Project-Based Learning Model with A Scientific Approach to Mathematics Learning in Covid-19 Pandemic

This study aimed to determine the effect of using a project-based learning model with a scientific approach to students' mathematics learning. This kind of examination with experimental methods is included in quantitative research. This research design is a quasi-experiment. Samples were taken from 2 classes, the population in this exam was all class VIII SMP Negeri 3 Ngrambe in the 2020/2021 school year. The method used in sampling is cluster random sampling. Information retrieval procedures in this study using tests and documentation. The method of checking information uses instrument tests, prerequisite tests, and hypothesis testing. The results of information testing with a significant degree of 5% (0.05), namely the information data on the results of the lilliefors normality test. The learning outcomes of the experimental class L count L table (0.039 0.173), and the control class L count L table (0.031 0.173). It can be considered that the information data submitted is normal. Based on the information data on the homogeneity test results, pretest information data F max F table (1.24 1.98). It means that the information was homogeneous. Based on the information data on the results of hypothesis testing, pretest before treatment from the experimental class and the control class got t count t table (-0,501 1,677). The statement is likely acknowledged or, as a whole, there is no influence from the project-based model with a project-based learning model with a scientific approach to students' mathematics learning outcomes Posttest information data obtained by T count T table (3.566 2.063), in other words, the effect of the project-based learning model on students' mathematics learning outcomes in class VIII SMP Negeri 3 Ngrambe in the academic year 2020/2021.

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PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAM QUIZ TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS IV SDN 20 AMPENAN

PROGRES PENDIDIKAN ◽

10.29303/prospek.v1i3.27 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 225-235

Author(s):

Dwi Desi Hariyani Putri ◽

Nurul Kemala Dewi ◽

Awal Nur Kholifatur Rosyidah

Keyword(s):

Cooperative Learning ◽

Hypothesis Testing ◽

Learning Outcomes ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Mathematics Learning ◽

Learning Model ◽

Control Group ◽

Homogeneity Test ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Model Type

This study aims to describe the influence of the cooperative learning model team quiz type on the mathematics learning outcomes of fourth-grade students of SD Negeri 20 Ampenan. This type of research is quantitative research. The research method used is Quasi Experiment with research design Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Learning outcomes taken in this study are in three domains, namely cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. The instrument in this study has passed two stages of testing, namely the expert validator test and field testing. The conclusion is drawn by the results of hypothesis testing with pretest and posttest giving questions after being treated with a cooperative learning model type team quiz. Before testing the hypothesis, a prerequisite or parametric test is carried out, namely the Normality Test and the Homogeneity Test. The results of hypothesis testing using the independent sample t-test with the help of SPSS version 16 show the t-count value of 6,979 ≥ t-table 2,021 at a significant level of 5% with df = 67, then Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, that is, there is an effect on student learning outcomes with the use of cooperative learning model type team quiz. Simple Linear regression test results of 86% with very good interpretation.

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Penerapan Model PJBL Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses dan Hasil Belajar Matematika Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar Kelas VIII C SMP Negeri 4 Sumbang Semester 2 Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017

AlphaMath : Journal of Mathematics Education ◽

10.30595/alphamath.v5i1.7349 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Theresia Warsini

Keyword(s):

Student Learning ◽

Learning Outcomes ◽

Learning Process ◽

Mathematics Learning ◽

Student Learning Outcomes ◽

Learning Model ◽

Project Based Learning ◽

Process Skills ◽

Flat Side ◽

Class Viii

The results of learning mathematics at SMPN 4 Sumbang are still low. This is caused by the factors of students who are less active, lazy, and easily bored, while teachers who have difficulty learning students, but students who do not like to learn mathematics. Therefore it is necessary to improve learning outcomes so that researchers apply the PjBL (Project Based Learning) model to enhance the process skills and mathematics learning outcomes of flat side space material. The research objective to be achieved is to find out whether the PjBL learning model can improve the learning process and the learning outcomes of mathematics in flat side space. This research is a Classroom Action Research. Learning tools, namely syllabus, lesson plans, teaching materials, and worksheets. While the research instrument is the description test and observation sheet. The subjects of the research were the students of class VIII C of SMP N 4 Sumbang with 22 students. The study was conducted in February through June 2017. The subject and time of the study were chosen because the researcher taught in the class, and the implementation time was adjusted to the lesson schedule. The research procedure begins with a discussion of the problem, planning of the action, implementing the action and observation, as well as analysis and reflection. The results of research that can answer the problem formulation achieve research objectives and prove research hypotheses about the application of the PjBL learning model can improve the process skills and learning outcomes of mathematics material in the scope of class VIII C students of SMP N 4 Sumbang 2016/2017 school year. This situation is proven by the results of the first cycle of highly competent students as much as 18%, cycle II as much as 45% and cycles III as much as 55%. Student learning outcomes on average 63.64 in the first cycle, 68.73 in the second cycle, and increased again to 75.27 at the end of the third cycle. From these results, it was agreed by the teacher to develop the PjBL learning model in the material that would be presented later to improve student learning outcomes. In contrast, students appreciate enhancing the learning process when learning and better prepare themselves before the learning process begins.

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PEMBELAJARAN MEMBACA TEKS DESKRIPSI MELALUI PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK DENGAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) PADA SISWA SMP NEGERI 6 SUBANG

Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang ◽

10.36989/didaktik.v5i1.89 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Julianto Julianto

Keyword(s):

Hypothesis Testing ◽

Reading Ability ◽

Problem Based Learning ◽

Learning Model ◽

Project Based Learning ◽

Homogeneity Test ◽

Average Value ◽

Normality Test ◽

Scientific Approach ◽

Before And After

Reading is receptive or accepting activity. The reading activity of some students is considered not a necessity or a necessity. In fact, reading activities need to be taught or familiarized as early as possible. The ability to read does not come alone, suddenly, or just come, but requires a process of practice or practice continuously, and has a clear purpose. A person who has good reading skills will think critically and have good understanding. The obstacles experienced by students in reading are students who consider reading trivial or trivial things. Then, students only carelessly read or did not have a clear purpose. There are several causes of low student reading ability, namely the lack of examples or exemplary parents or teachers in reading books, lack of reading material, environmental factors, and effective education strategies or reading techniques. Learning in the 2013 curriculum implements a scientific approach. The scientific approach is an approach that focuses on science, facts, phenomena, and context. Some learning models that use a scientific approach such as discovery learning, project based learning, problem based learning, and inquiry learning. In optimizing reading learning requires an effective approach or model. One of them is the scientific approach with a problem based learning model. The problem based learning model requires students to think critically in solving problems in both learning and everyday life. The research design used in this study used a pre-experimental design with type one group pretest posttest design. In the application of the one-group pretest-posttest design there is the application of pretest or initial test before treatment and posttest or test given treatment with a problem based learning model. Then, the results before and after given treatment are compared to find out the effectiveness of the problem based learning model in learning to read the description text in class VII-E students of SMP Negeri 6 Subang. Stages of statistical calculations start from searching for the average value, normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis testing. The average pretest is 53.3, while the posttest average value is 73.1. From the results of the average value before and after it can be compared that there is a difference in value of 19.8. The normality test is known that the pretest significance value is 0.200, while for the posttest value is 0.200. The homogeneity test can be seen from the significance value of the pretest and posttest is 0.342. Hypothesis testing the significance value of pretest and posttest is 0,000. So, there is a difference between the average test scores before and after being treated with a competitive approach with the problem based learning model in reading the description text.

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PERBEDAAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SAVI (SOMATIC, AUDITORY, VISUAL, INTELLECTUALL) DENGAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK PADA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP N 4 KOTA BENGKULU

Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran Matematika Sekolah (JP2MS) ◽

10.33369/jp2ms.3.2.188-195 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 188-195

Author(s):

Rafi Putra ◽

Della Maulidiya ◽

Effie Efrida Muchlis

Keyword(s):

Learning Outcomes ◽

Mathematics Learning ◽

Learning Model ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Homogeneity Test ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Group Design ◽

Class Viii

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan model pembelajaran SAVI dengan saintifik pada materi Statistika terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VIII SMPN 4 Kota Bengkulu. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain penelitian The Nonequivalent Posttest-Only Control Group Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas VIII SMPN 4 Kota Bengkulu. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik Purposive Sampling ditentukan berdasarkan nilai rata-rata tes awal siswa yang sama. Sehingga diperoleh siswa kelas VIII 7 berjumlah 35 orang sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII 6 yang terdiri dari 36 orang siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Uji prasyarat analisis dengan menggunakan uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji-t independent, diperoleh bahwa uji-t independent untuk hasil postes kedua kelas sampel dengan taraf signifikan didapat angka sig.(2-tailed) = 0,000 < taraf signifikan ( dan maka H0 ditolak. Menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar matematika antara siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran SAVI dengan pendekatan saintifik dan siswa yang menggunakan pendekatan saintifik saja pada kelas VIII SMP Negeri 4 Kota Bengkulu.Kata Kunci : Hasil belajar, Model pembelajaran SAVI (Somatic, Auditori, Visual, Intellectuall) AbstractThe aim of this study to know SAVI difference with scientific learning model at Statistics material to the results of students' mathematics learning class VIII SMPN 4 Kota Bengkulu. Type of research is quasi-experimental research design with research The Nonequivalent Posttest-Only Control Group Design. The population in this research is class VIII SMPN 4 Kota Bengkulu. Sample selection is done by purposive sampling technique is determined based on the average value of the initial tests the same students. Thus obtained the eighth grade 7 totaling 35 people as an experimental class and class VIII 6 which consists of 36 students as control class. Prerequisite test analysis using normality test and homogeneity test. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, found that the independent t-test to the results of the second post-test sample classwith a significant level obtained gained sig rate.(2-tailed) = 0,000 < significant level then H0 is rejected. It indicates that there are differences in learning outcomes mathematics between students who use learning model SAVI approach to scientific and students who use the approach of scientific course at class VIII SMPN 4 Kota BengkuluKeywords: learning outcomes, SAVI learning model (Somatic, Auditori, Visual, Intellectuall)

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Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Talking Stick Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Kelas X di SMK Grafika Yayasan Lektur

Jurnal Pattingalloang ◽

10.26858/pattingalloang.v7i1.13292 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Bunga Oktaveanry Nagara ◽

Lelly Qodariah ◽

Jumardi Jumardi

Keyword(s):

Student Learning ◽

Learning Outcomes ◽

Research Method ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Student Learning Outcomes ◽

Learning Model ◽

Homogeneity Test ◽

Multiple Choice Questions ◽

Model Learning ◽

Class Average

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran talking stick terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran sejarah kelas X di SMK Grafika Yayasan Lektur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif eksperimen. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kelas XA sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas XB sebagai kelas kontrol. Pada uji validitas instrumen menggunakan korelasi biserial dengan 25 butir soal pilihan ganda dengan 15 butir soal valid an 10 butir soal yang tidak valid. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji normalitas, uji homogenitas dan uji hipotesis menggunakan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar yang diberi perlakuan menggunakan model pembelajaran talking stick lebih tinggi daripada hasil belajar yang diberi perlakuan menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional, dari analisis data diperoleh rata-rata kelas eksperimen 87,16 dan kelas kontrol 66,85, (2) hasil pengujian hipotesis yang diperoleh thitung>ttabel yaitu 2,107>2,002 pada taraf signifikan α=0,05. Hal tersebut berarti hipotesis dalam penelitian ini dapat diterima dan dinyatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran talking stick terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran sejarah kelas X di SMK Grafika Yayasan Lektur. Kesimpulannya bahwa terdapat pengaruh dari model pembelajaran talking stick terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran sejarah kelas X di SMK Grafika Yayasan Lektur.Kata kunci: model pembelajaran talking stick, hasil belajar AbstractThis study aims to determine the effect of the talking stick learning model on student learning outcomes in class X history subjects at the SMK Grafika Foundation for Literature. The research method used was an experimental quantitative research method. The sample used in this study is class XA as an experimental class and class XB as a control class. In the validity test the instrument uses biserial correlation with 25 multiple choice questions with 15 valid items and 10 invalid items. Data analysis techniques used were normality test, homogeneity test and hypothesis testing using t test. The results showed that: (1) there were differences in learning outcomes that were treated using the talking stick learning model higher than learning outcomes that were treated using conventional learning models, from the analysis of the data obtained an experimental class average of 87.16 and a control class 66, 85, (2) the results of testing the hypothesis obtained tcount> ttable is 2.107> 2.002 at a significant level α = 0.05. This means that the hypothesis in this study can be accepted and it is stated that there is an effect of the talking stick learning model on student learning outcomes in class X history subjects at SMK Grafika Literature Foundation. The conclusion that there is an influence of the talking stick learning model on student learning outcomes in classs X history subjects at SMK Grafika Literature Foundation.Keywords: talking stick learning model, learning outcomes

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Improving Mathematics Learning Outcomes Through Cooperative Learning Model Type NHT In Grade VIII A Students MTS Muhammadiyah

Formatif Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan MIPA ◽

10.30998/formatif.v8i1.2319 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Muhamad Ruslan Layn

Keyword(s):

Cooperative Learning ◽

Learning Outcomes ◽

Mathematics Learning ◽

Learning Model ◽

Male Students ◽

Average Score ◽

Test Results ◽

Average Value ◽

Class Viii ◽

Pythagoras Theorem

This research is a Classroom Action Research (PTK), which aims to improve the learning outcomes of mathematics through NHT type cooperative learning model in students of class VIII A MTs. Muhammadiyah conducted collaboratively between researchers and teachers of mathematics studies. In the implementation of this research, it is done by giving group worksheet and observation sheet of student activity using NHT type cooperative learning model after giving an explanation about Pythagoras Theorem material as much as two cycles that cycle I and II. After being given group worksheets then conducted the assessment includes assessment of test results of a cycle I and cycles II and group worksheet to students that is by applying learning model of cooperative learning type NHT. The subjects of this study were students of class VIII A which amounted to 20 students consisting of 15 male students and 5 female students. Techniques of collecting data in research are this observation and test. The data obtained were then analyzed. The results of the study showed that the implementation using NHT type cooperative learning model on Pythagoras Theorem material. the ability of students in solving problems on the material above has increased. With the increase of the average value of students in the first cycle was 43.45 and increased in cycle II 83.90. Improvement of student learning outcomes to mathematics learning using NHT type cooperative learning is good. This is indicated by the average value of group learning outcomes in cycle I 60.00 or being in the medium category and the average score of the learning outcomes of the group in cycle I 82.50 or in the high category. This shows the result of increased mathematics learning after conducting cooperative learning model of NHT type

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Strategies to Improve Mathematics Learning Outcomes Through Flipped Classroom

Academia Open ◽

10.21070/acopen.6.2022.2469 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Author(s):

Nurin Afdillah ◽

Ida Rindaningsih

Keyword(s):

Learning Outcomes ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Flipped Classroom ◽

Mathematics Learning ◽

Learning Model ◽

Fifth Grade ◽

Classroom Learning ◽

Significance Level ◽

Fifth Grade Students ◽

A Value

The purpose of this study was to analyze the presence or absence of and how much influence the flipped classroom learning model had on the mathematics learning outcomes of fractions. This research was conducted at MI Nurul Huda Candi Sidoarjo for the 2020/2021 Academic Year. This study uses quantitative research with a sample of 40 students. The data collection after the treatment was carried out using the Mathematics Learning Outcomes Test for fractions. The results showed that there were differences in learning outcomes between students who were taught using the flipped classroom learning model and students who were taught using the conventional learning model with a value (tcount = 2,041 > ttable = 2, 024) at a significance level of 5%. it can be concluded that there is an effect of the flipped classroom learning model on the mathematics learning outcomes of fifth grade students at MI Nurul Huda Candi Sidoarjo. The large influence of the flipped classroom learning model on the mathematics learning outcomes of fifth grade students at MI Nurul Huda Candi Sidoarjo is 6.87%.

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MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS MATEMATIKA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP SIKAP SERTA HASIL BELAJAR

JES-MAT (Jurnal Edukasi dan Sains Matematika) ◽

10.25134/jes-mat.v2i1.281 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Heri Herwanto

Keyword(s):

Learning Outcomes ◽

Learning Experience ◽

Mathematics Learning ◽

Learning Model ◽

Project Based Learning ◽

Model Learning ◽

Study Program ◽

Model Project ◽

Survey Results ◽

And Mathematics

The study, entitled "Enhancing Creativity Learning Mathematics through Project Based Learning Model and Its Impact on Attitude and Learning Outcomes" conducted on students of the second semester study program Information Systems Faculty of Computer Science University of Brass. This research is motivated by the fact that the survey results indicate a lack of creativity of mathematics, consequently affect the poor attitude and mathematics learning outcomes. The study aims to analyze whether there was an effect Implementation Project Based Learning Model Learning to creativity, attitude and student results. The research method used mixmethode, where quantitative data and qualitative data presented to strengthen each other and interpreted based on the facts and findings that occurred during the study. Based on the research results obtained by the fact that the amount of influence the implementation of Project Based Learning Model Learning for Creativity, Attitude and Learning Outcomes are sinifikan. improvement of learning outcomes based on the value of the gain shows the medium category, and the response to the application of the Model Student Learning Project Based Learning is positive. Based on the findings, with the implementation of Project Learning Model Based Learning, students gain learning experience complete and intact because it is done step by step based on the concepts of mathematics to produce a project that could be used for community needs.Keywords: Learning Model Project Based Learning, Creativity, Attitudes, Learning Outcomes

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Penerapan Model Pembelajaran ARCS dan Active Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Ditinjau Dari Motivasi Belajar Siswa

PYTHAGORAS Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika ◽

10.33373/pythagoras.v6i1.617 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yudhi Hanggara ◽

Irwan Juniman Zendato

Keyword(s):

Active Learning ◽

Learning Outcomes ◽

Mathematics Learning ◽

Learning Model ◽

Learning Motivation ◽

Homogeneity Test ◽

Normality Test ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Difference ◽

Low Motivation

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Perbedaan hasil belajar matematika siswa yang diberikan perlakuan model pembelajaran ARCS dengan model pembelajaran Active Learning. (2) Perbedaan hasil belajar matematika siswa yang memiliki motivasi belajar tinggi, sedang dan rendah. (3) Interaksi antara model pembelajaran (ARCS dan Active Learning) dengan motivasi belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan desain faktorial 2 x 3. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMKN 2 Batam tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Sampel diperoleh kelas X Akutansi-2 sebagai kelas eksperimen-1 dan kelas X Akutansi-4 sebagai kelas eksperimen-2. Instrumen pada penelitian ini adalah tes dan angket Uji prasyarat meliputi uji normalitas dengan metode Lilliefors dan uji Homogenitas dengan metode Bartlett. Pengujian hipotesis pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis variansi dua jalan dengan sel tak sama. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa: (1) tidak terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar matematika antara siswa yang diberikan perlakuan model pembelajaran ARCS dengan model pembelajaran Active Learning. (2) terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar metematika antara siswa yang memiliki motivasi belajar tinggi dan rendah. (3) tidak terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dengan motivasi belajar siswa.Kata Kunci: ARCS, Active Learning, motivasi belajar, hasil belajar matematika Abstract. This study aims to determine: (1) The difference in learning outcomes of student who study mathematics using ARCS learning model with Active learning model. (2) The difference in mathematics learning outcomes in student who have hight, medium and low motivation. (3) Interaction between learning model (ARCS and Active Learning) with student learning motivation. This research is quasi-experimental study with factorial design 2 x 3. The population in this research is all of students class X SMKN 2 Batam with academic year 2016/2017. The Sample in this research from class X accountant-2 is used as sampling for 1st experiment and class X accountant-4 for 2nd experiment. Instrument of research are mathematics achievement test and questionnaire student motivation. The test requirement is normality test using Lilliefors method and homogeneity test using Bartlett method. Hypothesis testing in this study uses two-way analisis of variance with defferent cells. Conclusion in this study: (1) there is no difference between student math result between ARCS learning model with Active learning model. (2) there is difference between result of student math between learning high motivation with low motivation. (3) there is no interaction between the learning model with student motivation.Keywords: ARCS, Active Learning, Motivation learning, Study of Math

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PROJECT BASED LEARNING BERMUATAN ETNOMATEMATIKA DALAM PEMBELAJAR MATEMATIKA

JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia) ◽

10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v6i1.9257 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

I Wayan Eka Mahendra

Keyword(s):

Learning Outcomes ◽

Junior High School ◽

Mathematics Learning ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Project Based Learning ◽

Junior High School Teachers ◽

Student Learning Outcome ◽

Model Project ◽

Class Viii ◽

And Mathematics

This study aims to determine differences simultaneously in motivation and mathematics learning outcomes between students taking project based learningmodel charged ethnomathematics and students who followed the conventional learning modelon the class VIII SMP Negeri 3 Abiansemalyear 2016/2017. It was a quasi experiment with a sample of 71 student obtain by using simple random sampling. The data were analyzed by one-way multivariate analysis (Manova).The results of this study indicate that there are differences in simultaneously in learning motivation and learning outcomes between students taking mathematics model project based learning charged ethnomathematics and students who followed the conventional learning model on the class VIII SMP Negeri 3 Abiansemal year 2016/2017. Besed on the research findings, junior high school teachers are suggested to improve their student learning outcome for mathematics. Teachers also need to use a learning models accurately and correctly.

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