xtended and post-aggression suicide – attempt of systemisation of terminology

2018 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Jarosław Stukan ◽  
◽  
Alfred Staszak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Extended Suicide ◽  
Positive Feelings

It seems that despite the passage of time the wave of homicides followed by suicides of perpetrators has not decreased and the problem remains not fully explained or explored. From the point of view of the law enforcement every such case requires a forensic scene of crime examination by experts of various specialties before assessing it in the context of criminal law. In Polish professional literature such cases are described as “extended” or “post-aggression” suicides. The hereby article is an attempt to systemise terminology used in this area by pointing out fundamental differences between two notions, which are not synonyms. A “postaggression suicide” is a wider, descriptive and neutral term because it indicates an undetermined act of aggression preceding an attempt to take one’s life. On the other hand, an “extended suicide” despite the suggestion that several persons might have committed suicide at the same time, in fact defines an act by the perpetrator (killer) conditioned by his/her psychological state projected on the other persons. The perpetrator attributes own sufferings to the victims and by killing them, in a sense, frees them. Therefore, children and, less frequently, spouses and, in general, persons the perpetrator has positive feelings for fall victims of an extended suicide. The motive of the killing is protecting of close persons from suffering, misfortune or difficult life situation, which the perpetrator is experiencing. A clear distinction between an extended suicide and postaggression suicide is of great practical significance because it determines, as emphasised by the Authors, the course of investigative proceedings, decisions at pre-court stage, as well as the extent of forensic examinations requested from forensic specialists.

Իրավունքի և օրենքի կոլիզիաները իրավունքի փիլիսոփայությունում

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-85
Author(s):  
Artur Ghambaryan
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Legislative Policy ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law And Justice ◽  
The One ◽  
Legal Understanding

The aim of the article is to reveal the collisional relationship between justice and the law in the philosophical dimension. The main objectives of the article are to analyze the contradictions between law from the point of view of broad legal understanding, as well as the answer to the question of how law enforcement agent should act if, in solving a specific case, an outrageous contradiction between law and justice is encountered. The author used a number of scientific methods, in particular, historical-legal-comparative methods. The author concludes that supporters of a broad legal understanding consider the issue of contradiction between law mainly from the point of view of legislative policy, however, they do not discuss the issue of how the law enforcement agent should act when an obvious contradiction between law is encountered in a particular case. In the article the sayings «dura lex sed lex» (The law [is] harsh, but [it is] the law) and «lex iniusta non est lex» (An unjust law is no law at all) are considered in the dimensions of the legalism and natural law. The author concludes that the Radbruch formula is an exception to the saying «dura lex sed lex» (The law [is] harsh, but [it is] the law), which has undergone practical approbation. On the one hand, this resolution values the certainty and stability of the law, and on the other hand, it protects the person (society) from the unjustly shouting unjust laws.

Should a Criminal Code Distinguish Between Justification and Excuse?

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Gur-Arye
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lesser Evils ◽  
Special Circumstances ◽  
Self Defence

Criminal law defences may be classified as either “justification” or “excuse”. A justification negates the wrongfulness of the conduct. The following are considered justifications: law enforcement, self-defence and lesser evils. An excuse, on the other hand, negates only the culpability of the actor for wrongful conduct. Under special circumstances, such as extreme pressure, it is considered unfair to blame the actor for the violation of the norm. Insanity and duress are typical excuses.

scholarly journals Counteraction to Miscarriage of Justice in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-105
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Criminal Proceeding ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Miscarriage Of Justice

Investigation of crimes against justice in Ukraine is among topical problems of miscarriage of justice. Hundreds of criminal cases are recorded as a crime in the Official Register in Ukraine but only a few have been brought to the court. In this article we try to approach this problem in three ways: from the point of view of criminal law, criminal procedure and criminalistic measures of counteraction to miscarriage of justice. Such an approach helps to demonstrate problems of investigator, prosecutor and judge at different stages of criminal proceeding. Special attention is paid to specific regulation of the issues of criminal proceedings against a certain category of persons, including judges. Mistakes of representatives of law enforcement bodies become visible as a result of analyzing of real criminal cases. Such an analysis is aimed to disclose the problem of counteraction to miscarriage of justice in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Affect as a Term of Criminal Law, Psychology, Psychiatry, Physiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 374-381
Author(s):  
A. Lazareva ◽  
A. Goncharov ◽  
T. Kvasnikova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Emotional Disturbance ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Research

We study such a characteristic of criminal behavior as the emotional state of the guilty person at the time the crime was committed, namely, the state of sudden strong emotional disturbance, which was called “affect” in psychology and psychiatry. Affect is a multidimensional phenomenon that should be considered not only from the criminal law but also from a medical point of view. The analysis and generalization of the attributes of affect are important not only for theoretical research but also for solving issues of law enforcement practice.

scholarly journals ANALISIS YURIDIS PENERAPAN KONSEP LEX SPESIALIS SISTEMATIS PADA PENEGAKAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DI BIDANG PERTAMBANGAN DIKAITKAN DENGAN AJARAN PERBARENGAN (CONCURSUS IDEALIS) DALAM HUKUM PIDANA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjahyo Kusumo
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Mining Sector ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Penal Law ◽  
The One

ABSTRAKPerkembangan dan pembaharuan hukum pidana sudah meningkat dengan adanya penerapan penggabungan hukum dalam penyelesaian kasus tindak pidana. Perumusan masalah:Bagaimana penerapan konsep lex spesialis sistematis pada penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi di bidang Pertambangan Dikaitkan Dengan Ajaran Perbarengan Dalam Hukum Pidana? Bagaimana kepastian hukum penerapan konsep lex spesialis sistematis pada penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi di bidang Pertambangan dari sudut pandang keadilan ? Bagaimana implikasi hukum penerapan konsep lex spesialis sistematis pada penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi di bidang Pertambangan dalam pembaharuan hukum pidana?Tujuan Penelitian Untuk menjelaskan penerapan konsep lex spesialis systematis pada penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi di bidang Pertambangan Dikaitkan Dengan Ajaran Perbarengan Dalam Hukum Pidana Untuk menjelaskan kepastian hukum penerapan konsep lex spesialis systematis pada penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi di bidang Pertambangan dari sudut pandang keadilan.Untuk menjelaskan implikasi hukum penerapan konsep lex spesialis systematis pada penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi di bidang Pertambangan dalam pembaharuan hukum pidana Jenis penelitian hukumnya adalah secara normatif . Kesimpulan Penerapan konsep lex spesialis sistematis pada penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi di bidang Pertambangan Dikaitkan Dengan Ajaran Perbarengan Dalam Hukum Pidana terdapat dalam beberapa dakwaan yang terhadap terdakwa yang diperiksa pada persidangan. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada contoh kasus putusan Nomor: 16/Pid.Sus-PK/2018/PT.DKI dengan kronologinya: Terdakwa Nur Alam selaku Gubernur Sulawesi Tenggara didakwa sebagai yang melakukan, menyuruh melakukan perbuatan yang secara melawan hukum melakukan perbuatan memperkaya diri sendiri atau orangt lain atau suatu korporasi yang merugikan keuangan Negara atau perekonomian Negara. Kepastian hukum penerapan konsep lex spesialis systematis pada penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi di bidang Pertambangan dari sudut pandang keadilan yaitu bahwa Kebijakan hukum pidana melalui implementasi asas kekhususan sistematis (systematische specialiteit) merupakan upaya penting dalam harmonisasi dan sinkronisasi antar undang-undang yang terkandung sanksi pidana didalamnya, baik itu yang bersifat pure criminal act ataupun hukum pidana administrasi (administrative penal law). Asas kekhususan sistematis terdapat pada pasal 14 UU Tipikor. Interpretasi terhadap pasal ini tidak seragam sehingga seringkali mengakibatkan terjadinya kriminalisasi kebijakan pejabat. Sehingga masih belum mencapai keadilan. Implikasi hukum penerapan konsep lex spesialis sistematis pada penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi di bidang Pertambangan dalam pembaharuan hukum pidana bahwa penegak hukum, JPU dan hakim,baik di tingkat pertama, banding, maupun kasasi, dalam menyikapi perkara pidana yang mempertemukan dua ketentuan hukum pidana khusus secara sistematis.ABSTRACTThe development and renewal of criminal law has increased with the application of the incorporation of law in the resolution of criminal cases. Formulation of the problem: How is the application of the concept of a systematic lex specialist on law enforcement of criminal acts of corruption in the field of Mining Associated with the Doctrine of Reform in Criminal Law? What is the legal certainty of the application of the concept of a systematic lex specialist on law enforcement for criminal acts of corruption in the Mining field from the point of view of justice? What are the legal implications of applying the concept of a systematic lex specialist to law enforcement for corruption in the field of Mining in the renewal of criminal law?Research Objectives To explain the application of the concept of systematic lex specialists in law enforcement for corruption in the Mining field Attributed to the Doctrine of Reform in Criminal Law To explain the legal certainty of the application of the concept of systemic specialist lex in law enforcement for corruption in the mining field from the perspective of justice. legal implications of the application of the concept of systematic specialist lex in law enforcement for criminal acts of corruption in the field of Mining in the renewal of criminal law The type of legal research is normative.Conclusion The application of the concept of systematic lex specialists to law enforcement of criminal acts of corruption in the field of Mining Associated with the Doctrine of Collaboration in Criminal Law is contained in a number of charges against the defendants examined at trial. This can be seen in the example of case ruling Number: 16 / Pid.Sus-PK / 2018 / PT.DKI with its chronology: Defendant Nur Alam as the Governor of Southeast Sulawesi was charged as the one who committed, ordered to do an act that unlawfully commits an act of enriching oneself or any other person or corporation that is detrimental to the State's finances or the State's economy. Legal certainty The application of the concept of systematic specialist lex to law enforcement of corruption in the mining sector from the perspective of justice is that the criminal law policy through the implementation of the principle of systematic specificity (systematische specialiteit) is an important effort in the harmonization and synchronization between the laws contained in criminal sanctions therein , both those that are pure criminal act or administrative criminal law. The principle of systematic specificity is found in article 14 of the Corruption Law. The interpretation of this article is not uniform so it often results in the criminalization of official policies. So it still hasn't reached justice. Legal implications of the application of the concept of a systematic lex specialist on law enforcement for criminal acts of corruption in the Mining sector in the renewal of criminal law that law enforcement, prosecutors and judges, both at the first level, appeals, and cassation, in addressing criminal cases that bring together two specific criminal law provisions systematic.

scholarly journals KENDALA DALAM PELAKSANAAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PRAKTIK PARANORMAL SEBAGAI TINDAK PIDANA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1908
Author(s):  
Yusi Permatasi ◽  
Yuwono Prianto
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
The Law

In Society, Paranormal practices is considered as common things. Paranormal Practices is used for any good and also for crime, so to cope with the activities, government had regulated the act to control the crime by using paranormal background. The paranormal practices have been included as criminal acts. It has regulated in article 545 and article 546 of the criminal law act and set on as supernatural powers activity. As time passes, there are constraint in the alleviation law it’s law enforcement. This research was done with empirical or law sociological point of view, where Lawrence M. Friedman state that the elements of the legal system consist of Legal Structure, Legal Substance, and Legal Culture. The result of this research is the paranormal practices are differentiate by it used which is good or bad. The bad paranormal practices cause loss for society. This gave rise to uncertainty of law enforcement on the paranormal practices, therefore it need a deep research which is not only from the law enforcement point of view, but also the religious and cultural represented by figure.

The Mechanism of Awareness of Life Meanings in Light of the Cultural-Activity Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-51
Author(s):  
V.S. Kubarev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Activity ◽  
Life Meaning ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Personal Meanings ◽  
Real Life Situation ◽  
Internal Coherence

In modern psychological literature, the term “awareness” is largely undefined. All possible philological epithets are applied to it. This is and understanding, and recognition, and clarification, and discretion, etc. These epithets are not concepts that would reflect the essence of the phenomenon, its mechanism, but rather interchangeable terms of everyday language, reflecting the procedural aspect of consciousness. One of the evidence of the conceptual lack of development of the term “awareness” is the fact that it is completely absent in well-known psychoanalytic dictionaries. In philosophical and general psychological dictionaries, it is given an extremely vague meaning. Despite the widespread use of it, the question does not lose its acuteness: what exactly is the awareness of the unconscious, how does it unfold, and in what terms can we recreate the mechanism of its construction? If we generalize the understanding of awareness, which is implied by various psychoanalytically oriented authors, then it can be reduced to the following definitions. First, awareness is the process of verbalization of unconscious personal meanings and their integration into consciousness. Second, awareness is the thinking aimed at summarizing the disparate elements of experience and combining them into a holistic structure that gives the experience internal coherence and causal validity. Two designated definitions of awareness are associated with two ontological dimensions of dialogue: a) “I am for Myself”; b) "I am for the Other." If we break into two independent parts the dialogical unit of «I for Myself» / «I for the Other», then it turns out that awareness in its phenomenological aspect naturalizes and loses the constructive-analytical element, which, in turn, being placed on the pole of the Other, is alienated from the living phenomenological basis personal experience, as a result of which the identity of the conscious is deprived of “free self-revelation”. Our point of view, the indicated gap is bridged within the framework of the cultural-activity methodology, in the context of which awareness can be viewed as a reflective activity developing in the dialogue that constructs life meanings, indirectly by key-symbolic formations. Based on this theoretical position and analysis of empirical material that reflects the process of dream analysis during psychological counseling, a reconstruction of the mechanism of awareness is carried out. It consists in replacing the real life situation with its key-symbolic referents, the operation of which allows to generalize and separate the life meaning of the situation from the life situation itself and indirectly by the transcendental position of the Other (in the common sense), to transfer the meaning extracted from the dream to the life situation, using it as a means critical reevaluation of the existing structure of life meanings and the construction of a new structure, presented in the form of a matrix of rational action (new conscious a way of building relationships with oneself and the outside world).

scholarly journals Criminal Manifestations in the Consumer Market: Problems of Definition and Accounting

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
M. G. Zhilkin ◽  
◽  
E. A. Dotsenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Uniform Approach ◽  
Property Owners

The problem of the lack of a uniform approach to classifying criminal manifestations as a group of crimes and offenses in the consumer market is revealed. The high relevance of this issue is noted, due to the interest in it from law enforcement and Supervisory authorities. Based on the current legislation, criminal law and economic doctrine, the discussion issues related to the concept of the consumer market are considered, and its significance in the formation of the concept of crimes in the consumer market is established. It is established that crimes on the consumer market, being potentially dangerous, from the point of view of the possibility of causing harm to the life and health of citizens, damage to property owners, harm to the health of the population as a whole, require preventive measures by law enforcement agencies aimed at preventing the occurrence of further negative consequences. It is concluded that the presence of a victim is not a mandatory criterion for classifying an act as committed on the consumer market. An algorithm has been developed that allows accounting entities to apply a unified approach to classifying relevant acts.

THE EXECUTION OF CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT WITH PENAL ESTABLISHMENTS AS A KIND OF LAW-ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Александрович Швец
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Application Of Law ◽  
Executive System ◽  
The Law

В современной юридической литературе все чаще в качестве предмета исследования подвергаются научному анализу вопросы реализации права, в частности, такой ее формы, как применение, при этом с точки зрения не только теоретико-правовой сферы знаний, но и отраслевых наук. Применение права является одним из видов юридической деятельности, свойственной государственным органам в процессе реализации правовых предписаний. Это в полной мере, по мнению автора, относится к деятельности учреждений и органов уголовно-исполнительной системы, сотрудники которых при выполнении служебных обязанностей претворяют в жизнь судебное решение - акт применения права. Исследование дискуссионных вопросов относительно количества стадий правоприменительного процесса и их содержания, а также понятия и содержания правоприменительной практики позволяет автору сделать вывод, что исполнение наказания, в том числе и уголовного, является: во-первых, самостоятельным этапом процесса применения права, так как в этот период норма права продолжает реализовываться в форме принудительного исполнения приговора суда; во-вторых, разновидностью правоприменительной практики, которая представляет собой совокупную деятельность суда по вынесению основанного на законе и конкретизированного к представленной жизненной ситуации приговора - правоприменительного акта и его реализацию учреждением уголовно-исполнительной системы - уполномоченным субъектом. In modern juridical literature, issues of the implementation of law, in particular its form as application, are increasingly analyzed as a subject of research, not only from the point of view of the theoretical and legal sphere of knowledge, but also from the branch of science. The application of law is one of the types of legal activity that is typical for state bodies in the process of implementation of legal regulations. According to the author, this fully applies to the activities of institutions and bodies of the Penal system, whose employees, in the performance of their official duties, implement a court decision - an act of applying the law. The study of controversial issues regarding the number of stages of the enforcement process and content, as well as the concept and content of law enforcement practice, the author comes to the conclusion that the execution of punishment, including criminal, is: firstly, an independent stage of process of application of the law, because in this period, the rule of law continues to be implemented in the form of compulsory execution of the verdict; secondly, it is a type of law enforcement practice, which is the combined activity of the court to issue a sentence based on the law and concretized to a specific life situation-a law enforcement act and its implementation by an institution of the criminal Executive system-an authorized subject.

Conflicting Duties in Criminal Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-72
Author(s):  
Ivó Coca-Vila
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Institution ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Formal Point

Despite the great interest aroused among Anglo-American criminal law scholars by the justification of necessity, the conflict of duties as a separate defense sui generis has gone largely unnoticed until now. The aim of this paper is to fill the gap by providing a critical review of the concept and foundation for a conflict of duties as defense in the continental criminal law. Regarding the former, this legal institution is defined as a conflict between grounds of obligation that cannot be cumulatively fulfilled. Their deontic nature (prohibited or required) is thus irrelevant. With regard to the second issue, the argument is made that the solution of the collision involves a judgment set out to hierarchically arrange the colliding reasons from a formal point of view that is respectful with the principles of autonomy and solidarity. Therefore, the obligor must only fulfill the strongest ground of obligation—the only duty that can be legitimized in the particular situation—or, when before a conflict between equivalent grounds of obligation, they must comply with the disjunctive or alternative duty—aid one or the other—which the legal system imposes on them.

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