scholarly journals Results of Hygiene Education of Kitchen Cutting Board by using ATP Inspection - Comparison of Vegetable Cutting Board and Meat Cutting Board

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Naomi Katayama ◽  
Mayumi Hirabayashi ◽  
Akemi Ito ◽  
Shoko Kondo ◽  
Yui Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Secondary Pollution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hygiene Education ◽  
Cutting Boards ◽  
Bacterial Food

Since bacteria grow in high temperature and high humidity, bacterial food poisoning frequently occurs from the rainy season to summer. In Japan, the number of food poisoning cases is high from June to October. Maintaining a hygienic environment in the kitchen is very important for preventing food poisoning. In particular, cutting boards on which various foods are places may cause secondary pollution. Therefore, to avoid food poisoning, this study compared the ATP value of the cutting board before and after the hygiene education using the ATP wiping test and investigated the educational effect. Before hygiene education, the inspector conducted an ATP wiping test on the cutting boards for vegetables and meat that washed before and after cooking and notified the cooks of the values. The inspector conducted hygiene education while showing the cook how to clean the cutting board. The cutting board washed with detergent and sponge, rinsed with running water for 30 seconds or more, then this process was repeated twice.

scholarly journals Results of Hygiene Education of Kitchen Stove Knob and Water Faucet by using ATP Inspection

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Naomi Katayama ◽  
Shoko Kondo ◽  
Akemi Ito ◽  
Mayumi Hirabayashi ◽  
Yui Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
School Meals ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hygiene Education ◽  
Secondary Contamination ◽  
Poisoning Prevention

In Japan, many food poisoning cases occur every year form the rainy season to summer. After all, restaurants account for about 50% of all food poisoning cases. Still they also occur at school meals (6.4%) and hospitals (0.6%), where hygiene management should strictly controlled in the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare announced (2019). Therefore, from the viewpoint of food poisoning prevention, this study focused on the stove knob and water faucet, which are often touched by the cook’s fingers in the kitchen and may cause secondary contamination. The effect of hygiene education investigated by measuring invisible microbial load as visible ATP value using ATP wiping test. The 12 stove knob and 11 water faucet inspected before and after hygiene education by using the ATP wiping test. Before hygiene education, the average value of the ATP values measured after washing before and after washing. To the surprise, after washing, the ATP value did not drop below 1000 for Stove knob and Water faucet. Almost the same ATP value as before cleaning.

Results of Hygiene Education of Kitchen Knife by using ATP Inspection - Comparison of Handle and Blade

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Naomi Katayama ◽  
Akemi Ito ◽  
Mayumi Hirabayashi ◽  
Shoko Kondo ◽  
Yui Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Microbiological Test ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Knife Blade ◽  
Hygiene Education ◽  
Bacterial Food

In Japan, the number of food poisoning cases and the number of patients have been gradually decreasing in the last ten years. However, from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, the number of bacterial food poisoning cases has been approximately 41% of the total number in the past five years, which is still high. Therefore, in this study, to prevent food poisoning, we conducted hygiene education using the ATP test and confirmed the educational effect by comparing before and after education. ATP luminescence kit (Lumitester PD-10, LuciPac Pen) manufactured by Kikkoman Corporation used for the microbiological test. Before the hygiene education, the ATP of the knife handle, and the ATP of the knife blade measured before and after cooking. Twelve knives for vegetables and 12 knives for meat targeted. Before the hygiene education, the handle and the blade of the meat knife measured of ATP, that before cooking and washed after cooking. Further, the handle and blade of the kitchen knife for vegetables were also measured for ATP in the same manner as the knife for meat.

scholarly journals Comparison of ATP values on Vegetables Cutting Boards before and after Alcohol Disinfection

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Naomi Katayama ◽  
Akemi Ito ◽  
Mayumi Hirabayashi ◽  
Natuki Sasaki ◽  
Moe Inuzuka
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Microbiological Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cutting Boards ◽  
Better Than

Sanitary control of cutting boards in the kitchen is important to prevent food poisoning. To preventing secondary and tertiary contamination of food poisoning bacteria, it is necessary to know the hygiene status of cooking utensils. Therefore, in this study, we compared the values after cooking, washing, and spraying 70% alcohol on cutting boards for vegetables using the ATP test and microbiological test. As a result, the ATP value after spraying with alcohol was 100 or less, which was better than that after washing. Microbial test results showed that microorganisms were present on the vegetable cutting board even after spraying with 70% alcohol. Since microorganisms are present even after spraying with alcohol, it is possible that the growth of microorganisms will occur again if the vegetable cutting board left in a moist state at room temperature. When using a vegetable cutting board left unattended, it is necessary to wash repeatedly and spray it with alcohol.

scholarly journals Comparison of ATP values on Meat and Fish Cutting Boards before and after Alcohol Disinfection

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Akemi Ito ◽  
Naomi Katayam ◽  
Mayumi Hirabayashi ◽  
Natuki Sasaki ◽  
Moe Inuzuka
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cutting Boards

Sanitary control of cutting boards in the kitchen is important to prevent food poisoning. Using ATP and microbiological tests, we investigated the cleaning and 70% alcohol spraying effects of cutting boards for meat and fish. As a result, the ATP value and the number of microbial bacteria decreased after washing the cutting board but decreased more after spraying with 70% alcohol. The ATP value was 100 or less after spraying with 70% alcohol. The number of microbial bacteria decreased after spraying with 70% alcohol. However, not all bacterial eliminated even after spraying with 70% alcohol. If the cutting board left in a moist state at room temperature, microorganisms could grow again.

scholarly journals Novel Multilayer SAW Temperature Sensor for Ultra-High Temperature Environments

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Xuhang Zhou ◽  
Qiulin Tan ◽  
Xiaorui Liang ◽  
Baimao Lin ◽  
Tao Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Passive Sensors ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Engine Systems

Performing high-temperature measurements on the rotating parts of aero-engine systems requires wireless passive sensors. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors can measure high temperatures wirelessly, making them ideal for extreme situations where wired sensors are not applicable. This study reports a new SAW temperature sensor based on a langasite (LGS) substrate that can perform measurements in environments with temperatures as high as 1300 °C. The Pt electrode and LGS substrate were protected by an AlN passivation layer deposited via a pulsed laser, thereby improving the crystallization quality of the Pt film, with the function and stability of the SAW device guaranteed at 1100 °C. The linear relationship between the resonant frequency and temperature is verified by various high-temperature radio-frequency (RF) tests. Changes in sample microstructure before and after high-temperature exposure are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The analysis confirms that the proposed AlN/Pt/Cr thin-film electrode has great application potential in high-temperature SAW sensors.

Characteristics of Phenomena in Powders Type RE2Zr2O7-Al2O3 in High Temperature Annealing Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 312-315 ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Moskal ◽  
Lucjan Swadźba ◽  
Marek Hetmańczyk ◽  
Bartosz Witala
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Perovskite Oxide ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Dsc Analysis ◽  
Annealing Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Dta Analysis ◽  
Type Bond

The paper presents test results and characterizes the structural stability of powders, which form a mixture of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and gadolinium, based on rare earth zirconates. This mixture is provided to create thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) by spraying. The purpose of the tests was to determine the influence of temperature on reactions, occurring between those powders within a temperature range from 25°C to 1500°C, while such conditions were to simulate the conditions, which occur during creation of TBCs and they give an answer to the question concerning mutual reactivity of the powders. The requirements for new materials, provided to spray the TBCs, indicate the necessity to prepare the materials, which do not show tendency towards reactions with the Al2O3, formed during oxidation of Ni (Co) CrAlY, while this reaction is of type bond coat. The tests included differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis and differential thermal analysis (DTA) of powder mixtures. Diffraction analysis was also performed before and after the tests have been finished. The DSC analysis results, obtained at a range of high temperature, did not show any thermal effects, which indicate a low level of mutual reactivity of the powders. However, the DTA analysis suggests presence of such effects at temperature close to 1300°C, and it indicates the necessity to verify exactly the obtained results. Results of the XRD measurement showed that after annealing process already at 1100°C the perovskite oxide of GdAlO3 was present.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Wave Velocity-Permeability Model for Granite Subjected to Different Temperature Processing

Geofluids ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghui Jiang ◽  
Jianping Zuo ◽  
Teng Ma ◽  
Xu Wei
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pore Fluid ◽  
Rock Matrix ◽  
Permeability Model ◽  
Wave Velocities ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Understanding the change of permeability of rocks before and after heating is of great significance for exploitation of hydrocarbon resources and disposal of nuclear waste. The rock permeability under high temperature cannot be measured with most of the existing methods. In this paper, quality, wave velocity, and permeability of granite specimen from Maluanshan tunnel are measured after high temperature processing. Quality and wave velocity of granite decrease and permeability of granite increases with increasing temperature. Using porosity as the medium, a new wave velocity-permeability model is established with modified wave velocity-porosity formula and Kozeny-Carman formula. Under some given wave velocities and corresponding permeabilities through experiment, the permeabilities at different temperatures and wave velocities can be obtained. By comparing the experimental and the theoretical results, the proposed formulas are verified. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is performed to examine the effect of particle size, wave velocities in rock matrix, and pore fluid on permeability: permeability increases with increasing particle size, wave velocities in rock matrix, and pore fluid; the higher the rock wave velocity, the lower the effect of wave velocities in rock matrix and pore fluid on permeability.

Deterioration of Local Mechanical Properties of HVOF-Sprayed Stellite 6 after Exposure to High-Temperature Corrosion

2015 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Česánek ◽  
Jan Schubert ◽  
Šárka Houdková ◽  
Olga Bláhová ◽  
Michaela Prantnerová
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Testing ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Coating Properties ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Stellite 6 ◽  
Coating Surface ◽  
Before And After

Coating properties determine its behavior in operation. The simulation of future operational conditions is therefore the best quality test. The evaluation during operation is usually not possible to perform, and the coatings are therefore frequently characterized by their physical or mechanical properties. This text deals with the high temperature corrosion of HVOF sprayed Stellite 6 coating and with changes of its local mechanical properties before and after the corrosion testing. High temperature corrosion is defined as a corrosion in the presence of molten salts. In this case, the mixture of salts in composition of 59% Na2(SO)4 with 34.5% KCl and 6.5% NaCl was used. Two exposure temperatures 525 °C and 575 °C were selected and the tests for both temperatures were performed in the time interval of 168h in the autoclave. The coating with salt mixture layer was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation. The high temperature resistance of Stellite 6 coating was evaluated according to the changes in the coating surface and by the occurrence of individual phases formed on the coating surface during the test. Generally, it can be said that the Stellite 6 alloys deposited by HVOF technology show selective oxidation under the salt film. This fact was also proved in this study. Furthermore, the nanoindentation measurements of Stellite 6 coating were performed before and after the corrosion testing. These measurements were used to evaluate the change of local mechanical coating properties.

Environmental Influence on the Tolerance of Corn to Atrazine

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lafayette Thompson ◽  
F. W. Slife ◽  
H. S. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Peptide Conjugates ◽  
Before And After

Corn(Zea maysL.) in the two to three-leaf stage grown 18 to 21 days in a growth chamber under cold, wet conditions was injured by postemergence application of 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) plus emulsifiable phytobland oil. Injury was most severe when these plants were kept under cold, wet conditions for 48 hr after the herbicidal spray was applied, followed by exposure to high light intensity and high temperature. Under these growth chamber conditions, approximately 50% of the atrazine-treated plants died. Since wet foliage before and after application increased foliar penetration and low temperature decreased the rate of detoxication to peptide conjugates, atrazine accumulated under cold, wet conditions. This accumulation of foliarly-absorbed atrazine and the “weakened” conditions of the plants grown under the stress conditions is believed to be responsible for the injury to corn. Hydroxylation and the dihydroxybenzoxazin-3-one content in the roots were reduced at low temperature, but it is unlikely that this contributed to the death of the corn.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document