scholarly journals Smart materials and Green Synthesis: The perfect match for the future

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Bianca Pizzorno Backx
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Perfect Match ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Future ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Highly Evolved

Materials science seeks the development of new materials with optimized characteristics. The union of various areas as chemistry, physics, nanotechnology, biology, and medicine catalyzes news materials. Smart materials react to external stimuli by modifying their chemical, mechanical, magnetic, optical, electrical, thermal properties. They have superior efficiency to the materials currently available and promise many advantages to their consumers. However, smart materials must be associated with sustainable technological progress. As a result of highly evolved technologies and intense laboratory research, their final characteristics must be connected with sustainable protocols. In addition to a significant difference associated with a wide application in various areas as textile industry, construction, medicine, drugs delivery, microorganisms’ detection, smart materials must not pollute from production to disposal, and more than that, they must seek compensation for the harmful effects of this evolution on nature. In this way, smart materials will be an excellent advantage for the future and the environment.

scholarly journals Self-Healing in Titanium Alloys: A Materials Science Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Sunday Nnamchi ◽  
Camillus Sunday Obayi
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Spontaneous Repair

Self-healing materials (SHM’s) is an emerging class of smart materials, which are capable of autonomous or spontaneous repair of their damage under external stimuli, such as heat, light, and solvent, to the original or near original functionalities much like the biological organisms. The emergence of self-healing in metallic materials presents an exciting paradigm for an ideal combination of metallic and biological properties. The driving force behind this effort is to decrease the consequences of accidents, reduction of cost and extending the service life of metallic components. While previous reviews have focused on self-healing in polymers, composite, concrete and cementous materials, and ceramic, discussions about self-healing in metallic materials remains scarce and the survey of literatures suggests Ti-based self-healing materials known to be biocompatible in human body is rare. The present chapter examines the art of self-healing in titanium-based alloys with the scope to provide an overview of recent advancements and to highlight current problems and perspectives with respect to potential application.

Applications of Nanotechnology for Textile Products: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Nemailal Tarafder
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Cotton Industry ◽  
Future Success ◽  
The Future ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Textile Products

The fundamentals of nanotechnology lie in the fact that the properties of materials drastically change when their dimensions are reduced to nanometer scale. Nanotextiles can be produced by a variety of methods. The use of nanotechnology in the textile industry has increased rapidly due to its unique and valuable properties. Changed or improved properties with nanotechnology can provide new or enhanced functionalities. Nanotechnology is a growing interdisciplinary technology and seen as a new industrial revolution. The future success of nanotechnology in textile applications lies in the areas where new principles will be combined into durable and multi-functional textile systems without compromising the inherent properties. The advances in nanotechnology have created enormous opportunities and challenges for the textile industry, including the cotton industry.

A glance on rare earth oxides: importance, reserves, demand, applications, critical uncertainties, global economy, and zeta potential characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silas Santos ◽  
Orlando Rodrigues ◽  
Letícia Campos
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Rare Earth Oxides ◽  
Interparticle Forces

Background: Innovation mission in materials science requires new approaches to form functional materials, wherein the concept of its formation begins in nano/micro scale. Rare earth oxides with general form (RE2O3; RE from La to Lu, including Sc and Y) exhibit particular proprieties, being used in a vast field of applications with high technological content since agriculture to astronomy. Despite of their applicability, there is a lack of studies on surface chemistry of rare earth oxides. Zeta potential determination provides key parameters to form smart materials by controlling interparticle forces, as well as their evolution during processing. This paper reports a study on zeta potential with emphasis for rare earth oxide nanoparticles. A brief overview on rare earths, as well as zeta potential, including sample preparation, measurement parameters, and the most common mistakes during this evaluation are reported. Methods: A brief overview on rare earths, including zeta potential, and interparticle forces are presented. A practical study on zeta potential of rare earth oxides - RE2O3 (RE as Y, Dy, Tm, Eu, and Ce) in aqueous media is reported. Moreover, sample preparation, measurement parameters, and common mistakes during this evaluation are discussed. Results: Potential zeta values depend on particle characteristics such as size, shape, density, and surface area. Besides, preparation of samples which involves electrolyte concentration and time for homogenization of suspensions are extremely valuable to get suitable results. Conclusion: Zeta potential evaluation provides key parameters to produce smart materials seeing that interparticle forces can be controlled. Even though zeta potential characterization is mature, investigations on rare earth oxides are very scarce. Therefore, this innovative paper is a valuable contribution on this field.

Studying changes in the electrical resistance of carbon-nanotubes-modified elastomers during their compression, stretching and torsion

2019 ◽  
pp. 128-138
Author(s):  
V. S. Yagubov ◽  
A. V. Shchegolkov ◽  
A. V. Shchegolkov ◽  
N. R. Memetov
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Elastomer Composites

Developing "smart" materials with improved both structural and functional characteristics is one of the promising areas of materials science. Measuring the electrical resistance of CNTs-modified (various mass contents) polymers and in particular, elastomers during performing several tests (compression, stretching, and torsion) at a constant current is relevant in electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, aviation, and space industry. Changes in the elastomer shape under different types of testing lead to the destruction of macromolecules and the structuring of the material as a whole. Therefore, it is important to study the effect of CNTsbased modifying fillers on the elastomer. When compressing, stretching or twisting the nano-modified elastomer, along with the mutual movement of its macromolecular fragments and aggregates, the modifier particles also move, which generally determines the transport of electrons in the resulting structure and affects the physical and mechanical parameters of the composite material. To conduct studies, elastomers containing different amounts of a CNTs-based modifying filler were prepared. To investigate and elucidate relevant dependencies, a measuring system (MS) was constructed, which makes it possible to determine electrical resistance values of the composite material with different CNTs contents in the polymer matrix composition exposed to various mechanical loads. Basing the research results, it was established that the electrical resistance of the elastomer composites modified with 1.0–2.5 wt.% CNTs decreases when compressing from 0 to 100 N, whereas when the compression force ranges from 100 to 350 N, the electrical resistance remains unchanged. When the elastomer composites modified with 2–2.5 wt.% CNTs were stretched by 30–40 %, the electrical resistance was found to increase from 5·103 to 1.9·107 Ω.

scholarly journals Management alternatives for Carmenta theobromae (Busck, 1910) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) and Simplicivalva ampliophilobia (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), limiting pests of guava in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Camilo Pulido-Blanco ◽  
Elberth Hernando Pinzón-Sandoval ◽  
Carlos Felipe González-Chavarro ◽  
Pablo Antonio Serrano-Cely
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Management Alternatives ◽  
Harmful Effects

AbstractThe larval stages of Carmenta theobromae Busck (1910) and Simplicivalva ampliophilobia Davis, Gentili-Poole and Mitter (2008) attack the subcortical zone and pith in guava trees, respectively, in the first productive nucleus of fruit trees in Colombia: Hoya del Río Suárez (HRS). The presence of pest insects has been reported in 98% of the farms sampled in HRS (n = 124), with up to 96 and 11 simultaneous larvae per tree, respectively. Although the aspects of the basic biology and life cycle of both pests have been resolved, there are no strategies for managing populations in the field. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate different management alternatives under laboratory and field conditions in HRS. In laboratory conditions, a completely randomized design was used in two separate experiments, each with six treatments: T1: Spinosad (a mixture of Spinosad A and D); T2: S-1,2-di(ethoxycarbonyl) ethyl 0,0-dimethylphosphorodithioate (chemical control); T3: Lecanicillium lecanii; T4: Beauveria bassiana; T5: Mix of B. bassiana and B. brongniartii, and T6: distilled water (control). The number of dead larvae per replicate per treatment was evaluated (DL), with experimental units of five and three larvae, respectively. In the field, to the two best alternatives found for each pest in the laboratory, pruning and keeping the area around the plants free of weeds were added as cultural management, in two separate additional experiments, each with three larvae as experimental unit per treatment. For C. theobromae, the best laboratory alternatives were chemical control (DL: 3.78) and L. lecanii (DL: 2.33), followed without statistical differences by B. bassiana (DL: 1.67). In the field, the virulence of B. bassiana improved (DL: 3), and together with pruning and keeping the area around the plants clear of weeds (DL: 3), they stood out as the best alternatives. For S. ampliophilobia under laboratory conditions, the best alternatives were Spinosad (2.74) and chemical control (DL: 2.66), without significant difference. In the field, there were no statistical differences between the alternatives, except for the control. This statistical parity of cultural practices, and biological and chemical management is an argument in favor of the use of the former to the detriment of the third, especially when the harmful effects of the molecule S-1,2 di (ethoxycarbonyl) ethyl 0, 0-dimethyl phosphorodithioate have been proven in air, water and agricultural soils, in addition to its association with thyroid cancer in humans. This is a strong argument to favor the use of synergies of cultural and biological management methods framed in IPM, as opposed to the use of chemical agents whose harmful effects are strongly documented, and whose use is becoming increasingly prohibited.

scholarly journals Web 2.0 vs. the Semantic Web: A Philosophical Assessment

Episteme ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Floridi
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clear Explanation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Future ◽  
Information And Communication

ABSTRACTThe paper develops some of the conclusions, reached in Floridi (2007), concerning the future developments of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and their impact on our lives. The two main theses supported in that article were that, as the information society develops, the threshold between online and offline is becoming increasingly blurred, and that once there won't be any significant difference, we shall gradually re-conceptualise ourselves not as cyborgs but rather as inforgs, i.e. socially connected, informational organisms. In this paper, I look at the development of the so-called Semantic Web and Web 2.0 from this perspective and try to forecast their future. Regarding the Semantic Web, I argue that it is a clear and well-defined project, which, despite some authoritative views to the contrary, is not a promising reality and will probably fail in the same way AI has failed in the past. Regarding Web 2.0, I argue that, although it is a rather ill-defined project, which lacks a clear explanation of its nature and scope, it does have the potentiality of becoming a success (and indeed it is already, as part of the new phenomenon of Cloud Computing) because it leverages the only semantic engines available so far in nature, us. I conclude by suggesting what other changes might be expected in the future of our digital environment.

scholarly journals Islamophobia The New Dimensions In 21st Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Rani Erum
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Present State ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Human Psychology ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
The Common ◽  
Harmful Effects

Anti-Muslim emotions are not new for the world. It was present since the rise of Islam. West was furious after facing Muslims in battle ground and constantly defeated by those who were less equipped but obtained high morals. Initially they were frightened due to the novelty and unique approach of faith and its execution, therefore, they try to fabricate the original manuscripts, making false stories and molesting the last prophet’s life history. Islamophobia transformed after 9/11 and become more intensified and dangerous. It effected the common men worldwide without any boundaries. The respective research is based on the fact that hatred is the negative notion whether it related with nobility or wicked perception. It creates harmful effects on human psychology which subsequently created abusive mindset and actions. When any form of ideology identified as phobia means uncontrolled envy combine with the concept and turn it into a form of frenzied connotation. The fight between East and West was ancient which now convert among religions particularly Islam and others. The research is intend to provide the journey of anti-Islamism from past to present as well its significant elements and its present state. It also discusses the future prospects of clash of religions.  

scholarly journals Attitude and readiness of Dentistry students in Kerman University of Medical Sciences concerning Tele-dentistry in 2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-92
Author(s):  
Kambiz Bahaadinbeigi ◽  
Fatemeh Tabatabaei ◽  
Maryam Eslami Jahromi
Keyword(s):  
Dental Care ◽  
English Language ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Future ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Diagnostic Research

Introduction: Tele-dentistry is the use of information and telecommunications technology for dental care, counseling, education and public awareness in the same way as remote medical. Tele-dentistry is a relatively new field that can change the dental care system. However, many dentists are unaware of the goals, benefits, and how to participate. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the knowledge and attitude of dental students regarding telemedicine. Methods:The present study is descriptive-analytic. The study population consisted of all dental students in Kerman in year 2017 and sample of 230 students selected by proportional sampling. For data collection, a complete English translation of an English-language article in the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, whose validity was confirmed by three of the leading medical informatics specialists in English, was then used to analyze the data using the software SPSS 19. Results: The findings of this study showed that there is no significant difference between the students' age, sex and term of education with their knowledge of tele-dentistry (P>0.05). Knowledge and attitude of 72% of students in tele-dentistry is very low. 40% of them said tele-dentistry would be very beneficial and more than half of them would be willing to do tele-dentistry in the future. 81% of them agreed that tele-dentistry could be a good tool for health education and oral health, and effective in educating the health of a large number of people. 75% of them felt that distance dental care saves time, and 81% of students believed that tele-dentistry was not financially feasible. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that many respondents lacked adequate knowledge and knowledge about tele-dentistry. Hence, there is a huge need for awareness among dentists to further the future of dentistry in the future. Therefore, it is suggested that the related institutions take more serious measures for awareness and education about tele-dentistry for students.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document