scholarly journals PLANTATION OF A NEW FORMULA TO ASSESS PURITY OF FINAL MOLASSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayat Rahim Khan ◽  
Areeba Tehreem
Keyword(s):  
Bench Mark ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sugar Mills ◽  
New Formula ◽  
Inorganic Components

Loss of sucrose in final molasses is a major financial loss to a sugar factory; all efforts are to be made to curtail this loss. The apparent purity concept is unable to quantify the degree of molasses exhaustion but the Target Purity Formula can be used as bench mark to fulfill this purpose. Target Purity formula is a function of mono saccharides and inorganic components. A number of Target Purity Formulas have been presented in the past. Thirty tests of analysis of molasses exhaustion were collected from various sugar mills of the country in three years. All available Target Purity Formula applied on these tests to find an appropriate formula which can be used to quantify the exhaustion of final molasses for our country. Evaluating some of the Target Purity Formulas, a new formula is being planted (40.86-14.60 log Rs/A) and checked against all thirty tests analysis of final molasses exhaustion and found suitable for our country.

Identity crime and misuse in Australia: Results of the 2021 online survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merran McAlister ◽  
Christie Franks
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Australian Institute

This bulletin presents the findings of the latest survey of identity crime and misuse undertaken by the Australian Institute of Criminology as part of the Australian Government’s National Identity Security Strategy. In 2021, 9,956 people across Australia were surveyed about their experience of victimisation over their lifetime and during 2020. Nineteen percent of respondents had experienced misuse of their personal information in their lifetime and seven percent experienced it in the past year—a decline from 2019. Seventy-eight percent of respondents who reported victimisation in the past year experienced a financial loss as a result.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the income tax treatment of client loyalty programme transactions by South African suppliers

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-164
Author(s):  
Sophia Brink
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
The South ◽  
The Past ◽  
Loyalty Programme

The popularity of client loyalty programmes has increased drastically over the past few years, with more than 100 suppliers in South Africa currently making use of them. Despite the fact that client loyalty programmes have been prevalent in South Africa since the 1980s, the South African Revenue Service has issued no specific guidance on the income tax treatment of client loyalty programme transactions. The main objective of the research was to determine whether South African client loyalty programme suppliers treat client loyalty programme transactions correctly for income tax purposes. In order to meet this objective, available local and international literature were analysed to determine the proposed income tax treatment of a client loyalty programme transaction expenditure incurred by supplier for purposes of the client loyalty programme. The proposed correct income tax treatment was compared with a survey circulated to a population of client loyalty programme suppliers in South Africa. The comparison indicated that in practice the Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962 is treated differently from the proposed treatment. This incorrect tax treatment could result in possible financial loss to the client loyalty programme supplier as taxpayer.

scholarly journals Instability Criteria for Vehicles in Motion Exposed to Flood Risks

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 07003
Author(s):  
Syed Muzzamil Hussain Shah ◽  
Zahiraniza Mustaffa ◽  
Do Kyun Kim ◽  
Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Incipient Velocity ◽  
Instability Modes ◽  
Scale Ratio ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
New Formula

Flooded roads have somewhat become a norm to the society and among the damages that floods can pose, there are fatalities and harm caused to people. Floating debris such as vehicles, manipulated by floodwaters could potentially cause harm not only to the public safety but also towards the public and private-owned properties. In the past, research on vehicle’s instabilities have been solely dedicated to static vehicles which are normally translated as vehicles parked on road surface. A vehicle when exposed to floodwater get influenced by different hydrodynamic forces and becomes prone to different instability modes, namely sliding, floating and toppling. Outcomes on such modes are somehow recognised in the works on static vehicles, but the mechanics of a moving vehicle under such influences have not been studied. Herein the influence of floodwater flows on the vehicle attempting to cross a flooded path (partial submergence) is presented. With that regards, a non-stationary model vehicle with the scale ratio of 1:10 (Perodua Viva) was used and a series of experiments were conducted. Moreover, a new formula to estimate the incipient velocity for a moving vehicle has been introduced and the prediction accuracy of the proposed formula has been validated using experimental data. Measurements were taken including approaching velocities and water depths, through which the instability was computed.

scholarly journals Special Issue “Chemical Speciation of Organic and Inorganic Components of Environmental and Biological Interest in Natural Fluids: Behaviour, Interaction and Sequestration”

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Francesco Crea ◽  
Alberto Pettignano
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biological Interest ◽  
Inorganic Components

Several different definitions were in the past proposed to describe the term chemical speciation, and some of them were accepted from the scientific community [...]

Thermoelectricity at the Organic-Inorganic Interface

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Yee ◽  
Jonathan Malen ◽  
Pramod Reddy ◽  
Rachel Segalman ◽  
Arun Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Electronic Transport ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Surface States ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
The Past ◽  
Single Molecule Junctions ◽  
Electronic Conductance ◽  
Inorganic Components

Electronic transport in molecular junctions has been studied through measurements of junction thermopower to evaluate the feasibility of thermoelectric (TE) energy generation using organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Energy transport and conversion in these junctions are heavily influenced by transport interactions at the metal-molecule interface. At this interface the discrete molecular orbitals overlap with continuum electronic states in the inorganic electrodes to create unique energy landscapes that cannot be realized in the organic or inorganic components alone. Over the past decade, scanning probe microscopes have been used to study the electronic conductance of single-molecule junctions[1–5]. Recently, we conducted measurements of junction thermopower using a modified scanning tunneling microscope (STM)[6]. Through our investigations, we have determined: (i) how the addition of molecular substituent groups can be used to predictably tune the TE properties of phenylenedithiol (PDT) junctions[7], (ii) how the length, molecular backbone, and end groups affect junction thermopower[8], and (iii) where electronic transport variations originate[9]. Furthermore, we have recently found that large (10 fold) TE enhancement can be achieved by effectively altering a (noble) metal junction using fullerenes (i.e., C60, PCBM, and C70). We associate the enhancement with the alignment of the frontier orbitals of the fullerene to the chemical potential of the inorganic electrodes. We further found that the thermopower can be predictably tuned by varying the work function of the contacts. This yields considerable promise for altering the surface states at interfaces for enhanced electronic and thermal transport. This paper highlights our work using thermopower as a probe for electronic transport, and reports preliminary results of TE conversion in fullerene-metal junctions.

scholarly journals Cultural significance of the Jatiroto sugar factory official house in Stasiun Street Lumajang Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-284
Author(s):  
Antariksa ◽  
Herry Santosa ◽  
Wahyuni Eka Sari
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Descriptive Method

The assessment of cultural significance is important to the processes involved in the determination of building preservation policies. The cultural significance is mostly invisible or intangible in a cultural heritage building and contained in the form of value or meaning which are sometimes misinterpreted and this means it is possible to judge a building as worthy or unworthy to be preserved for the interests of the past, present, and future through the evaluation its importance. Moreover, some important elements are usually contained in a cultural heritage building which can be excavated through their cultural significance. This research was, therefore, conducted to determine the cultural significance of residential buildings in the Jatiroto Sugar Factory area complex at Lumajang Regency, East Java to be used in formulating policies required to preserve the structures as a cultural heritage for the benefit of future generations. This involved the use of the descriptive method to describe the situation in the field while the weighted evaluative method was applied to evaluate the cultural significance value of the building and its elements. The results were used as the criteria to determine the cultural significance of the official house of the Jatiroto Sugar Factory which can be applied as the reference to formulate the cultural significance criteria for similar cultural heritage buildings in other locations.

On the Maximum Deflection of Plating in Newly Built Ships

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Antoniou
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Maximum Deflection ◽  
Central Deflection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Plate Aspect Ratio ◽  
New Formula ◽  
Made In

Various efforts have been made in the past to express the central deflection of the plate panel as a function of the basic parameters, such as plate slenderness, welding thickness, etc., upon which it depends. Distortion tolerances of the plate could thus be specified as a function of the central deflection, which is easily established. The present paper analyzes more than 2000 measurements of plate panel central deflection in newly built ships collected over a number of years in a shipyard. The central deflection is expressed as a function of the plate slenderness ratio, the thickness of the stiffeners, the plate aspect ratio, and the weld throat thickness. A regression analysis is carried out to determine the coefficients of the functional relationship. From the regression analysis the influence of each parameter on the deflection is derived and new formulas for predicting maximum deflection in various cases are proposed. Finally, results of the analysis with various parameters included are compared with similar formulations previously given in the literature, and a new formula for specification of post-welding distortions is suggested.

scholarly journals The unintended consequence of SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> regulations over China: increase of ammonia levels and impact on PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Lachatre ◽  
Audrey Fortems-Cheiney ◽  
Gilles Foret ◽  
Guillaume Siour ◽  
Gaëlle Dufour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutant ◽  
Inorganic Components

Abstract. Air pollution, reaching hazardous levels in many Chinese cities has been a major concern in China over the past decades. New policies have been applied to regulate anthropogenic pollutant emissions, leading to changes in atmospheric composition and in particulate matter (PM) production. Increasing levels of atmospheric ammonia columns have been observed by satellite during the last years, in particular IASI observations reveal an increase of these columns by 15 % and 65 % from 2011 to 2013 and 2015, respectively, over Eastern China. In this paper we have performed model simulations for 2011, 2013 and 2015 in order to understand the origin of this increase, and in particular to quantify the link between ammonia and the inorganic components of particles: NH4(p)+ / SO4(p)2− / NO3(p)−. Interannual change of meteorology can be excluded as a reason: year 2015 meteorology leads to enhanced sulphate production over Eastern China which increases the ammonium and decreases the ammonia content which is contrary to satellite observations. Reductions in SO2 and NOX emission between 2011 and 2015 of respectively −37.5 and −21 %, as constrained from satellite data, lead to decreased inorganic matter (by 14 % for NH4(p)+ + SO4(p)2− + NO3(p)−). This in turn leads to increased gaseous NH3(g) tropospheric columns, by as much as 24 % and 49 % (sampled corresponding to IASI data availability) from 2011 to 2013 and 2015 respectively, and thus can explain most of the observed increase.

Hole Cold Expansion the Fatigue Mitigation Game Changer of the Past 50 Years

2014 ◽  
Vol 891-892 ◽  
pp. 679-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Len Reid
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Expansion Method ◽  
Bench Mark ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Cold Expansion ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Game Changer

Over the past 50 years, mitigating cracks from holes has been a major focus of aerospace research, design, and stress engineers. Technology and design philosophies were developed to focus on predicting and increasing fatigue life of metal aircraft structure. One of the innovations to have the biggest impact to slow or arrest crack growth was to induce beneficial residual stresses around a hole. The zone of residual compressive stresses shields the hole from the effects of cyclic loads. The split sleeve cold expansion method was pioneered in the early 1970s by Boeing and Fatigue Technology. The split sleeve cold expansion process has become the bench mark method in mitigating fatigue cracks and enhancing durability and damage tolerance of aerospace metal structures. This paper will review the history of cold expansion methods and the evolution of this technology to the controlled and widely accepted methods used by industry today.

FIELD TESTS OF A HIGHLY CONCENTRATED FORMULATION OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AGAINST SPRUCE BUDWORM (CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA; LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (7) ◽  
pp. 877-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Smirnoff
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
The Past ◽  
Final Volume ◽  
New Formula ◽  
Better Than

AbstractDuring the summer of 1982, aerial experimental sprayings were carried out with a new formula of Bacillus thuringiensis named Futura®. This formula provided a treatment of the 20 × 109 IU of B. thuringiensis/ha required for suppression of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana), in a final volume of 2.5 L/ha. Results of spraying with Grumman AgCat and DC-4G aircraft are presented. These results were compared with those obtained with formulas of B. thuringiensis used in the past at 4.7 L/ha. Futura® caused 91.1 and 88.7% larval mortality and resulted in 86.6 and 75.1% foliage protection with the Grumman AgCat and DC-4G aircraft, respectively. Such results were equal to or better than those obtained with the formulas used earlier at 4.7 L/ha and confirm the feasibility of using B. thuringiensis operationally in an efficient and economical way.

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