scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL THERAPY OF PYOGENIC LIVER ABSCESSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Novak ◽  
V. O. Belinska
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antibacterial Therapy ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Abscesses ◽  
Microbiological Examination ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria

Abstract Purpose of the study. To study the features of the microbial landscape, to develop an algorithm for antibacterial therapy in patients with pyogenic liver abscesses. Prove the effectiveness of the developed algorithm in the treatment of such patients. Materials and methods. The results of treatment of 79 patients with pyogenic liver abscesses were analyzed. The mean age of patients was 48,4 ± 4,7 years, with men predominating (62,9%). The inclusion criterion was the presence of pyogenic liver abscesses, the exclusion criteria were cholangiogenic and specific abscesses. The main group consisted of 44 patients operated on minimally invasive technologies based on modern diagnostic methods. They received a comprehensive conservative therapy, which took into account antibacterial treatment according to the developed algorithm. The tactics of surgical treatment of 35 patients in the control group did not differ from the main one. The groups did not differ significantly in age, sex, comorbidity, severity of the disease and the results of microbiological examination. Results. The number of inoculations of microorganisms from the purulent center was dominated by monoinfection – 86,4–88,6% of cases, which was mostly aerobic. Most of them were facultative anaerobic bacteria of the genus Enterobacteriaceae, namely Kl. pneumoniae – 34,1–40,1%. Less than a quarter of patients (11,4–13,6%) isolated cultures are represented by microbial associations – aerobic-anaerobic and aerobicaerobic. However, aerobic-aerobic infection prevailed – 75,0–83,3%. MRSA strains of staphylococci were isolated in 5,7–6,8% of patients. Treatment began on the first day of hospitalization. Empirical treatment was immediately prescribed, followed by antibiotic replacement, if necessary, based on the results of microbiological examination and determination of the sensitivity of the isolated cultures. According to microbiological studies, in patients with AP most of the isolated microorganisms (71,4–90,9%) were sensitive to linezalide and taigecycline. These antibacterial drugs were reserve drugs and were prescribed in extremely severe cases in the absence of sensitivity to other drugs. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated by clinical data and improvement of laboratory parameters (normalization of body temperature and leukocyte formula). Conclusion. Carrying out adequate combined antibiotic therapy for patients with AP according to the developed algorithms, along with surgery, allowed to reduce the recovery time of patients: for 2–3 days normalization of body temperature (t = 5,66176; P < 0,000001) and leukocyte formula (t = 8, 56860; P < 0,000001) patients of the main group in comparison with control patients. In turn, this contributed to a probable reduction in the length of stay of the patient in the hospital for 3 days (t = 3,95561; P = 0,000116). Keywords: liver abscess, ultrasound semiotics, sonography intervention, classification of abscesses, antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals Clinical efficacy of a screening approach to the differentiated prescription of antibiotic therapy in children with acute tonsilopharyngitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-811
Author(s):  
O I Pikuza ◽  
A M Zakirova ◽  
T B Moroz
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Screening Approach ◽  
Group A

Aim. To assess the effectiveness of the screening approach by prescribing a streptotest to verify the etiological cause of tonsillopharyngitis in children. Methods. We observed 67 patients aged 7 to 11 with a history of recurrent respiratory infections. The incidence of acute respiratory infections varied from 8 to 12 times during the year preceding the examination. The main group consisted of 36 children who had tonsillopharyngitis with severe inflammation of the tonsils and plaque on the tonsils. The control group included 31 patients with acute tonsillopharyngitis with inflammatory changes in the tonsils and the absence of plaque. The observation and control groups were comparable and did not have statistically significant differences in gender and age. All patients underwent a common clinical, laboratory, and instrumental examination. Along with microbial culture, the special examinations included an express test (Dectra Pharm, France) for the presence of group A -hemolytic streptococcus. Results. All children underwent an etiological examination. The presence of a viral antigen was confirmed in 71.64% of children. 27.49% of patients in the control group and 30.72% of patients in the main group had positive results of the express test for group A -hemolytic streptococcus, taking into account the requirements for assessing this reaction. It was revealed a reliable direct relationship between the detected viral infection and the negative results of the streptatest test (r=0.86; p=0.03) for the control group, and a positive correlation of the confirmed presence of group A -hemolytic streptococcus in the main group as with both C-reactive protein (r=0.78; p=0.04) and with inflammatory markers in the general blood test. A combination of positive fluorescence of viral antigens based on the results of immunofluorescence and a positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for group A -hemolytic streptococcus was recorded in 7.46% of all patients. Clinical examples are given the justification of practical implementation of the express test for the quick diagnostic information. Conclusion. Differentiated etiological diagnosis of acute tonsillopharyngitis based on clinical symptoms and the levels of markers of bacterial inflammation is extremely difficult therefore laboratory criteria should be the justification for prescribing antibiotic therapy; currently, the most accessible is the streptatest for the detection of group A -hemolytic streptococcus, which allows confirming or denying the presence of group A -hemolytic streptococcus within a few minutes, which means that it is correct to prescribe antibacterial drugs to patients.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of decamethoxin in complex treatment of patients with group III viral-bacterial community-acquired pneumonia

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
O.L. Bororova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Group Iii

BACKGROUND. There are many unsolved medical problems and, of course, pneumonia is one of them. Communityacquired pneumonia (CAP) is a multifactorial disease, but the role of viruses as causative agents is constantly growing. Specific antiviral therapy for CAP is limited. Therefore, the search for drugs with virucidal activity remains relevant. An antimicrobial agent with a broad spectrum of action – decamethoxin – is successfully used today for treatment of patients with infectious exacerbations of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis. At the same time efficacy of decamethoxin in CAP patients was not studied. OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the inhaled antimicrobial drug decamethoxin in the complex treatment of patients with group III viral-bacterial CAP. MATERIALS AND METHODS. There was enrolled 62 patients with group III viral-bacterial CAP. All patients received the same sequential antibiotic therapy: protected aminopenicillin with macrolide or III generation cephalosporin with macrolide. Patients of the main group were prescribed inhalations through a nebulizer of the antiseptic drug decamethoxin in addition to antibacterial therapy from the first day of treatment for 5-7 days. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. No adverse events were detected in any of the patients during treatment. In all cases, recovery was diagnosed. At the same time, the term of achieving positive results in the main group was 12.2±0.7 days, and in the control – 17.2±0.7 (р <0,05). The average duration of antibiotic use was different in main and control groups: respectively 9.4±0.4 and 10.7±0.4 days (р <0,05). There were no infectious complications in the patients of the main group, while 24 (72 %) patients of the control group were diagnosed with acute rhinopharyngitis (47.0 % of cases), lateral pharyngitis (13 %) and sinusitis (9 %), other complications (otitis, infectious exudative pericarditis). In 22 (66 %) cases there was one complication and in 2 (6 %) cases there were two complications. CONCLUSIONS. For patients with group III viral-bacterial CAP additional inclusion in the empirical sequential antibiotic therapy of inhaled decamethoxin can significantly reduce the frequency of infectious complications, duration of antibiotic therapy, as well as the duration of positive treatment results.

scholarly journals Neurotic State Characteristics of Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-152
Author(s):  
A.N. Pevneva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Structural Hierarchy ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Individual Variables

The research topicality is determined by the state policy priorities in the field of preservation, strengthening and restoration of mental and psychological health as important indicators of the individual’s quality of life as well as the development of preventive measures aimed at protecting health of mothers and children, developing a support system for families with children with mental and physical needs, improving their living conditions and strengthening the institution of the family. The goal of the research is to identify the neurotic features of a mother whose child is suffering from cerebral palsy. From 2006 to 2009 in the study participated 132 respondents: 66 mothers raising children with cerebral palsy, and 66 mothers of neurotypical children. The restudy in 2015-2017 was conducted on a sample of 96 mothers, 48 respondents in each group. Research methods we used are theoretical analysis of literature, psych diagnostic methods, longitudinal method, correlation research as well as methods of mathematical statistics. In the process of analyzing the results for mothers raising children with cerebral palsy there has been revealed a painful nature of the detected neurotic state characteristics followed by positive dynamics but their values are low and vary within its margins. On the contrary, the indicators of neurotic state characteristics for mothers of neurotypical children vary within the norm along with the statistically significant manifestation of their anxieties and worries. Neurotic depression of MG66 respondents occupies a dominant position in the structural hierarchy of the scales of the questionnaire which eventually gives way to the manifestation of anxiety and hysterical type of response to life situations. The structure of neurotic state is characterized by a differentiation of the respondents from main group, while in control group it is more integrated. Over time the structure of neurotic state characteristics in the main group respondents retains relative stability, and in the control group respondents it is transformed, complicated and differs in hierarchy and greater differentiation: individual variables acquire the status of autonomous ones where the additional research is required. Statistically signifi-cant differences in the severity of neurotic state characteristics for the main group and control group respondents in the time perspective were found. The neurotic state characteristics of mothers whose children have cerebral palsy are characterized by different severity levels of indicators in all structural components with their positive dynamics in the time perspective, the predominance of neurotic depression and its changeability by anxiety and over-reaction to everyday life situations.

Influence of osteopathic correction on the terms of adhesion of fractures of the distal metaepiphysis of the radial bone

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
D. B. Miroshnichenko ◽  
A. A. Perepechin ◽  
K. W. Ananyin
Keyword(s):  
Healing Process ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Osteopathic Treatment ◽  
Colles Fracture ◽  
Plaster Bandage ◽  
Radial Bone

Introduction. In 26-43 % of fractures of the bones of upper extremities secondary displacement of fragments occurs in the plaster bandage. It is probable that osteopathic treatment of patients with bone injuries of upper extremities promotes more rapid recovery of impaired functions of the damaged structure preventing possible complications and disability and improving patients' quality of life. That is why it is viable to study the infl uence of osteopathic correction on the healing process of the Colles’ fracture with displacement of bone fragments.Goal of research - to evaluate the effect of osteopathic treatment on the process of adhesion of Colles’ fracture with the displacement of fragments.Materials and methods. 40 patients took part in the research. 20 of them formed the main group. The other 20 formed the control group. An osteopathic examination of patients was performed and somatic dysfunctions were found. The visual analogue scale of pain was used. In order to evaluate the terms of adhesion, an X-ray diagnostic method was used.Results. Osteopathic diagnostics showed that somatic dysfunctions of the left or right wrist were dominant in patients admitted to the trauma bay with Colles’ fracture. Patients of the main group showed a faster normalization of the microcirculation, which meant that negative consequences of edema were less likely to appear.Conclusion. The study of the effect of osteopathic treatment of fractures of distal metaepiphysis of radial bone should be continued. The focus should be on the development and use of new diagnostic methods, which can prove the positive effect of osteopathic treatment on the terms of adhesion of the radial bone.

scholarly journals Possibilities of antenatal pathology diagnostics in women after assisted reproductive technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Tat’yana A. Kamaeva
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Timely Diagnosis

PURPOSE: improving the efficiency of diagnosis of placental insufficiency using modern diagnostic methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis of individual cards, analysis of the gynecological history and somatic morbidity of 426 pregnant women who did not have somatic pathologies and underwent screenings in accordance with the current regulations were performed. The main group of them consisted of 290 women, who showed signs of chronic placental insufficiency at different stages of pregnancy. The control group consisted of 136 women who had no signs of placental insufficiency throughout their pregnancy. RESULTS: It was revealed that the main reasons for the development of chronic placental insufficiency of the main group are preeclampsia (68.4%), the threat of termination of pregnancy (34.7%), burdened obstetric and gynecological history (32.5%), isoserological incompatibility (25.6%), pyelonephritis during pregnancy (14.2%) and anemia of pregnant women (13.2%). It was revealed that visualization of the fetoplacental complex and measurement of peripheral resistance in the umbilical artery during the second trimester of pregnancy are not very informative. To reduce the negative impact of fetoplacental insufficiency and its timely diagnosis, it is necessary to use radiation methods for examining the motherplacentafetus system. CONCLUSIONS: For timely diagnosis of fetoplacental insufficiency and reduction of its negative impact, it is necessary to use radiation methods of studying the mother-placenta-fetus system.

scholarly journals Treatment of chronic urogenital infection in woman using the methods of extracorporeal blood correction

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 841-848
Author(s):  
L S Gevorkyan ◽  
V S Gorin ◽  
O G Bogun ◽  
E S Dzyubinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Urogenital Infection ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Conventional Drug

Aim. To study of the effectiveness of treatment of patients with chronic urogenital infection by antibiotic therapy and extracorporeal immunotherapy. Methods. Clinical, microbiological, immunological and statistical methods were used. The main group consisted of 70 women with chronic urogenital infection previously treated with conventional treatment. Women received the extracorporeal antibiotic therapy and immunotherapy using moxifloxacin and metronidazole in combination with local therapy - suppositories with chlorhexidine, metronidazole and miconazole. For antibiotic and extracorporeal immunotherapy selected leukocyte cell suspension was incubated with an antibiotic and was stimulated by leukinferon and then was returned to the patient. In a control group patients received conventional drug treatments, ornidazole administered in conjunction with local therapy. When mixed infection was diagnosed josamycin additionally was administered. The diagnosis was verified by means of the polymerase chain reaction, bacteriological and microscopic methods. Results. The main complaints of the patients were excreta from the genital tract, itching, burning. The results of treatment were evaluated at 2 weeks, 1 and 2 months. After 2 weeks, in the main group more rapid regression of clinical manifestations and the improvement of the general state were registered, in the control group the symptoms persisted in more than 50% of women. After one month there were no complaints in the main group, while in the control group, the symptoms persisted in 30% of patients. After 2 months, patients of the main group had no complaints, but 0.4% had leukocytosis in the smear and marked growth of Trichomonas. In the control group excreta was maintained in 6.7%, positive culture on Trichomonas registered in 3.3% of patients. Conclusion. Our research indicates the clinical efficacy of extracorporeal antibiotic therapy and immunotherapy in the treatment of chronic urogenital infections compared with traditional methods, it promotes more rapid bacterial eradication and relief of the inflammatory process.

Clinical efficacy of osteopathic correction in the complex treatment of patients with unoperated open-angle glaucoma

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
E. N. Simakova ◽  
O. V. Stenkova
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Hypotensive Drug

Introduction. Glaucoma is one of the most significant eye diseases. It is often diagnosed, not always amenable to therapy, and can lead to a complete loss of visual functions. In recent years, the method of osteopathic correction has become widespread as one of the effective methods of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with pathologies of various body systems. In the pathogenesis of glaucoma, it is customary to distinguish a dystrophic concept, which considers primary open-angle glaucoma as a result of dystrophic changes in the connective tissue, as well as in the endothelial lining of the trabeculae and Schlemm′s canal, especially destructive changes in mitochondria and the alteration of their functional activity. A vascular concept is also distinguished. According to this concept, the central link in the pathogenesis of glaucoma is circulatory disorder in the ciliary vessels, ocular artery, and major vessels of the head and neck, it can be assumed that osteopathic correction in the treatment of patients with open-angle glaucoma will be pathogenetically substantiated and will have a positive effect on intraocular pressure and trophicity of the optic nerve. The goal of research — to study the influence of in osteopathic correction on the nature of unoperated glaucoma (stage IIA) and to substantiate the possibility of using osteopathic correction in the complex treatment of patients with this pathology.Materials and methods. A prospective controlled randomized study was conducted at 52 city polyclinics, branch 3, Moscow, from January 2018 to January 2019. 40 patients (70 eyes) aged 50 to 75 years with primary open-angle glaucoma IIA stage were examined. At this stage of the disease, patients most often seek medical care and the issue of conservative management is primarily considered. All patients were divided into two groups of 20 people: the main group and the control group. The treatment in the main group included hypotensive drug therapy and osteopathic correction. Patients of the control group received only drug therapy. All patients underwent ophthalmic (visometry, tonometry, perimetry) and osteopathic examination twice: before the treatment and after 3 months.Results. For patients with primary open-angle IIA non-operated glaucoma, regional (most often regions of the head, neck, dura mater) and local (abdominal diaphragm, iliac bones, hip and knee joints) somatic dysfunctions were the most typical. In the main group a statistically significant decrease in the frequency and severity of dysfunctions at all levels was stated. Also, in patients receiving osteopathic correction, a significant decrease in the level of intraocular pressure and perimetric indices was noted. In patients of the control group, no reliable changes in these indicators were obtained.Conclusion. The results obtained indicate that osteopathic correction is clinically effective in the complex treatment of patients with primary open-angle II A glaucoma.

Experience of using time-lapse microscopy in IVF and ICSI programs

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
N. V. Saraeva ◽  
N. V. Spiridonova ◽  
M. T. Tugushev ◽  
O. V. Shurygina ◽  
A. I. Sinitsyna
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Single Embryo Transfer ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Lapse Microscopy

In order to increase the pregnancy rate in the assisted reproductive technology, the selection of one embryo with the highest implantation potential it is very important. Time-lapse microscopy (TLM) is a tool for selecting quality embryos for transfer. This study aimed to assess the benefits of single-embryo transfer of autologous oocytes performed on day 5 of embryo incubation in a TLM-equipped system in IVF and ICSI programs. Single-embryo transfer following incubation in a TLM-equipped incubator was performed in 282 patients, who formed the main group; the control group consisted of 461 patients undergoing single-embryo transfer following a traditional culture and embryo selection procedure. We assessed the quality of transferred embryos, the rates of clinical pregnancy and delivery. The groups did not differ in the ratio of IVF and ICSI cycles, average age, and infertility factor. The proportion of excellent quality embryos for transfer was 77.0% in the main group and 65.1% in the control group (p = 0.001). In the subgroup with receiving eight and less oocytes we noted the tendency of receiving more quality embryos in the main group (р = 0.052). In the subgroup of nine and more oocytes the quality of the transferred embryos did not differ between two groups. The clinical pregnancy rate was 60.2% in the main group and 52.9% in the control group (p = 0.057). The delivery rate was 45.0% in the main group and 39.9% in the control group (p > 0.050).

The effect of probiotics on the level of immunoglobulin A in women with violation of the biocenosis of the vagina

2017 ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
O.I. Ostapenko ◽  
◽  
V.P. Kvashenko ◽  
I.K. Akimova ◽  
I.N. Nosova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Test System ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Local Action ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Serum Iga

The objective: the study of immunomodulatory effects of a probiotic, which contains lyophilized Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) – 13 mg (2,0ґ109 CFU) and lyophilized bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium lactis) – 4 mg (2,0ґ109 CFU) the level of serum immunoglobulin IgA as a marker of local immunity in the plasma of women of reproductive age with the violation of the biocenosis of the vagina. Patients and methods. The study involved 86 patients of reproductive age with the violation of the vaginal biocenosis, which were divided into two groups according to received treatment. A survey was conducted for all patients in both groups: determine the level of serum IgA, measuring pH of vaginal environment and the quantification of lactobacilli and pathogenic flora with the help of test-system «Florotsenoz» before treatment and in 6 weeks after treatment. The state of vaginal microbiocenosis in both groups before treatment was homogeneous. Patients in both groups as therapy at the first stage of treatment received, if necessary antimicrobial therapy depending on the selected flora. In the second stage (restoration of microflora) patient of the main group received systemic probiotic combined with a complex prebiotic local action, patients in the control group, the probiotic localy in the form of the vaginal candles or tablets. Results. The research stated the increasing level of serum IgA in blood plasma of patients of the main group compared to control group at 20%, normalizing the pH of the vaginal environment in the main group in 94% of cases, which indicates an increase of immunity in mucosal. Conclusion. The inclusion of the systemic probiotic in the scheme of treatment of disorders of biocenosis of the vagina system enhances the increasing of immunity of the mucous membranes, and the vaginal tablets prebiotic of local action restores the own normal microflora of the vagina. Key words: serum immunoglobulin A, local immunity, vaginal dysbiosis, probiotics, prebiotics, vaginal microbiocenosis, the pH of the vaginal environment.

Thromboembolic complications prevention in the obstetric practice

2017 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
O.V. Grishchenko ◽  
◽  
V.V. Bobrytska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Thromboembolic Complications ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Obstetric Practice ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
And Control

The objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Enoxaparin-Pharmex for the prevention of thrombotic complications (pulmonary embolism) in the postoperative period in patients with moderate risk of these complications. Patients and methods. The study included 50 women after a caesarean section had an average degree of risk of pulmonary embolism. Patients were divided into the main group (n=25) and control group (n=25) in accordance with the treatment: patients of the main group received postoperative Еnoxaparin- Pharmex, group comparisons enoxaparin sodium (brand foreign manufacturer’s). Patients in both groups received the drug at a dose of 20 mg for 5 days, 1 time per day subcutaneously. Results. The research data analysis showed identity results of hemostasiogram of patients in the main group and the comparison group, no side effects after treatment in both groups. Conclusion. The clinical studies suggest the drug Enoxaparin-Pharmex is effective, safe LMWH, which can be used to prevent troboembolic complications, including post-operative treatment in obstetric practice. Spectrum of Enoxaparin-Pharmex can be extended to the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic conditions of varying severity with appropriate doses of the drug. Key words: Enoxaparin-Pharmex, prevention of pulmonary embolism.

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