scholarly journals Bioenergía a partir de microalgas en México

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Sheila Genoveva Pérez-Bravo ◽  
Ana María Mendoza-Martínez ◽  
Maria del Refugio Castañeda-Chávez ◽  
Luciano Aguilera-Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
World Population ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Lipid Contents ◽  
Current Energy ◽  
Short Carbon

The energy demand of the world population is increasing due to population growth and technological development. The current energy base is a generator of CO2 emissions, the most abundant and main greenhouse gas responsible for global warming, as well as pollutants, sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides. The environmental deterioration and the increase in fossil fuel prices make it necessary to investigate less aggressive energy sources with the environment at competitive costs in the market. Biofuels are an alternative for energy production due to their origin in the short carbon cycle, their emissions are considered almost zero, including biodiesel and bioethanol. The latter can be obtained from microalgae rich in carbohydrates and lipids, easy to grow in short periods of time. The objective of this research is to summarize the findings made about the existence of useful microalgae as raw material to produce biofuels in Mexican territory. An exhaustive review of the literature was carried out, which contributed to estimate the microalgal diversity in the country and its lipid contents as well as carbohydrates, with different species of the genera Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Desmodesmus being found mainly.

scholarly journals Traversing the mountaintop: world fossil fuel production to 2050

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1532) ◽  
pp. 3067-3079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Nehring
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Past Century ◽  
World Population ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Per Capita

During the past century, fossil fuels—petroleum liquids, natural gas and coal—were the dominant source of world energy production. From 1950 to 2005, fossil fuels provided 85–93% of all energy production. All fossil fuels grew substantially during this period, their combined growth exceeding the increase in world population. This growth, however, was irregular, providing for rapidly growing per capita production from 1950 to 1980, stable per capita production from 1980 to 2000 and rising per capita production again after 2000. During the past half century, growth in fossil fuel production was essentially limited by energy demand. During the next half century, fossil fuel production will be limited primarily by the amount and characteristics of remaining fossil fuel resources. Three possible scenarios—low, medium and high—are developed for the production of each of the fossil fuels to 2050. These scenarios differ primarily by the amount of ultimate resources estimated for each fossil fuel. Total fossil fuel production will continue to grow, but only slowly for the next 15–30 years. The subsequent peak plateau will last for 10–15 years. These production peaks are robust; none of the fossil fuels, even with highly optimistic resource estimates, is projected to keep growing beyond 2050. World fossil fuel production per capita will thus begin an irreversible decline between 2020 and 2030.

scholarly journals Integrated Approach for Wastewater Treatment and Biofuel Production in Microalgae Biorefineries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2282
Author(s):  
Sanjeet Mehariya ◽  
Rahul Kumar Goswami ◽  
Pradeep Verma ◽  
Roberto Lavecchia ◽  
Antonio Zuorro
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
World Population ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Valuable Compounds

The increasing world population generates huge amounts of wastewater as well as large energy demand. Additionally, fossil fuel’s combustion for energy production causes the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) and other pollutants. Therefore, there is a strong need to find alternative green approaches for wastewater treatment and energy production. Microalgae biorefineries could represent an effective strategy to mitigate the above problems. Microalgae biorefineries are a sustainable alternative to conventional wastewater treatment processes, as they potentially allow wastewater to be treated at lower costs and with lower energy consumption. Furthermore, they provide an effective means to recover valuable compounds for biofuel production or other applications. This review focuses on the current scenario and future prospects of microalgae biorefineries aimed at combining wastewater treatment with biofuel production. First, the different microalgal cultivation systems are examined, and their main characteristics and limitations are discussed. Then, the technologies available for converting the biomass produced during wastewater treatment into biofuel are critically analyzed. Finally, current challenges and research directions for biofuel production and wastewater treatment through this approach are outlined.

scholarly journals Catalysts for Biodiesel Production: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1985-1999
Author(s):  
K.A.V. Miyuranga ◽  
D. Thilakarathne ◽  
Udara S.P.R. Arachchige ◽  
R.A. Jayasinghe ◽  
N.A. Weerasekara
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
World Population ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
The World

As the world population and modernization increase, energy demand increases. One of the non-sustainable energy sources is fossil fuels. However, fossil fuel consumption raises various environmental and economic issues. Most of the studies focus on sustainable energy sources, which can replace fossil fuel dependence. Biodiesel is an alternative sustainable fuel for diesel power. Biodiesel can produce through the transesterification process. Since the catalyst plays a significant role in the biodiesel yield during a defined reaction time, the addition of a catalyst can increases the reaction rate. This article is outlined the several catalysts used by multiple researchers over the years to increase biodiesel yields.

scholarly journals Potential of wind energy resources around Nasawana village in Nabouwalu, Vanua Levu, Fiji

2020 ◽  
pp. 014459872097067
Author(s):  
Krishnam Nair ◽  
Ajal Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Wind Analysis ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Wind Resource ◽  
Wind Energy Resources

Fiji is located in the South Western part of the Pacific between latitude 18° S and longitude 179° E. In 2018, Fiji has spent approximately FJD 800 million in importing fossil fuel to meet the rising energy demand in the country. In the previous year’s several solar PV and wind resource assessments has been done and results obtained indicated that there is a potential for grid connected electricity generation using recommended resources. This study was carried out in the Nasawana Village (16°55.3 S and 178°47.4 E) to determine the options to use electricity derived from the wind. Wind analysis was carried out using Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) that predicted the wind speed of 6.96 ms−1 and a power density of 256 Wm−2 at 55 m a.g.l. The annual energy production predicted for a single wind turbine (Vergnet 275 kW) is approximately 631.6 MWh with a capacity factor of 26%. The cost of energy per kWh is estimated as FJD 0.10 with a payback period of 7 years.

scholarly journals Energy Policies and Sustainable Management of Energy Sources

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Schirone ◽  
Filippo Pellitteri
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
Energy Cycle ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Current Energy ◽  
High Share

Sustainability of current energy policies and known mid-term policies are analised in their multiple facets. First an overview is given about the trend of global energy demand and energy production, analysing the share of energy sources and the geographic distribution of demand, on the basis of statistics and projections published by major agencies. The issue of sustainability of the energy cycle is finally addressed, with specific reference to systems with high share of renewable energy and storage capability, highlighting some promising energy sources and storage approaches.

scholarly journals Comparison of Analytical and Software Based Design of Energy Efficient Induction Motor

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 3627-3631
Author(s):  
Sai Kishore
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Efficient Induction ◽  
Current Scenario

Energy Efficient Induction motor is playing a vital role in current scenario. Due to rising electrical energy demand, increased awareness of global warming, and rising fossil fuel prices, energy efficiency has become increasingly important. Apart from adding capacity, the only practical approach to deal with this situation is to make optimal use of the available energy, which may be done by using energy efficient Motors. The main objective of this paper is to calculate and Compare the Analytical and Electromagnetic Software based design for a 5HP Energy Efficient Motor.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study of a Small Standalone Marine Power Source

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Current Generator ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
Marine Current ◽  
Marine Currents ◽  
Current Energy ◽  
Suitable Location

This paper presents a preliminary technical feasibility of using marine current as a possible source of renewable energy production in Kuwait substituting fossil fuel based energy production. Kuwait sea water depth and velocity have been studied in order to obtain the most suitable location for such system. Topographical data collected from Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research for marine currents and seabed have been used in carrying on a simulation study of the proposed system where the possible power output has been estimated. An economical study comparing the implementation of a small standalone generator and the implementation of a marine current generator for a standalone application was carried out showing the advantages of the latter. This preliminary work will help to show that marine current energy is a viable source of energy.

scholarly journals Towards Net Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Energy and Chemical Sectors in Switzerland and Beyond – A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 788-799
Author(s):  
Simone Brethauer ◽  
Michael Hans-Peter Studer
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oil Demand ◽  
Current Energy

In today's societies, climate-damaging and finite fossil resources such as oil and natural gas serve a dual purpose as energy source and as carbon source for chemicals and plastics. To respond to the finite availability and to meet international climate goals, a change to a renewable energy and raw material basis is inevitable and represents a highly complex task. In this review, we assess possible technology paths for Switzerland to reach these goals. First, we provide an overview of Switzerland's current energy demand and discuss possible renewable technologies as well as proposed scenarios to defossilize the current energy system. In here, electric vehicles and heat pumps are key technologies, whereas mainly photovoltaics replace nuclear power to deliver clean electricity. The production of chemicals also consumes fossil resources and for Switzerland, the oil demand for imported domestically used chemicals and plastics corresponds to around 20% of the current energetic oil demand. Thus, we additionally summarize technologies and visions for a sustainable chemical sector based on the renewable carbon sources biomass, CO2 and recycled plastic. As biomass is the most versatile renewable energy and carbon source, although with a limited availability, aspects and proposed strategies for an optimal use are discussed.

Some insights in the effect of growing bio-energy demand on global food security and natural resources

Water Policy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (S1) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Müller ◽  
Josef Schmidhuber ◽  
Jippe Hoogeveen ◽  
Pasquale Steduto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
National Level ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Population ◽  
Other Hand

Growing crops for biofuels is often criticized because of its direct competition for land for food production. The recent price increases on world food markets are partly a result of this competition. For instance, cereals prices have increased by more than 60% since 2005 and in 2006 sugar prices peaked at a level twice as high as the level of previous years. There are concerns whether these increases will continue and if the world will run out of resources for food production. According to the authors, these concerns are largely unwarranted. For one, higher prices for food also mean that feedstocks are becoming increasingly expensive for bio-energy production and this endogenously limits the amount of feedstocks that will be used in the energy market. In addition, there is no imminent global resource shortage, neither for land nor for water that would support these concerns. Even with an expanding world population there is globally still enough land and water to grow a substantial amount of biomass for both food and bio-energy production. However, there is an uneven distribution of natural resources, resulting in huge regional differences with important areas experiencing major land and water shortages. China and India, for example, account together for more than 35% of the total global population and both have exploited most of the land and water resources available for agriculture. On the other hand, sub-Saharan Africa and South America still have the potential, in terms of suitable land and exploitable water, to expand areas for agricultural production. The growing demand for bio-energy will have a negative and positive effect on food. Higher food prices can increase food insecurity among the urban poor and the rural landless population. On the other hand higher prices and more marketable production can stimulate the agricultural sector and create new opportunities for rural communities. At the national level it can offer development opportunities for countries with significant resources.

scholarly journals Significance of Hydrogen as Economic and Environmentally Friendly Fuel

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7389
Author(s):  
Shashi Sharma ◽  
Shivani Agarwal ◽  
Ankur Jain
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Infrastructure ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Current Energy

The major demand of energy in today’s world is fulfilled by the fossil fuels which are not renewable in nature and can no longer be used once exhausted. In the beginning of the 21st century, the limitation of the fossil fuels, continually growing energy demand, and growing impact of green-house gas emissions on the environment were identified as the major challenges with current energy infrastructure all over the world. The energy obtained from fossil fuel is cheap due to its established infrastructure; however, these possess serious issues, as mentioned above, and cause bad environmental impact. Therefore, renewable energy resources are looked to as contenders which may fulfil most energy requirements. Among them, hydrogen is considered as the most environmentally friendly fuel. Hydrogen is clean, sustainable fuel and it has promise as a future energy carrier. It also has the ability to substitute the present energy infrastructure which is based on fossil fuel. This is seen and projected as a solution for the above-mentioned problems including rise in global temperature and environmental degradation. Environmental and economic aspects are the important factors to be considered to establish hydrogen infrastructure. This article describes the various aspects of hydrogen including production, storage, and applications with a focus on fuel cell based electric vehicles. Their environmental as well as economic aspects are also discussed herein.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document