different locations within an individual transmissivity field are analysed, making use of the effective well flow solution to show that all statistical parameters of aquifer heterogeneity can be inferred under field conditions. Thus, the presented method is a promising tool with which to estimate parameters of aquifer heterogeneity, in particular variance and horizontal correlation length of log-transmissivity fields from steady-state pumping test measurements.

scholarly journals Kajian Potensi Air Tanah Berdasarkan Data Geolistrik Resistiviti Untuk Antisipasi Kekeringan Di Wilayah Pesisir Kangkung, Kabupaten Kendal, Privinsi Jawa Tengah

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugeng Widada ◽  
Alfi Satriadi ◽  
Baskoro Rochaddi
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Sea Water Intrusion ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Water Intrusion

Coastal Region of Kangkung, Kendal Regency, Central Java Province is one of the areas that experiencing water in the dry season. Groundwater exploitation is one way solution to meet the water needs for people in the area, especially in the dry season. Therefore it is necessary to study potency of ground water in coastal area of Kangkung. The research was  conducted to determine the potential of ground water in the confined aquifer in the Coastal Region of Kangkung, Kendal District which is expected to be utilized as a source of water to meet the needs of local communities. The method used in this research is  descriptive analysis to describe the condition of aquifer, however some things are delivered quantitatively. The aquifer condition was obtained from the interpretation of geoelectricity (resistivity) data supported by geological and hydrogeological observation data and pumping test data as secondary data. Groundwater quality analysis and simple hydrochemical analysis is with Chlorida - Bicarbonat Ratio (CBR) method to know the possibility of sea water intrusion. The results showed that the aquifer in the coastal area of Kangkung has the potential of 29.13 lt / sec ground water discharge which can be utilized to meet the needs of clean water 18,800 people. Although it is adjacent to the sea, the groundwater in the study area does not undergo sea water intrusion. Groundwater quality in this location is qualified as raw drinking water according to SK Menkes No, 492/Menkes/Per/IV2010 tentang Persyaratan Kualitas Air Minum. Keywords: ground water, geoelectric, intrusion  Wilayah Pesisir Kangkung, Kabupaten Kendal Provinsi Jawa Tengah merupakan salah satu daerah yang pada musim kemarau mengalami kekeringan. Pemanfaatan air tanah merupakan salah satu cara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air bagi masyarakat di daerah tersebut, terutama pada musim kemarau. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan kajian potensi air tanah di daerah Pesisir Kangkung tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi air tanah pada akuifer dalam (tertekan) di Wilayah Pesisir Kangkung, Kabupaten Kendal yang diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber air bersih untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat setempat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah diskriptis analisis untuk menggambarkan kondisi akuifer, namun demikian beberapa hal disampaikan secara kuantitatif. Kondisi akuifer diperoleh dari hasil interpretasi data geolistrik resistiviti dengan didukung data hasil pengamatan geologi dan hidrogeologi serta data sekunder berupa hasil pumping test. Analisa kualitas air tanah dan analisis hidrokimia secara sederhana dengan metode Chlorida – Bicarbonat Ratio (CBR) dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemungkinan terjadinya intrui air laut. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa akuifer di daerah Pesisir Kangkung mempunyai potensi debit air tanah 29,13 lt/det yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih 18.800 orang. Meskipun berbatasan dengan laut, namun air tanah di daerah kajian tidak mengalami  terintrusi air laut. Kualitas air tanah di lokasi ini memenuhi syarat sebagai bahan baku air minum sesuai SK Menkes No, 492/Menkes/Per/IV2010 tentang Persyaratan Kualitas Air Minum. Kata Kunci : air tanah, geolistrik, intrusi

scholarly journals Colonialism on Spatial Transformation: A Socio-Spatial Analysis of the Outdoor Transitional Spaces of Sri Lankan House

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Deepthie Perera
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Colonial Time ◽  
Transitional Spaces ◽  
Increasing Demand

Sri Lanka, under the British from the early 19th century to 1948, saw a rapid growth in urban areas and the emergence of metropolitan bourgeoisie. Increasing demand for housing was met through housing schemes and private houses on smaller plots. Previous colonials, the Portuguese and the Dutch, adapted and continued the traditional house forms where outdoor transitional spaces such as verandas and courtyards remained as an integral part responding to climate and socio-cultural needs. However, the British period saw the advent of two noteworthy types of housing—a smaller re-adapted traditional house and an imported version of an all-enclosed house. This study evaluates the shift in socio-spatial role of the outdoor transitional spaces of single-unit houses from pre-colonial time up to independence using graphical analysis of the plan form combined with interviews on use of space.

Regulation of risk

1981 ◽  
Vol 376 (1764) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Quantitative Expression ◽  
The Past ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Growth Industry

Health and safety regulations have always been concerned with risk, though not always overtly. The quantitative expression of risk does not appear in regulations and rarely in guidance materials but is inherent in the policy underlying the development of regulations and in their practical application. The ways in which actual and perceived expressions of risk are used in regulatory actions differ widely. Some dangers are treated as unaccept­able and the regulatory policy is to exclude them totally. In the real world, such policies are never completely successful. The head-on collision of trains in main-line working is one example. The deliberate use of known carcinogens as pesticides is another. Other dangers are recognized as inevitable but as being reducible in degree. The regulatory activity is then aimed at limiting the extent to which a citizen can expose other citizens to this danger and, more recently, the extent to which he is permitted to put himself at risk. The balance of risks and benefits and of one risk with another underlie decisions in these cases. Not only consequences but probabilities become relevant. In the past, all, and even now most, of the regulation of risk has been on a non-quantitative basis. Increasingly, there is a desire to make the process more quantitative and to introduce the idea of acceptability. This change is provided for by many of the features of the Health and Safety at Work Act of 1974. Within the framework of that Act, the Health and Safety Commission and its operating arm, the Health and Safety Executive, are developing the more systematic use of quantitative methods of controlling hazards from work activities. The regulation of risk is a growth industry and it behoves us all to clarify our objectives. An aim of zero risk would not be to the benefit of society, but its replacement by more suitable aims is a long and com­plicated process.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Methods for Improved Understanding of a Pumping Test in Heterogeneous Aquifers

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Fan ◽  
Litang Hu ◽  
Hongliang Wang ◽  
Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Pumping Tests ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Pumping Wells

Pumping tests are very important means for investigating aquifer properties; however, interpreting the data using common analytical solutions become invalid in complex aquifer systems. The paper aims to explore the potential of machine learning methods in retrieving the pumping tests information in a field site in the Democratic Republic of Congo. A newly planned mining site with a pumping test of three pumping wells and 28 observation wells over one month was chosen to analyze the significance of machine learning methods in the pumping test analysis. Widely used machine learning methods, including correlation, cluster, time-series analysis, artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVR), random forest (RF) method, and linear regression, are all used in this study. Correlation and cluster analyses among wells provide visual pictures of possible hydraulic connections. The pathway with the best permeability ranges from the depth of 250 m to 350 m. Time-series analysis perfectly captured changes of drawdowns within the three pumping wells. The RF method is found to have the higher accuracy and the lower sensitivity to model parameters than ANN and SVR methods. The coupling of the linear regressive model and analytical solutions is applied to estimate hydraulic conductivities. The results found that ML methods can significantly and effectively improve our understanding of pumping tests by revealing inherent information hidden in those tests.

scholarly journals STATUS KEBERLANJUTAN INTRODUKSI TEKNOLOGI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN DI KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Tikkyrino Kurniawan ◽  
Mei Dwi Erlina
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
West Java ◽  
Fisheries Science ◽  
Processing Activity ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Banyak teknologi yang telah diintroduksikan oleh KIMBis Indramayu dari tahun 2011 hingga 2014. Tapi tidak semua teknologi tersebut diadaptasikan oleh stakeholder. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat seberapa banyak teknologi yang telah diaplikasikan oleh stakeholder dan apa saja kendala-kendalanya. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Januari – Desember 2015. Lokasi PEK SIS TAL Indramayu di Kabupaten Indramayu, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan FGD, observasi, pengamtatan di lapangan dan wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur, studi literatur dan dokumentasi yang terkait. Metode analisa PEK SIS TAL selain menggunakan analisis deskriptif, juga menggunakan analisis kuantitatif. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah Hasil FGD menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan dapat dikatakan bahwa, teknologi yang diintroduksikan sudah sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat dan sederhana sehingga seharusnya sudah diterapkan oleh stakeholder dimasyarakat. Teknologi yang paling banyak diadopsi adalah pada sektor budidaya (37%), tambak garam (25%) dan nelayan (25%). Teknologi yang berhasil diintroduksikan adalah teknologi budidaya terutama pada budidaya air payau. Implikasi kebijakan yang dapat disarankan adalah harus dibuat persyarakat standar SDM yang dapat menerima teknologi atau melakukan pengkategorian penerima teknologi (adopter), sehingga penerapan teknologi dapat diterapkan secara maksimal. Selain standar kemampuan, pemilihan penerima teknologi juga harus melihat kemauan dan pengalaman usaha. Hal ini harus diseleksi dengan baik agar teknologi dapat diadopsi dan diterapkan oleh masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraanya serta yang telah mendapatan introduksi teknologi dapat menjadi Trainer of Trainer (TOT) sehingga teknologi yang telah diintroduksikan dapat disebar luaskan oleh mereka. Title: The Effectiveness on Introductions on Marine And Fisheries Technology on Indramayu’s Fisheries Science and Business Clinical (KIMBis) LocationMarine technology and fisheries have been introduced by KIMBis Indramayu from 2011 to 2014. While not all of these technologies adopted by the Community users. The aims of this study are (1) to analyze the sustainability of marine and fisheries technology that were introduced in Indramayu District and (2) to analyze the effectiveness of marine and fisheries technology in Indramayu District. This study was conducted from January to Desember 2015 in Indramayu District, West Java Province. The data were collected by FGD, field observations and interviews using a structured questionnaire, literature, and related documentations. The analytical methods are using both descriptive and quantitative methods. The fisheries business activities have utilized and implemented technology such as aquaculture (37%), salt farming (25%), and capture fisheries (25%), while the least using technology are fisheries product processing activity (13%). Most of them have already adopted by the community, even more there are technologies that have undergone diffusion the marine and fisheries technology in Indramayu are effective. 

Effects of monitoring and pumping well pipe capacities during pumping tests in confined aquifers

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P Chapuis ◽  
Djaouida Chenaf
Keyword(s):  
Water Storage ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Unconfined Aquifer ◽  
Confined Aquifer ◽  
Pumping Tests ◽  
Constant Flow Rate ◽  
Pumping Wells ◽  
Confined Aquifers ◽  
Large Tank ◽  
Definition Of

This paper establishes how the water stored in the pipes of monitoring and pumping wells influences the drawdown curves of pumping tests in confined aquifers. Experimental and numerical results obtained with a physical model are first studied and then confirmed by field-test data. A large tank was used for fully controlled pumping tests. It contains a lower confined aquifer, an aquitard, and an upper unconfined aquifer. Pumping tests at a constant flow rate in the confined aquifer provided drawdowns that were analyzed for unsteady-state, steady-state, and recovery conditions. For a single monitoring well, the different interpretation methods provided similar values of transmissivity, T, and storativity, S. Drawdown curves gave much too high S values. These S values were equal to those resulting from water storage in the pipes of monitoring and pumping wells, according to the physical definition of storativity. The experimental T and S values were confirmed by two numerical analyses (finite elements) of the pumping test, one considering no water was stored in the pipes and the other considering stored water. Data of real pumping tests in confined aquifers confirmed that the S value calculated from drawdown curves can be influenced by water storage in monitoring and pumping wells for usual pipe diameters.Key words: pumping test, transmissivity, storativity, sandbox, in situ test, pipe capacity.

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