scholarly journals A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF THANKING STRATEGIES AMONG INDONESIAN EFL LEARNERS BASED ON SOCIAL STATUS AND SOCIAL DISTANCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Siti Kustini ◽  
Iis Sulyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
College Life ◽  
Equal Status ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Female Aging ◽  
Positive Feelings

This study attempts to investigate thanking strategies used by Indonesian EFL learners based on contextual factors i.e. social status and social distance. The participants were 50 semester three students studying English for Business at a state polytechnic in Bandung. The participants were both male and female, aging from 19-20 years old. Data were collected via a Discourse Completion Task (DCT) adopted from Cheng (2005) and analyzed using thanking strategy taxonomy proposed by the same author. The DCT consisted of ten different scenarios describing the most common situations that students may encounter in their college life. The results of this study indicated that the most preferred thanking strategies used by Indonesian EFL learners were thanking, alerters (i.e., title) and positive feelings.  In terms of social status and social distance, the findings revealed that thanking and apology strategies were the most used strategies in equal-status with low-familiarity situations.  In situations within which learners shared equal-status with high-familiarity, the most strategies employed were thanking and positive feelings. Regarding thanking strategies used in low-status with low-familiarity situations, thanking and repayment strategies seemed to be the most preferred ones.  Keywords: thanking, strategies, social status, social distance

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Complaint Strategies among Iranian Upper Intermediate EFL Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Nasiri Kakolaki ◽  
Mohsen Shahrokhi
Keyword(s):  
Women Students ◽  
Proficiency Test ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Intermediate Students ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Efl Students

<p class="Default"><em>The goal of this research </em><em>was</em><em> to know the differences </em><em>between</em><em> the strategies used by </em><em>male and female upper</em><em> intermediate EFL learners in complaining. Various studies suggest that the way men and women speak is different. Women are considered to be more polite than men. The present study investigated the differences of complaining realizations between Iranian EFL men and women students. A number of 60 (30 males and 30 females) upper intermediate students were selected based on their performance on a general proficiency test administered by the institute’s authorities to participate in the study. Data were collected through an open-ended questionnaire in the form of a Discourse Completion Task (DCT). The responses were analyzed based on Rinnert and Nogami’s (2006) taxonomy. The study revealed that there was a difference between men and women in realizing the complaining speech act. Men used very direct complaint more frequently compared to women who used indirect complaints the most. The present study found gender has an influence on the choice of complaining strategies and politeness.</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals THE REALIZATION OF GENDER ARGUMENTS OF INSTAGRAM PARTICIPANTS IN ARGUING ABOUT THE GOVERNOR ELECTION OF DKI JAKARTA 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tio Lasmidauli Lumban Gaol ◽  
Sri Minda Murni ◽  
Amrin Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Equal Status ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
High Social Status ◽  
The Way

This research deals with the way of male and female participants of different social status in delivering argumentation on instagram. The purpose of this study was to explain the way male and female instagram participants in arguing on instagram, to describe how social status affects the languages of male and female instagram participants of different social status communicating in instagram and to explain the reason of male and female instagram participants use the language in the way they are. This research is conducted by applying qualitative descriptive research. The data in this study are nine arguments from male instagram participants who have higher status, lower and equal with female and nine arguments from female instagram participants who have higher status, lower and equal with male which has been selected in about two months. The findings indicate that male instagram participants tend to use conjunction, conditional and biconditional to convey their arguments in instagram, whereas female instagram participants tend to use the five types of argumentation ie negation, conjunction, dicjunction, conditional and biconditional in instagram. Male with higher social status argue in conditional with female and male of equal status, male of equal status argue conjunction with female and male of equal status, lower status male argue conjunction with male and female whose status is higher. Female with higher social status argue negation, disjunction and biconditional with female and male of lower status, female of equal status argue negation and conditional with equal status of female and male, male with status lower use conjunction and conditional with male and female whose status is higher. The reason why male and female instagram participants differ in their arguing is that instagram participants with high social status tend to be affected by their social status, they tend to use the argument to show that they are competitive and wise in arguing. While instagram participants who are of equal social status, tend to show solidarity and maintain communication. Participants with lower social status tend to be selfish by giving arguments that seem undeniable or responsive. Keywords: gender language, instagram participants, social status

scholarly journals Proficiency Effect on EFL Learners’ Realization of Complaints

10.29007/9gjq ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Usó-Juan ◽  
Alicia Martínez-Flor
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Language Proficiency ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Proficiency Levels ◽  
L2 Pragmatics

Research on the effect of language proficiency on L2 pragmatics seems to provide somewhat mixed results (Xiao, 2015). On that account, this paper investigates the effect of English language proficiency on English language learner’s use of complaining strategies in contrasting situations which varied according to the sociopragmatic factors of social status, social distance and severity of offense. Results show that learners at two proficiency levels demonstrated similar patterns with regard their use of buffer and complaint super-strategies across situations. However, negotiation super-strategies were more frequent across situations in the higher proficiency group. These findings are discussed and pedagogical implications suggested.

Disagreement realizations in Arabic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-372
Author(s):  
Hady J. Hamdan ◽  
Radwan S. Mahadin
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Jordanian Arabic ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
University Of Jordan ◽  
The University ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
Spoken Arabic ◽  
Female Subjects

Abstract This paper examines disagreement strategies employed by speakers of Jordanian Spoken Arabic (JSA) with a view to finding out whether variables like gender and social status affect the linguistic choices and disagreement strategies they employ. The subjects are 28 Jordanian Arabic-speaking students at the University of Jordan. The researchers analyze the students’ interactional recorded responses to a set of stimuli included in an oral (recorded) discourse completion task (ODCT) prepared for this purpose. The ODCT comprises six scenarios in which the respondent is requested to disagree with two peers, two higher-status interlocutors and two lower-status interlocutors. The findings show that male and female subjects’ disagreement strategies tend to be influenced by the topic under discussion rather than by the gender and status of their interlocutor. However, some topics are found to be more provocative to females than to males.

A Socio-pragmatic Analysis of Taboo Language Using Animal Names in Facebook Messenger in the Jordanian Setting: A Gender-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-430
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
University Students ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Taboo Words ◽  
Animal Names ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Way

The current paper aimed to investigate taboo language using animal names in Facebook Messenger in the Jordanian setting based on the context where it appeared. A total of (100) male and female university students answered a questionnaire devised to examine the way how students use taboo language. It was noticed that "pig" recorded the highest frequency of occurrence comprising (11.59) of the total number of the taboo words followed by "dog" and "bitch". Important differences were observed in the frequency and use of taboo words by male (68. 8 %) and female (32.2%) students. The study explained the reasons why such words were deemed taboo in the Jordanian setting taking into consideration the socio-cultural and religious norms of the society. The study also concluded that taboo language was used to express different themes such as humor, relaxation, anger and abuse. Keywords: Taboo Language, Gender Differences, Themes, Socio-Pragmatic, Facebook Messenger.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Errors in Writing Skill of Adult Iranian EFL Learners Preparing for the IELTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Pouladian ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Bagheri ◽  
Firooz Sadighi
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Item ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
British Council ◽  
Women Learners ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Verb Tense

This study sought to examine the sort, frequency, and sources of writing wrongs committed by adult Iranian EFL students. To score the participants’ written essays and speaking interviews, the four criteria specified for the IELTS Speaking and Writing Band Scores (British Council, 2014) were taken into consideration. The study also tried to comparatively analyze the error categories made by men and women learners regarding the type and frequency of their linguistic errors. To gather the information, from the population of faculty members at Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (HUMS) in Bandarabbas, Iran, 100 adults, both male and female, with their age ranging from 31 to 52, were selected using convenient sampling. Based on their previous IELTS band scores ranging from 4 to 6, the members are separated into three groups.The results of data analysis revealed that verb tense was the very common grammatical mistake done by members in all three groups. For the cohesion and coherence and lexical sub-categories, relative clauses and incorrect use of target lexical item were regarded as the most common categories of errors. Outcomes of Chi-Square analyses also showed substantial differences among errors committed by participants in different groups. Finally, the comparison between male and female participants’ errors revealed that male participants made both written and spoken errors more than females. According to the results, recommendations, and any suggestions that are of importance to teachers and policymakers as well as to EFL learners are presented in detail.

scholarly journals Is there a Relationship between Critical Thinking and Critical Reading of Literary Texts: A Case Study at Arak University (Iran)

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamedreza Kohzadi ◽  
Fatemeh Aziz Mohammadi ◽  
Fatemeh Samadi
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Proficiency Test ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Female Data ◽  
The Subject

Examining the theme, plot, and characters of a literary work is a common practice for students of literature so that they can criticize literature. Unlike a non-critical reading which provides readers only with facts, a critical reading also entails depicting how a book or a source illustrates the subject matter. Through various reading procedures including interpretation, inference and examining ideologies embedded in texts, readers can develop critical thinking. This paper aims at examining whether or not there is a relationship between critical thinking and critical reading of literary texts in higher education. To meet the mentioned aim, 121 EFL learners from Arak University were invited to participate in this study. After administrating English proficiency test, total numbers of students were 98 male and female. Data analysis was done through employing ANOVA and T-test.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Ungkapan Beri-Terima Bahasa Jepang dalam Novel Shiro no Naka no Hito Karya Hoshi Shin’ichi

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-197
Author(s):  
Ana Wuri Retnaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Indirect Object ◽  
Vertical Distance ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Data Source

This paper discusses the use of yari-morai phrase (jujuhyougen) found in a novel data source titled Shiro no Naka no Hito. The purpose of this study is to describe the use of expressions of acceptance using Natsuko Tsujimura's theory. The items analyzed in this study are the function, role, and social distance of each argument. From the data analysis, it is found that when analyzed in a syntactic way, each argument functions as a subject and is a direct object or an indirect object. In semantic analysis, from the use of his verb, every argument plays the role of agent and beneficiary. Whereas from the use of passive expressions, each argument acts as a source and a goal. If pragmatic analysis is used, the use of the expressions is influenced by the vertical distance. However, formal situations are more important than existing vertical distances. So that also affects the use of proper expressions.

scholarly journals Communication Strategies Used by Iranian EFL Learners and English Native Speakers: Gender in Focus

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Layla Hajiesmaeli ◽  
Laya Heidari Darani
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
The Difference

<p>This article was intended to explore the frequency and order of communication strategies used by Iranian male and female EFL earners as well as English native speakers while facing communication breakdowns. Furthermore, it was aimed to investigate the difference between native speakers and non-native speakers of English in their use of communication strategies. In addition, it was probed whether gender had any effects on the use of these strategies among native and non-native speakers. To this end, the data were collected through the communication strategy questionnaire distributed among 30 male and female Iranian intermediate EFL learners and 15 English native speakers. The design of this study was a quantitative one in which the questionnaire and thus numerical data were applied. To analyze the data, Cronbach alpha and independent-samples t-tests were used. The results indicated that non-verbal and social affective strategies were the most frequent strategies used by non-native speakers and native speakers of English, respectively. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between male and female Iranian EFL learners, but a significant difference between male and female English native speakers were seen. It can be concluded that language proficiency can contribute to the type and frequency of communications strategies which are used non-native speakers; likewise, it can play a significant role in gender differences in language use.<em></em></p>

scholarly journals Sociolinguistics Background Determining Linguistic Politeness

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Shokhikhatul Khasanah
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Linguistic Politeness ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Linguistic Behavior ◽  
The Way

This article is intended to show that Sociolinguistics background influences linguistic behavior among people. The way people communicate with other is vary based on their Sociolinguistics background; included the way to show Politeness. Thus, the difference Sociolinguistics background will determine the linguistic Politeness. Politeness is a concept which seeks to give respect to other when we are speaking. Some Sociolinguistics backgrounds that determine Linguistic Politeness, such as: power relationship and social distance, education, social status, job profession, gender, and ethnicity

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