scholarly journals SELECTIVE DEPOSITION OF NANOFIBERS NET ON TEXTILE STRUCTURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
D. Minguez ◽  
E.B. Belda ◽  
I. Montava ◽  
P.D. García ◽  
M.B. Aracil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Selective Deposition ◽  
Heating Water ◽  
Reduced Density

Nanotechnology has evolved in the last years and nowadays there are many technologies related with the development of nanoparticles (NPs) or nanofibers (NFs). Due to the wide variety of polymers and diverse applications, filtration, medicine, cosmetic, etc., the study of those NFs is still of interest nowadays. In this work the NFs net created from electrospinning is used as a coating for fabrics. The aim of this work is to demonstrate how fibres are placed on the fabrics and if there is a tendency or they are located randomly. Two different fabrics were used a 100 % cotton plain 115g/m2 and a 100% polyamide knitting fabric 60 g/m2. A PVA solution (9% w/v) was used to create NFs which were placed on the fabrics. This solution was prepared by heating water at 80º C till complete solution of the polymer. Electrospinning was designed for a vertical collector with 15 cm distance from the needle. The flow rate was 0,5 mL/h with 15 or 20 kV for 15 minutes. Results evidenced the tendency of NFs net to be located on the fibres and consequently we could conclude the fabric is designing the position where the fibres would be placed. Furthermore, we could demonstrate that the presence of a fabric with reduced density implies deposition of NFs on both the fabric and the collector.

scholarly journals ANALISIS EKSPERIMEN LAJU ALIRAN VOLUME AIR TERHADAP TEMPERATUR AIR PANAS PADA HEAT RECOVERY SISTEM AC JENIS WATER CHILLER

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Rasta
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Heating Water ◽  
Compressor Work ◽  
Heat Released

Refrigerant in refrigeration machines will absorb heat from a room space and released the heat to the environment. The heat balancing in the system is heat released from condenser equal with heat absorbed from room space added by the heat equivalent from compressor work. Based on this heat cycle, the writer try to conduct research on using this heat rejection from condenser to heating tap water, focusing on water flow rate increased from 0.5 liter/min to 2.5 liter/min. From experiment and analysis result obtained that the maximum heat water temperature which can be reached is 47.5°C in 0.5 liter/min, with the equipment specifications are 2 HP- split air conditioning and the tank volume is 75 liters. The additional result is heating water temperature is fallen when the water flow rate is increased.

Laminar Inward Flow of an Incompressible Fluid Between Rotating Disks, With Full Peripheral Admission

1968 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Boyd ◽  
W. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Tangential Velocity ◽  
Tangential Component ◽  
Rotating Disks ◽  
Outer Periphery ◽  
Inlet Conditions

The laminar flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid, radially inward between parallel co-rotating disks is considered. The through-flow is supported by an externally applied pressure difference between the outer periphery and a circular fluid exhaust hole at an inner radius. The fluid supplied at the outer periphery is considered with arbitrary velocity components, such that the tangential component may be greater or less than the disk peripheral velocity. A sufficiently complete problem statement is formulated from the Navier-Stokes’ equations. The problem has three parameters: a Reynolds number, a flow-rate parameter, and a peripheral tangential velocity component parameter. A numerical method of solution is detailed and typical numerical results are given illustrating the phenomena that occur in the inlet region for various inlet conditions. It is shown that the solution becomes the asymptotic solution given by previous investigators at interior radii following the inlet. Correspondence between the complete solution given herein and the earlier asymptotic solutions is established as dependent on corresponding values of Reynolds number and flow rate only. The results are discussed from the point of view of application of the solution in the development of multiple-disk turbines.

scholarly journals Methodology for determining the flow rate and temperature of generated hot water when calculating the thermal diagram of a hot water boiler room

2022 ◽  
Vol 1211 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
V P Gorshenin ◽  
A N Kachanov ◽  
VA Chernyshov ◽  
D A Korenkov ◽  
V V Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Functional Dependencies ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Network Water ◽  
Joint Solution ◽  
Heating Water ◽  
Boiler Room ◽  
Boiler Units

Abstract The consumption and temperature of hot water produced by boiler units are calculated using such a quantity as the consumption of the consumed network water. The formulas represent functional dependencies connecting the obtained values not only with the consumption of heating water, but also with the consumption of hot water supplied for recirculation, for own needs and for the needs of the fuel economy. They take into account the losses of network and hot water. The formulas are obtained as a result of the joint solution of the equation for the total consumption of hot water and the equation for its partial costs.

scholarly journals Performance characteristics of a heat pump using renewable transcritical CO2 refrigerant for heating water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Yunus ◽  
Mowffaq M Oreijah
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Heating Water ◽  
Fan Speed ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Full Utilization

ABSTRACT Among non-toxic and inflammable working fluids, carbon dioxide (CO2) proving a possible choice of refrigerant is gaining full status because of its reducing capacity of global warming and ozone depletion. Heat pump (HP) equipment uses energy more rationally to heat water by reducing emissions and global warming caused by conventional refrigerants. HP capability demands an environmentally friendly refrigerant for their full utilization and high energy saving as well to attaining higher coefficient of performance (COP) without much design corrections. CO2 is checked for sustainability to eliminate the standardized refrigerants such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and hydro-CFC. In this work, the performance of CO2 as an alternate refrigerant in HP for heating water at different pressure, flow rates, evaporator fan speed and preheating have been investigated. HP is accommodated with two condensers. The results showed that the increased mass flow rate had increased COP, overall heat transfer (HT) coefficient (U) and HT. However, logarithmic mean temperature difference was decreased for increasing evaporator’s fan speed and pressure. The outlet water temperature (TWO) of second condenser increased with decreasing water flow rate. Improved COP, HT and TWO of HP are observed from the experimental evaluation in case of preheating of water.

A Novel Reconstitution Method for Inducing the Formation of Regular 2-Dimensional Arrays of Membrane Proteins and Lipids

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 152-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Engel ◽  
A. Holzenburg ◽  
K. Stauffer ◽  
J. Rosenbusch ◽  
U. Aebi
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Electron Crystallography ◽  
Peltier Element ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
3 Dimensional

Reconstitution of solubilized and purified membrane proteins in the presence of phospholipids into vesicles allows their functions to be studied by simple bulk measurements (e.g. diffusion of differently sized solutes) or by conductance measurements after transformation into planar membranes. On the other hand, reconstitution into regular protein-lipid arrays, usually forming at a specific lipid-to-protein ratio, provides the basis for determining the 3-dimensional structure of membrane proteins employing the tools of electron crystallography.To refine reconstitution conditions for reproducibly inducing formation of large and highly ordered protein-lipid membranes that are suitable for both electron crystallography and patch clamping experiments aimed at their functional characterization, we built a flow-dialysis device that allows precise control of temperature and flow-rate (Fig. 1). The flow rate is generated by a peristaltic pump and can be adjusted from 1 to 500 ml/h. The dialysis buffer is brought to a preselected temperature during its travel through a meandering path before it enters the dialysis reservoir. A Z-80 based computer controls a Peltier element allowing the temperature profile to be programmed as function of time.

The structure of amorphous and polycrystalline materials using energy-filtered RDF analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1190-1191
Author(s):  
David Cockayne ◽  
David McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Density Function ◽  
Electron Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Reduced Density ◽  
System F

The technique of Electron Reduced Density Function (RDF) analysis has ben developed into a rapid analytical tool for the analysis of small volumes of amorphous or polycrystalline materials. The energy filtered electron diffraction pattern is collected to high scattering angles (currendy to s = 2 sinθ/λ = 6.5 Å-1) by scanning the selected area electron diffraction pattern across the entrance aperture to a GATAN parallel energy loss spectrometer. The diffraction pattern is then converted to a reduced density function, G(r), using mathematical procedures equivalent to those used in X-ray and neutron diffraction studies.Nearest neighbour distances accurate to 0.01 Å are obtained routinely, and bond distortions of molecules can be determined from the ratio of first to second nearest neighbour distances. The accuracy of coordination number determinations from polycrystalline monatomic materials (eg Pt) is high (5%). In amorphous systems (eg carbon, silicon) it is reasonable (10%), but in multi-element systems there are a number of problems to be overcome; to reduce the diffraction pattern to G(r), the approximation must be made that for all elements i,j in the system, fj(s) = Kji fi,(s) where Kji is independent of s.

Novel epoxy/anhydride alternatives for biological electron microscopy: Physical and performance characteristis of embed 812 and LX 112 in combination with NSA/NMA/DMAE

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1000-1001
Author(s):  
Joe A. Mascorro ◽  
Gerald S. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Volume Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Volume Flow ◽  
Base Resin ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Acid Anhydrides

Embedding media based upon an epoxy resin of choice and the acid anhydrides dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA), nadic methyl anhydride (NMA), and catalyzed by the tertiary amine 2,4,6-Tri(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (DMP-30) are widely used in biological electron microscopy. These media possess a viscosity character that can impair tissue infiltration, particularly if original Epon 812 is utilized as the base resin. Other resins that are considerably less viscous than Epon 812 now are available as replacements. Likewise, nonenyl succinic anhydride (NSA) and dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) are more fluid than their counterparts DDSA and DMP- 30 commonly used in earlier formulations. This work utilizes novel epoxy and anhydride combinations in order to produce embedding media with desirable flow rate and viscosity parameters that, in turn, would allow the medium to optimally infiltrate tissues. Specifically, embeding media based on EmBed 812 or LX 112 with NSA (in place of DDSA) and DMAE (replacing DMP-30), with NMA remaining constant, are formulated and offered as alternatives for routine biological work.Individual epoxy resins (Table I) or complete embedding media (Tables II-III) were tested for flow rate and viscosity. The novel media were further examined for their ability to infilftrate tissues, polymerize, sectioning and staining character, as well as strength and stability to the electron beam and column vacuum. For physical comparisons, a volume (9 ml) of either resin or media was aspirated into a capillary viscocimeter oriented vertically. The material was then allowed to flow out freely under the influence of gravity and the flow time necessary for the volume to exit was recored (Col B,C; Tables). In addition, the volume flow rate (ml flowing/second; Col D, Tables) was measured. Viscosity (n) could then be determined by using the Hagen-Poiseville relation for laminar flow, n = c.p/Q, where c = a geometric constant from an instrument calibration with water, p = mass density, and Q = volume flow rate. Mass weight and density of the materials were determined as well (Col F,G; Tables). Infiltration schedules utilized were short (1/2 hr 1:1, 3 hrs full resin), intermediate (1/2 hr 1:1, 6 hrs full resin) , or long (1/2 hr 1:1, 6 hrs full resin) in total time. Polymerization schedules ranging from 15 hrs (overnight) through 24, 36, or 48 hrs were tested. Sections demonstrating gold interference colors were collected on unsupported 200- 300 mesh grids and stained sequentially with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Severe Drooling and Treatment With Botulinum Toxin

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Merete Bakke ◽  
Allan Bardow ◽  
Eigild Møller
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Acetylcholine Release ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Local Inhibition ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Severe drooling is associated with discomfort and psychosocial problems and may constitute a health risk. A variety of different surgical and non-surgical treatments have been used to diminish drooling, some of them with little or uncertain effect and others more effective but irreversible or with side effects. Based on clinical evidence, injection with botulinum toxin (BTX) into the parotid and submandibular glands is a useful treatment option, because it is local, reversible, and with few side effects, although it has to be repeated. The mechanism of BTX is a local inhibition of acetylcholine release, which diminishes receptor-coupled secretion and results in a flow rate reduction of 25–50% for 2–7 months.

Reduced density of VGF immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus of patients with schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Busse ◽  
HG Bernstein ◽  
B Bogerts ◽  
J Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Reduced Density

EFFECT OF BODY MASS INDEX ON PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Subramanyam ◽  
Dr. P. Subhash Babu
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Group B

Obesity has become one of the major health issues in India. WHO defines obesity as “A condition with excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that the health and wellbeing are adversely affected”. Obesity results from a complex interaction of genetic, behavioral, environmental and socioeconomic factors causing an imbalance in energy production and expenditure. Peak expiratory flow rate is the maximum rate of airflow that can be generated during forced expiratory manoeuvre starting from total lung capacity. The simplicity of the method is its main advantage. It is measured by using a standard Wright Peak Flow Meter or mini Wright Meter. The aim of the study is to see the effect of body mass index on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate values in young adults. The place of a study was done tertiary health care centre, in India for the period of 6 months. Study was performed on 80 subjects age group 20 -30 years, categorised as normal weight BMI =18.5 -24.99 kg/m2 and overweight BMI =25-29.99 kg/m2. There were 40 normal weight BMI (Group A) and 40 over weight BMI (Group B). BMI affects PEFR. Increase in BMI decreases PEFR. Early identification of risk individuals prior to the onset of disease is imperative in our developing country. Keywords: BMI, PEFR.

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