scholarly journals Clinical efficacy of a screening approach to the differentiated prescription of antibiotic therapy in children with acute tonsilopharyngitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-811
Author(s):  
O I Pikuza ◽  
A M Zakirova ◽  
T B Moroz
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Screening Approach ◽  
Group A

Aim. To assess the effectiveness of the screening approach by prescribing a streptotest to verify the etiological cause of tonsillopharyngitis in children. Methods. We observed 67 patients aged 7 to 11 with a history of recurrent respiratory infections. The incidence of acute respiratory infections varied from 8 to 12 times during the year preceding the examination. The main group consisted of 36 children who had tonsillopharyngitis with severe inflammation of the tonsils and plaque on the tonsils. The control group included 31 patients with acute tonsillopharyngitis with inflammatory changes in the tonsils and the absence of plaque. The observation and control groups were comparable and did not have statistically significant differences in gender and age. All patients underwent a common clinical, laboratory, and instrumental examination. Along with microbial culture, the special examinations included an express test (Dectra Pharm, France) for the presence of group A -hemolytic streptococcus. Results. All children underwent an etiological examination. The presence of a viral antigen was confirmed in 71.64% of children. 27.49% of patients in the control group and 30.72% of patients in the main group had positive results of the express test for group A -hemolytic streptococcus, taking into account the requirements for assessing this reaction. It was revealed a reliable direct relationship between the detected viral infection and the negative results of the streptatest test (r=0.86; p=0.03) for the control group, and a positive correlation of the confirmed presence of group A -hemolytic streptococcus in the main group as with both C-reactive protein (r=0.78; p=0.04) and with inflammatory markers in the general blood test. A combination of positive fluorescence of viral antigens based on the results of immunofluorescence and a positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for group A -hemolytic streptococcus was recorded in 7.46% of all patients. Clinical examples are given the justification of practical implementation of the express test for the quick diagnostic information. Conclusion. Differentiated etiological diagnosis of acute tonsillopharyngitis based on clinical symptoms and the levels of markers of bacterial inflammation is extremely difficult therefore laboratory criteria should be the justification for prescribing antibiotic therapy; currently, the most accessible is the streptatest for the detection of group A -hemolytic streptococcus, which allows confirming or denying the presence of group A -hemolytic streptococcus within a few minutes, which means that it is correct to prescribe antibacterial drugs to patients.

STAPHYLOCOCCAL ANTIBODIES IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS OF THE PANCREAS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-799
Author(s):  
S. P. Halbert ◽  
P. A. di Sant'Agnese ◽  
F. Rotman Kotek
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Significant Percentage ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Extracellular Products ◽  
Group A

It has been shown that the sera of patients with cystic fibrosis reveal more numerous and frequent antibody responses to extracellular products of strains of Staphylococcus aureus than do sera from control subjects of a similar age, time and place. In a significant percentage of patients with cystic fibrosis multiple antibody responses were found against extracts of a Hemophilus influenzae strain. Such multiple antibodies were not seen in sera of the control group. These findings suggest that this organism may not infrequently be involved in the pathogenesis of the pulmonary lesions. Many more patients with cystic fibrosis than controls failed to reveal antibodies against the extracellular products of a strain of group A hemolytic streptococcus. No detectable antibodies were found in any of the sera against pneumococcal type 2 polysaccharide, old tuberculin or a mouse peritoneal toxoplasma concentrate. The potential value of this approach for the analysis of the underlying etiologic agents involved in the respiratory infections of patients with cystic fibrosis is discussed.

scholarly journals PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF CHEMICALLY INACTIVATED SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS VACCINE IN CHICKENS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Mounir M El-safty ◽  
Hala Mahmoud ◽  
Eman Sa Zaki ◽  
Howaida I Abd-alla
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Cell Envelopes

  Objective: Salmonella enteritidis ghosts (SEGs) is a non-living empty bacterial cell envelopes which were generated using a different concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 6.4 mg/mL and evaluated as a vaccine candidate in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken. SEGs have been produced by chemical-mediated lysis and evaluated the potential efficacy of chemically induced SEG vaccine and its ability to induce protective immune responses against virulent S. enteritidis challenge in SPF chickens.Methods: SPF chickens were divided into three groups: Group A (non-vaccinated control), Group B (vaccinated with prepared vaccine), and Group C (vaccinated with commercial vaccine).Results: Vaccination of SPF chicken with SEGs induced higher immune responses before and after virulent challenge. SPF chicken vaccinated with SEGs showed increasing in serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibodies. During the vaccination period, Groups B and C showed higher serum antibody titer compared to Group A. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of NaOH was capable of inducing non-living SEGs, and it has successfully generated non-living SEGs by MIC of NaOH.Conclusion: It is a one-step process which means easy manufacturing and low production cost compared to protein E-mediated lysis method. Chemically induced SEG vaccine is a highly effective method for inducing protective immunity. This study strongly suggests that SEGs will be a permissive vaccine, as the method of inhibition of S. enteritidis was safe and cheaper than other methods, and it gave a good protection.

scholarly journals Plasma Fibulin-3 as a Potential Biomarker for Patients with Asbestos-Related Diseases in the Han Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoqiang Jiang ◽  
Shibo Ying ◽  
Wei Shen ◽  
Xianglei He ◽  
Junqiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Pleural Plaques ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Group A

Fibulin-3 has been reported as a potential biomarker for mesothelioma. However, little is known about the diagnostic efficacies of fibulin-3 for asbestos-related diseases (ARDs) in China. This study was to investigate the utility of fibulin-3 for asbestos exposure and ARDs. A total of 430 subjects were recruited from Southeast China, including healthy individuals, asbestos-exposed (AE) individuals, and patients with pleural plaques (PP), asbestosis, and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Plasma fibulin-3 was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Linear regression analyses were applied to explore the influencing factors of fibulin-3. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the cutoff values. The median fibulin-3 level of subjects in the mesothelioma group was higher than that in other groups. Subjects in the asbestosis group had higher median fibulin-3 level than those in the control group. A higher fibulin-3 level was found in the group with ≥10 years of asbestos exposure as compared with control groups. The AUCs of fibulin-3 for distinguishing MPM subjects from control, AE, PP, and asbestosis subjects were 0.92, 0.88, 0.90, and 0.81, respectively. Our study provided evidence that fibulin-3 could be a potential biomarker for the early screening of MPM, but not of other nonmalignant ARDs in Chinese populations.

scholarly journals Astragaloside IV Synergizing with Ferulic Acid Ameliorates Pulmonary Fibrosis by TGF-β1/Smad3 Signaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jiahuan Tong ◽  
Zhisong Wu ◽  
Yuchen Wang ◽  
Qingxun Hao ◽  
Haoge Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Astragaloside Iv ◽  
Group A ◽  
Tgf Β1

Objective. The study aims to research the interventional effect and mechanism of astragaloside IV (Ast) synergizing with ferulic acid (FA) on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) induced by bleomycin in mice. Methods. The mice were randomly divided into seven groups with 10 mice in each group, namely, a sham operation group, a model group, a miRNA-29b (miR-29) group, a miR-29b negative control group (NC group), a FA group, an Ast group, and a combination group. A mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis was established by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. Samples were collected after 28 days of continuous administration. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson staining were used to observe pathological changes in the lung tissue, and the degree of fibrosis was evaluated using the hydroxyproline content. Changes in transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and Smad3 in the lung were observed using immunohistochemistry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the serum. PCR was used to detect the expression of the miR-29b, TGF-β1, Smad3, and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) genes. Western blotting was used to detect the content of the TGF-β/Smad3 protein. Results. Ferulic acid combined with astragaloside IV reduced the degree of pulmonary fibrosis and the synthesis of hydroxyproline in lung tissue. The combination of the two also regulated the oxidative stress response ， TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway and miR-29b in lung tissue. Conclusion. Astragaloside IV combined with ferulic acid regulated the oxidative stress of lung tissues and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling through miR-29b, thereby reducing the degree of pulmonary fibrosis. This provides a reference direction for the clinical treatment of IPF patients.

scholarly journals Elaeagnus glabra f. oxyphylla Attenuates Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Impairments in Mice by Improving Cholinergic Transmission via Activation of CREB/NGF Signaling

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunjin Sohn ◽  
Hye-Sun Lim ◽  
Yu Jin Kim ◽  
Bu-Yeo Kim ◽  
Joo-Hwan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tunel Staining ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ngf Signaling

We aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of an Elaeagnus glabra f. oxyphylla (EGFO) ethanol extract in mice with scopolamine-induced memory dysfunction. Fifty male mice were randomly divided into a normal control group, a scopolamine-treated group, a scopolamine and EGFO extract-treated group, and a scopolamine and tacrine-treated group. EGFO (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) was received for 21 days. Step-through passive avoidance and Y-maze tests were performed to examine the effects of treatment on learning and memory impairments. Acetylcholine (Ach) levels and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity were measured via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), nerve growth factor (NGF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and apoptosis-related protein expression were determined via Western blot analysis. EGFO pretreatment significantly attenuated scopolamine-induced memory impairments, relative to findings observed in the scopolamine-treated group. Levels of cholinergic factors in the brain tissues were markedly attenuated in the scopolamine-treated group. EGFO treatment also attenuated neural apoptosis in scopolamine-treated mice by decreasing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as Bax, Bcl2, cleaved caspase-3, and TUNEL staining. These results suggest that EGFO improves memory and cognition in a mouse model of memory impairment by restoring cholinergic and anti-apoptotic activity, possibly via activation of CREB/NGF signaling.

scholarly journals Improving of treatment of periodontal diseases in workers of the woodworking industry of the Chernivtsi region

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
V. Batig ◽  
◽  
O. Tokar ◽  
I. Burdenyuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Periodontal Indices

Goal. Improving the scheme of treatment and prevention of periodontal diseases in workers of the woodworking industry of Chernivtsi region, who in the process of professional activity have long-term contact with unfavorable factors of the production environment. Materials and methods. 70 workers of the woodworking industry with diagnosed chronic generalized periodontitis of the I degree were treated (35 people – the main group (A); 35 people – comparison group (B)), age – from 25 to 45 years. To compare the results of laboratory studies, an additional survey of 25 healthy individuals of the same age with an intact periodontium were conducted. They formed the control group (C). Clinical examination of patients was performed according to standart methods: subjective (complaints, medical history, life history) and objective (examination, periodontal indices, determination of the level of gingival attachment). Laboratory methods of research included determination of urease and lysozyme activity in saliva, degree of dysbiosis of oral cavity. As maintenance therapy, patients of the main group were prescribed the proposed composition DEPE. Results. After the treatment, a significant improvement in the hygienic status of patients in both groups was observed, but difference between groups A and B in the indicators of oral hygiene after treatment was no statistically significant (pA2–B2 > 0.05). There was a significant improvement in periodontal indices after treatment in patients of both groups (PMA index according to C. Parma, bleeding index according to Muhlemann in Cowell I. modification, Russell periodontal index, PSR-test), but the indicators in patients of the main group were significantly better – pA2–B2 < 0.05. In patients of the main group (A) the level of attachment loss decreased by 1.83 times, comparison group (B) – by 1.71 times. The difference in levels of attachment loss after treatment between groups A and B is statistically significant (pA2–B2 < 0.05). The activity of the enzyme urease in patients of the main group (A) and comparison group (B) after treatment was significantly reduced (pA1–A2 < 0.001, pB1–B2 < 0.001), but only in the main group it reached the level in the control group (C) (pA2–C > 0.05). The level of lysozyme after treatment was significantly increased in patients of both observation groups (pA1–A2 < 0.001, pB1–B2 < 0.001), and reached the level of lysozyme in patients of the control group (C) (pA2–C > 0.05, pB2–C > 0.05). The degree of oral dysbiosis in patients of the main group (A) was significantly reduced by 5.43 times (pA1–A2 < 0.001), and its difference from the degree of dysbiosis in patients of the control group (C) is statistically insignificant (pA2–C > 0.05 ). The degree of oral dysbiosis in patients of the comparison group (B) was significantly reduced by 3.04 times (pB1–B2 < 0.001), but still remained significantly different from oral dysbiosis in patients of the control group (C) (pB2–C < 0.05). Conclusion. The proposed pharmacological composition DEPE is an effective antiseptic solution and can be used in the phase of maintenance therapy to improve the treatment and prevention of periodontal disease in workers of woodworking industry. Key words: decamethoxine, propolis, ethonium, generalized periodontitis, woodworking industry.

scholarly journals The role of α-tocopherol and ɷ-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in miscarriage at early stages of pregnancy with cytomegalovirus infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
N. A. Ishutina ◽  
I. А. Andrievskaya ◽  
I. V. Dovzhikova ◽  
N. N. Dorofienko
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Group A ◽  
Therapeutic Measures

Introduction. It is now generally acknowledged that cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) is one of the main causes of miscarriage. However, the mechanism of this effect has not been sufficiently studied. At the same time, the influence of acids of the ɷ-3 family and α-tocopherol (αTP) on the placentation process through a pro-angiogenic action is shown.Aim. To study the concentration of αTP and ɷ-3 family acids in the peripheral blood and establish their role in miscarriage in CMV-seropositive women with CMVI reactivation.Materials and methods. A case-control study included 64 women in the first trimester of pregnancy (7-10 weeks), of which 36 were CMV-seropositive with CMVI reactivation (main group) and 28 were CMV-seronegative (control group). CMVI was diagnosed by the determination of class M and G antibodies by ELISA, as well as CMV DNA detected by PCR. The concentration of ɷ-3 acids of the family (eicosapentaenoic – EPA, docosahexaenoic – DHA) in blood serum was studied by capillary gas-liquid chromatography (J.P.Carreau, J.P.Dubacq). The αTP concentration was determined by the fluorometric method (L.G.Hansen, W.I.Warwich).Results. In women of the main group, a significant (p<0.001) decrease in the concentration of αTP to 1.32±0.025 μg/mL was observed in the peripheral blood compared to the same indicator in the control group (1.49±0.029 μg/mL). At the same time, the levels of EPA and DHA were also statistically significant (p<0.001) lower than the same indicator in the control group and amounted to 1.09±0.012 and 6.09±0.015%, respectively (in the control, 1.29±0.071 and 8.80±0.071%, respectively). Conclusion. The obtained results of the study allow us to establish the important role of disorders in the content of α-TF, EPA and DHA in the pathogenesis of miscarriage during reactivation of CMVI in the early periods of gestation, which can serve as a basis for expanding diagnostic and therapeutic measures in this pathology of pregnant women.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL THERAPY OF PYOGENIC LIVER ABSCESSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Novak ◽  
V. O. Belinska
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antibacterial Therapy ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Abscesses ◽  
Microbiological Examination ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria

Abstract Purpose of the study. To study the features of the microbial landscape, to develop an algorithm for antibacterial therapy in patients with pyogenic liver abscesses. Prove the effectiveness of the developed algorithm in the treatment of such patients. Materials and methods. The results of treatment of 79 patients with pyogenic liver abscesses were analyzed. The mean age of patients was 48,4 ± 4,7 years, with men predominating (62,9%). The inclusion criterion was the presence of pyogenic liver abscesses, the exclusion criteria were cholangiogenic and specific abscesses. The main group consisted of 44 patients operated on minimally invasive technologies based on modern diagnostic methods. They received a comprehensive conservative therapy, which took into account antibacterial treatment according to the developed algorithm. The tactics of surgical treatment of 35 patients in the control group did not differ from the main one. The groups did not differ significantly in age, sex, comorbidity, severity of the disease and the results of microbiological examination. Results. The number of inoculations of microorganisms from the purulent center was dominated by monoinfection – 86,4–88,6% of cases, which was mostly aerobic. Most of them were facultative anaerobic bacteria of the genus Enterobacteriaceae, namely Kl. pneumoniae – 34,1–40,1%. Less than a quarter of patients (11,4–13,6%) isolated cultures are represented by microbial associations – aerobic-anaerobic and aerobicaerobic. However, aerobic-aerobic infection prevailed – 75,0–83,3%. MRSA strains of staphylococci were isolated in 5,7–6,8% of patients. Treatment began on the first day of hospitalization. Empirical treatment was immediately prescribed, followed by antibiotic replacement, if necessary, based on the results of microbiological examination and determination of the sensitivity of the isolated cultures. According to microbiological studies, in patients with AP most of the isolated microorganisms (71,4–90,9%) were sensitive to linezalide and taigecycline. These antibacterial drugs were reserve drugs and were prescribed in extremely severe cases in the absence of sensitivity to other drugs. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated by clinical data and improvement of laboratory parameters (normalization of body temperature and leukocyte formula). Conclusion. Carrying out adequate combined antibiotic therapy for patients with AP according to the developed algorithms, along with surgery, allowed to reduce the recovery time of patients: for 2–3 days normalization of body temperature (t = 5,66176; P < 0,000001) and leukocyte formula (t = 8, 56860; P < 0,000001) patients of the main group in comparison with control patients. In turn, this contributed to a probable reduction in the length of stay of the patient in the hospital for 3 days (t = 3,95561; P = 0,000116). Keywords: liver abscess, ultrasound semiotics, sonography intervention, classification of abscesses, antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals Influence of low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation on the severity Of clinical symptoms in complex therapy of exacerbations Of chronic rhinosinusitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Korkmazov ◽  
◽  
A. M. Korkmazov ◽  
I. D. Dubinets ◽  
A. A. Smirnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Ultrasonic Cavitation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Group A

The variability of clinical course and frequent exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis make it necessary to improve conservative therapy. According to current literature and EPOS 2020 data the main trends are aimed to improve drug treatment, while physiotherapy is rarely applied. The aim of the study was to increase clinical effectiveness of chronic rhinosinusitis exacerbations treatment by using low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation. Clinical examination and treatment of 57 patients with exacerbation of chronic rhinosinusitis and formation of two groups was carried out. The main group (34 patients), in addition to the conventional treatment, received a course of low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation irrigation of the nasal cavity (frequency – 29 kHz, amplitude – 25 µm), and the control group (23 patients) received a course of standard therapy in accordance with clinical recommendations. The treatment resulted in improvement of clinical symptoms and reduced disease recurrence rates in 31 (91,2%) patients in the main group and 16 (69,4%) patients in the control group. A satisfactory result was obtained in 3 (8,8%) patients in the main group and 6 (27,6%) in the control group. An unsatisfactory result was noted in one case in the control group.

scholarly journals Risk factors for perinatal loss - reality or fiction?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-370
Author(s):  
V. F. Bezhenar ◽  
L. A. Ivanova ◽  
N. A. Tatarova ◽  
M. Yu. Korshunov
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Gestation Age ◽  
Group A ◽  
Statistical Systems

Aim: to identify factors predisposing to perinatal losses, assessment of which is available at the first (only) visit of pregnant woman in antenatal clinic.Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 964 women who performed delivery in 2009-2019 in 15 obstetric facilities was carried out. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the main group included 457 women with perinatal losses (stillbirth - 328 children, and 129 children with early neonatal death); the control group consisted of 507 women, whose children survived 7 days during postnatal period. We analyzed parameters routinely determined by an obstetrician-gynecologist at the first visit of woman during within ongoing pregnancy (regardless of gestation age), namely, social status, anamnesis, data of initial examination.Results. The following significant differences were revealed in pregnant women from the main group: a younger age of pregnancy; no registered marriage and permanent job as well as primary and secondary education; smoking, alcohol and drug use; concurrent diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders, blood contact infections, obesity; older menarche age and younger sexual debut age; medical history contains infectious genital pathology, more often pregnancies and childbirths, two or more abortions before repeated childbirth, premature births.Conclusion. Thus, the anamnestic indicators noted above can be used to create prognostic statistical systems and models to determine high risk of perinatal losses of any nature.

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