scholarly journals Visualizing the terror threat

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria dos Santos Lonsdale ◽  
David J Lonsdale ◽  
Matthew Baxter ◽  
Ryan Graham ◽  
Aya Kanafani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Motion Graphics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Usability Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Security Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Threat Levels

Terrorism represents one of the most pressing contemporary security threats. As a consequence, governments provide information to the public on threat levels and on how to respond to terror incidents. To effectively reassure the public, and to increase their vigilance, it is essential that the information communicated is accessible, clear, actionable and engaging. This is the first empirical study in the world to explore the impact of information design principles and visualization of information on the communication of security information related to terrorism. Two different but complementary strands were devised: Strand 1 - compared whether more visualized information was more effective than text dense information at communicating to the public; Strand 2 - compared whether a motion graphics was more effective than an infographic at communicating to the public. An initial usability test was conducted to identify existing problems and needs. Several other usability tests and iterations were then conducted to develop new design solutions. Empirical testing was then conducted for final evaluation and validation, collecting quantitative and qualitative data. Results show significant differences between pre- and post-knowledge of the Terror Threat Levels. Results also show significant differences between text dense information and more visualized information. Results further show no significant difference between communicating information via an infographic or motion graphics in situations where information needs to be assimilated as a crescendo (i.e. levels of severity) or as a series of steps to be followed (action in an emergency). This study provides important guidelines on how to effectively communicate security information to the public, with practical implications for security agencies.

Research from China finds no significant difference in impact of public service motivation (PSM) in public and private sectors

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The authors assumed PSM would be higher in the public sector, but they set up a trial to find out if this was the case. Design/methodology/approach To test their theories, the authors conducted two independent surveys. The first consisted of 220 usable responses from public sector employees in Changsha, China. The second survey involved 260 usable responses from private sector employees taking an MBA course at a university in the Changsha district. A questionnaire was used to assess attitudes. Findings The results found no significant difference between the impact of public sector motivation (PSM) on employee performance across the public and private sectors. The data showed that PSM had a significant impact on self-reported employee performance, but the relationship did not differ much between sectors. Meanwhile, it was in the private sector that PSM had the greatest impact on intention to leave. Originality/value The authors said the research project was one of the first to test if the concept of PSM operated in the same way across sectors. It also contributed, they said, to the ongoing debate about PSM in China.

scholarly journals The Impact of Organizational Commitment on Job Satisfaction: A Study of Employees at Nigerian Universities

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bola Adekola
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Private University ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Researchers have hypothesized that there is a significant difference in the degree of Organizational commitment in Public and Private Universities. This was tested in the Public and Private University system to ascertain the veracity of this hypothesis. Data were collected from 150 employees consisting of academic and Administrative and technical staff from both the public Universities and the Private Universities. The results revealed that employees in Public Universities have greater degree of organizational commitment in comparison to Private Universities. Also, job satisfaction increases or decreases based on increase or decrease in organizational commitment. Obtained results were in the line of the hypotheses. In terms of organizational commitment; a significant difference was noticed between Public and Private Universities. Against expectation, employees of Public Universities exhibited higher degree of organizational commitment as compared to those of Private Universities. Most importantly, organizational commitment is being proven as the catalyst for enhancing job satisfaction level of employees.   Keywords: Organization’s Goals, Performance, Effectiveness, Leadership Styles, Trust within the Organization, Employment Status, Training, Turnover Intentions.

scholarly journals Public service motivation in the Chinese public and private sectors

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dermot McCarthy ◽  
Ping Wei ◽  
Fabian Homberg ◽  
Vurain Tabvuma
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Public Service Motivation ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Public ◽  
Municipal District ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to statistically test if the public service motivation (PSM) measure operates in the same way across the public and private sectors of a municipal district in China. It also contrasts the relationship between PSM and workplace outcomes across sectors and employee age groups. Design/methodology/approach Survey data from independent samples of public (n=220) and private (n=230) sector employees in the Changsha Municipal District of China is used. The analysis tests for invariance across groups, before comparing mean values and regression weights. Findings Only in respect of one PSM dimension do findings show a significant higher mean in the public sector. No significant difference is found on the impact of PSM on employee performance across sectors, while it is in the private sector that PSM has the greater impact on intention to leave. Findings also show no marked impact of age upon outcomes. Research limitations/implications This study provides an initial set of results and further research will need to be undertaken to verify them. The limited sample size and narrow geographical focus, although in line with similar studies on China, means the ability to draw generalisations is limited. The reliance on self-reported measures means issues with common method bias cannot be ignored. Measures were taken during data collection to minimise issues of bias and a set of post-hoc test results are provided. Practical implications The recruitment of employees with higher levels of PSM can be expected to play a role in achieving better outcomes, regardless of sector and age profile. Originality/value The PSM measure has been applied by researchers across various economic sectors. This paper is one of the first to statistically test if the concept and its measure operates in the same way across sectors. The paper contributes to the on-going debate on PSM in the context of China and its relationship with a number of key output variables. Finally, the paper contributes to the emerging debate on changing workforce demographics and their role in shaping outcomes.

scholarly journals Information Hoax in Political Years 2019: Learning and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tukina . ◽  
Marta Sanjaya
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Community Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Content Information

The development of Internet-based technology has resulted in a change of society to a new phase. These changes resulted in social and community life (‘online society’) in the millennial era. The change was followed by the development of information in which there was a lie (Hoax). The development of such information appears rapidly, especially in political years In Indonesia 2019. This research related Hoax information on challenges in political years were carried out using descriptive qualitative methodology. Research steps; observation, reviewing literature and media. Study of literature and media is carried out in-depth. In qualitative research the role of researchers is crucial and the search for data will be considered enough if it can answer the research objectives. Information containing lies that spread to the public becomes a serious challenge. Hoax information appears, making people lives uncomfortable and restless. Developing feelings of contempt, slandering, demeaning, breaking the rules, order and peace. Lying information is made less concerned having impact and cannot be justified. Solution to Hoax Information Problems; the need for good Ethics and Self Integrity, Need Honesty, verification and Validation of Information, there needs to Editorial Board (Gate Keeper), aware of the impact on the information content, Information needs to be Balanced and not repetitive and tendentious. Keywords: information technology, internet, change, millennial, information hoax

scholarly journals Potentiality of a residential area: Practical design at Brigittaplatz

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingchang He ◽  
Andras Reith
Keyword(s):  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
Social Design ◽  
Residential Community ◽  
The Public ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Interactive Relationship ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBrigittaplatz located in the 20th district of Vienna, which is a mixed culture residential community with various issues. This paper attempts to uncover the existing problems, weaknesses, potential opportunities of the site and explore a set of local interventions to accomplish site regeneration through architectural and landscape measures. Study utilizes two axes to improve and reconnect the public service, green corridor as well as the interactive relationship. All the proposed interventions are not merely public facility renewal but a new functional and social design, which is trying to reactivate the various relationships in the site that can enhance the quality of life and carry over the impact to larger scales. Authors seek a holistic approach to regenerate Brigittaplatz.

scholarly journals The impact of latest changes in Financial Reporting on Stakeholders’ Confidence and Satisfaction.

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 930-949
Author(s):  
Dr. Dolly Roy Choudhary ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Corporate Disclosure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Common Information ◽  
External Stakeholders ◽  
Important Input ◽  
The Impact

This paper focuses on how the latest changes in corporate financial reporting have an impact on the stakeholders i.e. the shareholders, employees, management, creditors, auditors, suppliers, and the public in general. Financial information serves as an important input and guides for informed decision-making in an economic environment. The financial statements are one of the most important bases on which the internal and external stakeholders reach effective decisions. The idea of “General Purpose Financial Reporting” is directed to the common information needs of users and stakeholders. This study attempts to assess whether the stakeholder’s confidence and satisfaction are enhanced by the nature and extent of information that is made available to the stakeholders and the practices of corporate disclosure in annual accounts.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID Pandemic Consequences on Public Demand for Competence Formation in Humanitarian Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Vsevolodovich Maslov ◽  
◽  
Iryna Sergiivna Pypenko ◽  
Yuriy Borysovych Melnyk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Traditional Teaching ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Situation ◽  
Public Demand

The COVID pandemic has affected all human activity, most of all education. Lockdowns obliterated traditional teaching. Student attitudes towards educational format and content have also changed. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the pandemic consequences on public demand for competence formation in humanitarian education. Gathered through systemic written surveys (Project Tuning methodology) and interviewing the respondents (173 faculty and 322 students), participants to CIES-2020 and PPPMSF-2021 international conferences, the data were systematized, rated and analyzed using the methods of statistical analysis. Consequently, actual public demand for student competences was formulated. Top five choices by the faculty include: 1) ability to adapt to and act in new situation; 2) commitment to safety; 3) ability to search for, process and analyze information; 4) skills in the use of information and communications technologies; 5) ability to evaluate and maintain the quality of work. The student choices differ from faculty prioritizing the abilities: 1) to work autonomously; 2) to design and manage projects; 3) to adapt to and act in new situation; 4) to apply knowledge in practical situations; 5) to work in an international context. The results have shown a statistically significant difference between the public demand prior to the pandemic and after the introduction of social distancing measures. Views of faculty and students on the importance of particular competences have remained divergent, and the specific priorities are changing. One noticeable trend is prioritizing the ability to adapt to new situations by both faculty and students.

scholarly journals Communicating Uncertainty in Written Consumer Health Information to the Public: Parallel-Group, Web-Based Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland B Büchter ◽  
Cornelia Betsch ◽  
Martina Ehrlich ◽  
Dennis Fechtelpeter ◽  
Ulrich Grouven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Global Effect ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sources Of Uncertainty ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Uncertainty is integral to evidence-informed decision making and is of particular importance for preference-sensitive decisions. Communicating uncertainty to patients and the public has long been identified as a goal in the informed and shared decision-making movement. Despite this, there is little quantitative research on how uncertainty in health information is perceived by readers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the impact of different uncertainty descriptions regarding the evidence for a treatment effect in a written research summary for the public. METHODS We developed 8 versions of a research summary on a fictitious drug for tinnitus with varying degrees (Q1), sources (Q2), and magnitudes of uncertainty (Q3). We recruited 2099 members of the German public from a web-based research panel. Of these, 1727 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were randomly presented with one of these research summaries. Randomization was conducted by using a centralized computer with a random number generator. Web-based recruitment and data collection were fully automated. Participants were not aware of the purpose of the study and alternative presentations. We measured the following outcomes: perception of the treatment effectiveness (primary), certainty in the judgement of treatment effectiveness, perception of the body of evidence, text quality, and intended decision. The outcomes were self-assessed. RESULTS For the primary outcome, we did not find a global effect for Q1 and Q2 (<i>P</i>=.25 and <i>P</i>=.73), but we found a global effect for Q3 (<i>P</i>=.048). Pairwise comparisons showed a weaker perception of treatment effectiveness for the research summary with 3 sources of uncertainty compared to the version with 2 sources of uncertainty (<i>P</i>=.04). Specifically, the proportion of the participants in the group with 3 sources of uncertainty that perceived the drug as possibly beneficial was 9% lower than that of the participants in the group with 2 sources of uncertainty (92/195, 47.2% vs 111/197, 56.3%, respectively). The proportion of the participants in the group with 3 sources of uncertainty that considered the drug to be of unclear benefit was 8% higher than that of the participants in the group with 2 sources of uncertainty (72/195, 36.9% vs 57/197, 28.9%, respectively). However, there was no significant difference compared to the version with 1 source of uncertainty (<i>P</i>=.31). We did not find any meaningful differences between the research summaries for the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Communicating even a large magnitude of uncertainty for a treatment effect had little impact on the perceived effectiveness. Efforts to improve public understanding of research are needed to improve the understanding of evidence-based health information. CLINICALTRIAL German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00015911, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&amp;TRIAL_ID=DRKS00015911 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/13425

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Financial Performance of Firms on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunitha Devi ◽  
Ni Made Sindy Warasniasih ◽  
Putu Riesty Masdiantini
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Leverage Ratio ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has harmed the national economy and caused a decline in various businesses' financial performance. This study aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on firms' financial performance listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research samples included 214 companies, which were divided proportionally into nine sectors or 49 sub-sectors. Data analysis used was the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results show an increase in the leverage ratio and short-term activity ratio but a decrease in the public companies' liquidity ratio and profitability ratio during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was no significant difference in the liquidity ratio and leverage ratio. However, the public companies' profitability ratio and short-term activity ratio differed significantly between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sector that experienced an increase in liquidity ratio, profitability ratio, and short-term activity ratio but a decrease in the leverage ratio was the consumer goods sector. In contrast, the sectors experiencing a decrease in the liquidity and profitability ratios were property, real estate and building construction, finance, trade, services, and investment sectors.

scholarly journals Face to Face with COVID-19: Highlights of Challenges Encountered in Various ENT Practices Across the Czech Republic (A National Survey)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anasuya Guha ◽  
Jan Plzak ◽  
Martin Chovanec
Keyword(s):  
Medical Personnel ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Public ◽  
Organization Of Care ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Workplace Preparation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Nose And Throat

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 virus causing the COVID-19 disease created considerable complications and disruptions due to it’s pandemic spread. The nature of the disease left certain clinical specialties more vulnerable than others, causing serious problems with organization of care of patients. Most studies concentrated on protocols and strategies to control the situation and reduce further spread amongst medical fields. Only few were designed to identify the various issues faced by doctors. We decided to design a questionnaire addressing relevant matters for doctors working in the field of ear, nose and throat (ENT). This was then sent to all the members of the Czech Association of Otorhinolaryngologists. All ENT doctors were invited to fill out the survey within a stipulated time. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of a pandemic situation amongst such a high risk specialty. Our results showed a significant difference between the first cases of COVID-19 and progress of the disease during April 2020 in terms of workplace preparation, adequacy of personal protective equipment and other disposable aids. There was also inadequate support of medical personnel within the ENT practices. Furthermore, financial losses were also experienced due to mainly patient-related problems. In conclusion, the obtained results were used to formulate some recommendations for the public, patients, medical staff and employers. These suggestions will hopefully help avoid a repetition of the glitches if faced with another pandemic situation.

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