scholarly journals Dynamic Effects of Corruption on General Government Final Consumption Expenditure: Evidence from OECD Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-567
Author(s):  
Emin Efecan Aktaş
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Final Consumption ◽  
Corruption Index ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Government

The relationship of corruption with macroeconomic indicators and its widespread negative impact over the years has been the subject of many empirical studies. Public expenditures, which are among these macroeconomic indicators, are one of the fiscal policy tools and their size and amount can be alternated by policymakers who gain an advantage from corruption. In this respect, the effect of corruption on the government final consumption expenditure is interrogated by System Generalized Methods of Moment panel data analysis in this study. Using four different corruption indexes in terms of robustness check, and forecasting covering the 2002–2018 period for 37 OECD countries proclaim that the corruption indexes in 3 models are significantly and positively related to public expenditures, while the other corruption index is positively but insignificantly correlated.

scholarly journals Determinants of Income Inequality in EU Candidate Countries: A Panel Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-413
Author(s):  
Vesna Bucevska
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Eu Candidate Countries ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

AbstractDespite increasing income per capita, the EU candidate and potential candidate countries remain confronted with high levels of income inequality. The purpose of our paper is to identify the main determinants of income inequality among the EU candidate countries. In addition to macroeconomic factors, we also analyze the impact of demographic variables to provide more reliable estimates. Using panel data analysis with fixed effects in the period 2005-2017 for three EU candidate countries (North Macedonia, Serbia and Turkey) we find that the unemployment rate, the level of economic development and the investment rate are the main determinants whose increase leads to a bigger income differentiation in the analyzed countries. The government indebtedness has also a statistically significant, but a negative impact on income inequality. The other two macroeconomic variables in the model – the terms of trade and inflation are statistically insignificant. Among the demographic factors, population growth and education significantly affect income inequality among the EU candidate countries. The obtained results suggest that a sustainable economic growth combined with active measures in the labor market and the improvement of education level of the population could lead to more equal income distribution.

scholarly journals Military Budget and Economic Growth: Case of Middle East, North Africa and South Asia Countries

TRIKONOMIKA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Ratni Heliati ◽  
Intan Putri Wandiva
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Middle East ◽  
South Asia ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Final Consumption ◽  
Military Budget

Conflict became one of the biggest problems in the Middle East region. This situation will deteriorated the country and will impact on economic perfomance, so defense budget is important to resolve these problems. This study aims to determine the effect of military budget on economic perfomance in 22 countries of the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia 2000-2014 period. This study uses 5 variables namely GDP per capita, military budget, gross capital formation, human capital and final consumption expenditure. This study uses panel data analysis with fixed effect model. The results of model estimation suggest that military budget has a significant negative effect on economic perfomance, while gross capital formation, final consumption expenditure have significant positive effect on economic perfomance. Meanwhile, human capital  does not have significant effect on economic perfomance in 22 countries. 

scholarly journals Challenges and risks in the process of Russia’s post-pandemic economic recovery

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
O. M. Makhalina ◽  
V. N. Makhalin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
National Action Plan ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Government

The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 has had a negative impact on economies around the world. The article analyses the macroeconomic indicators characterising the Russian economy after the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this action on Russia’s global indicators have been compared with those of some countries in the world. The objectives and activities of the “National Action Plan for Employment and Income Recovery, Economic Growth and Long-Term Structural Changes in the Economy” (hereinafter the “National Action Plan”) have been considered. This document sets out the country’s development over the next two years and measures to recover the economy from the COVID-19 pandemic. The Government of the Russian Federation is allocating 5 trillion roubles for the implementation of the “National Action Plan”. Meanwhile, the main objective is to ensure a sustainable economic development and income growth path within two years. The indicators of the main goal to be achieved by the end of 2021 are: sustainable growth of the personal income; reduction of unemployment to 5%; growth of the gross domestic product by 2.5% per annum. In conclusion, the challenges and risks in implementing the “National Action Plan” have been formulated. 

scholarly journals Public, Private or Universities?

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-300
Author(s):  
Caner Demir
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Dependence ◽  
Econometric Tests ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to investigate the differential impacts of business, government and higher education sectors’ research and development expenditures (R&D) on innovation in OECD countries. Although the business sector has the largest share of the R&D sector due to its profit motive, there are also some efforts made by public and higher education sectors. On the other hand, for decades, the literature of economics is in doubt about the efficiency of the public sector. The study deals with the issue by making a panel data analysis covering 18 OECD countries over the 1981-2016 period and aims to examine the separated effects of these sectoral R&D expenditures on innovation performance. Since most of the existing literature mostly focused on the R&D-GDP relationship, the present study aims to contribute to a relatively untouched point. To obtain robust findings, recent econometric tests and estimators have been used. The previous studies in the existing literature ignored the possibility of cross-sectional dependence problem within the country samples. Ignoring this problem may yield biased and inconsistent results. The present study considers the existence of cross-sectional dependence between selected countries and checks the robustness of each test and estimator via recent econometric techniques. The findings reveal firstly that there is a cointegrating relationship between the number of domestic patents (innovation) and the other three R&D indicators. Secondly, the longrun estimation results imply that increases in the R&D expenditures made by business sector significantly raise innovation while there is no statistically significant evidence on the impact of R&D expenditures made by the government and higher education sectors. The findings reveal that the R&D efforts made by the government and higher education sectors cannot turn into innovation and do not contribute to the knowledge spillover mechanism.

scholarly journals INCIDENCIA DE LA POLÍTICA FISCAL VENEZOLANA SOBRE EL FENÓMENO INFLACIONARIO DURANTE 1997-2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Urdaneta
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Final Consumption ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la incidencia de la política fiscal venezolana sobre el fenómeno inflacionario durante el periodo 1997-2013, y surge de la necesidad de evaluar los instrumentos de política económica considerando ante un posible escenario de dolarización de la economía y el impacto que las variables de política fiscal pudiesen tener en el comportamiento del nivel de precios, según los planteamientos de Mochón (2008) y Guerra (2013) entre otros. La metodología es de tipo analítica y retrospectiva; en el diseño bibliográfico se utilizaron datos secundarios, tales como los informes económicos del Banco Central de Venezuela (BCV), atendiendo con especial detalle series de tiempo y suavización exponencial de las variables estudiadas en periodos trimestrales. De esta manera se concluye una baja y mediana correlación entre las variables sujetas a estudio, que da como resultado una correlación de 0,25 entre la tasa de inflación y el gasto de consumo final del Gobierno y de 0,61 entre los impuestos netos sobre sus propios productos del Gobierno y su gasto de consumo final; se termina obteniendo una nula correlación de 0,002 entre los impuestos netos sobre los productos del Gobierno y la tasa de inflación.AbstractThis research aims to analyze the impact of Venezuela's fiscal policy on the inflation phenomena during the period 1997-2013; the study arises from the need to evaluate policy instruments to be considered before a possible scenario of dollarization of the economy, and the impact that fiscal policy variables could have on the behavior of the price level. Such approach is supported in Mochon (2008) and War (2013) among others. The type of methodology is analytical and retrospective; on the bibliographic design side secondary data was used, such as the economic reports of the Central Bank of Venezuela (BCV), making a detailed study using time series and exponential smoothing of the variables under study data were used in Quarterly periods. A low and medium correlation between the variables subject to study was concluded, resulting in a correlation of 0.25 between the inflation rate and the final consumption expenditure of government and 0.61 between net taxes on products and government final consumption expenditure of government; to finally obtain a zero correlation of 0.002 between the net taxes on products of the government and the inflation rate.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Corporate Governance Characteristics and Corporate Performance between Government-Linked Companies (GLCs) in Malaysia and Singapore: A Panel Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Ng Ching Yat David ◽  
Lau Teck Chai ◽  
Tee Peck Ling ◽  
Lai Siew Fong
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Independent Directors ◽  
Tobin’S Q ◽  
Women Directors ◽  
Tobin's Q ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Government

This research seeks to investigate whether corporate governance contributes to the Government-link public listed companies’ performance in Malaysia and Singapore. A sample consisting of 20 Malaysian Government-linked public listed companies and 20 Singaporean Government-linked public listed companies were selected. The research timeframe covers from 2012 to 2017. Findings revealed that except for board meetings and independent directors, 4 other independent variables were statistically significant in affecting the Malaysian and Singaporean government-link public listed companies’ performance. Directors’ ownership had a significant negative impact on ROA and ROE in Malaysia but had no impact in Singapore. Board meetings and independent directors had no impact towards firm performance in both countries. Board size had positive and significant impact on ROE in Singapore. Number of women directors was significantly negatively related to Tobin’s Q, ROA and ROE. Leverage level was significantly negatively related to all firm performance’s measures in Malaysia, while only significantly related to Tobin’s Q in Singapore.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic effects of the budget deficit in the Republic of Macedonia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Martin Noveski
Keyword(s):  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Final Consumption ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAlthough a decade has passed since the global financial and economic crisis of 2008, the expansionary fiscal policy in Macedonia can still be felt, primarily through an increased level of public expenditures aimed at stimulation of the economic growth. From 2008 onwards, the Republic of Macedonia has continuously recorded a negative budget balance, which affects the resources allocation and the overall economic situation. The question that arises is whether such interference by the Government in the functioning of the market economy is necessary, especially having in mind the EU regulation in this area. Using a multiple regression model for the period 1996-2015, this paper examines the impact of the budget deficit on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in Macedonia. Results show that the budget deficit is not a statistically significant determinant of GDP per capita, supporting thus the Ricardian equivalence theory. The analysis is conducted on the basis of statistical data from the World Bank’s database, as well as data from the National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia. Household final consumption expenditure, the unemployment rate and the official exchange rate of the Macedonian Denar against the U.S. Dollar are also taken into consideration as controlling variables. GDP per capita and household final consumption expenditures are in current prices, with natural logarithms applied, whereas the other variables are in nominal terms. The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into the empirical relationship between the two main variables of interest and to initiate further discussion and analysis.

scholarly journals Crecimiento económico ecuatoriano: contraste entre “La revolución ciudadana” y los gobiernos

ECA Sinergia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Cedillo Chalaco ◽  
John Alexander Campuzano Vásquez ◽  
María Karolina Jumbo Ramos ◽  
María Eugenia Torres Freire
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Final Consumption ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Econometric Methodology ◽  
The Government ◽  
Temporal Dimensions

  Este artículo propone un recorrido teórico : la evolución de la demanda agregada en dos períodos de tiempo, en la que, se enfatiza sobre la variabilidad de indicadores macroeconómicos como son: el crecimiento económico, el gasto de gobierno, y, el gasto de consumo final de los hogares; el objetivo principal es contrastar las elasticidades que poseen el gasto de consumo final de los hogares y el gasto del gobierno en el crecimiento económico ecuatoriano en dos dimensiones temporales, la primera que toma años desde 1996 hasta 2006 (período que denominaremos gobiernos predecesores y la segunda del 2007 al 2017 «revolución ciudadana»), a través de la metodología econométrica Cobb-Douglas modificada (función de producción), la que paralelamente tuvo alcance descriptivo y enfoque cuantitativo. Teniendo como resultados principales, que a pesar de que en el periodo del gobierno denominado de la revolución ciudadana el gasto fue superior tanto por parte del gobierno como de los hogares, las mayores tasas de crecimiento económico se dieron en el periodo de los gobiernos predecesores.   Palabras clave: Crecimiento económico, Gasto, Cobb Douglas, Revolución ciudadana, Gobiernos predecesores.   ABSTRACT   This article proposes a theoretical tour: the evolution of aggregate demand in two periods of time, in which the variability of macroeconomic indicators such as: economic growth, government spending, and final consumption spending is emphasized. of households; The main objective is to contrast the elasticities that household final consumption spending and government spending have on Ecuadorian economic growth in two temporal dimensions, the first taking years from 1996 to 2006 (a period that we will call predecessor governments and the second from 2007 to 2017 «citizen revolution»), through the modified Cobb-Douglas econometric methodology (production function), which in parallel had a descriptive scope and a quantitative approach. Taking as main results, that despite the fact that in the period of the government called the citizen’s revolution, spending was higher by both the government and households, the highest rates of economic growth occurred in the period of the predecessor governments.   Keywords: Economic growth, Spending, Cobb Douglas, Citizen revolution, Predecessor governments.

scholarly journals 2008 Global Financial Recession Impact on Yemen’s Economy and Oil Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 46-60
Author(s):  
Abdulghani Gaghman
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Foreign Banks ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Economic Event ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Government

Yemen as an oil exporting country with relatively larger populations and modest oil resources has witnessed a sharp deterioration in their public finances and current account balances in 2008-2009, as a result of financial crisis mainly lower oil prices leading to a weakening of the economy.This study targeting the global crisis impact on Yemen’s economy, by analysis the macroeconomic indicators to understand how much the government achieve in term of economic efficiency which reflected in economic growth, full employment, trade balance and price stability. Yemen has less developed monetary banking system and relatively minor exposure to foreign banks, which result in fair impact from the financial global crisis. However, the government can’t sustain exchange rate and stabilize the price the non-oil declined by 3% of the determined gross domestic product (GDP) in 2009, from 6.98% in 2008. This paper found that the crisis has negative impact on the government revenues, trade balance and significant reduction in foreign direct investment (FDI), caused reduction in spending and widened the deficits in the budget and the balance of payments. Real growth has been achieved relatively high rates and through precisely the crisis. The revenues declined more than 10% in 2009 and government expenditures reduced with regards to decline in oil revenues and service delivery. The government responses were successful in the monetary policy side, but with lots of blurred in the fiscal policies which was subject for critical discussion and assessment. This paper concluded that to improve the overall Yemen’s economy and avoid any unpleasant economic event in the future, government should have a strategic plan to achieve sustain growth rate by diverse outcome resources, support the private sector and encourage investments.

scholarly journals The Influence of Personal Religiosity Level against Corruption Behaviour in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Muhadam Labolo ◽  
Alma'arif ◽  
Muhammad Riqqo Khadafi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Third World Country ◽  
Corruption Index ◽  
Subsequent Discussion ◽  
Religious Piety ◽  
The Government ◽  
Mixed Approach ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Third World ◽  
And Behavior

The purpose of current study was to analyze the relationship between religion and ccorruption behavior. Corruption was a major problem that constantly being a disease to the third world country, included Indonesia. The magnitude of problems made the Government of Indonesia kept pressing the of corruption case consciously that already existed. Indonesia's corruption index in last few years continued to undergo the improvements though there have no significant changes. Through a theory stated religion could bring a positive implication for corruption behavior and also brought a negative impact on the corruption behavior of a person. The influence of personal religiosity level in the subsequent discussion was used a quantitative-explorative approach integrated with the qualitative-descriptive approach (mixed approach). The study was conducted in Bangka Belitung Islands Province aimed to find out and analyzed the issues. The results of processed data showed that people in Province of Bangka Belitung Islands have a high level of personal religiosity. Other findings showed that the influence of religion is important in reducing the level of corruption in the middle of the community. In the other hand, the society noted a giving of gifts to apparatus of government was a reasonable thing with a couple of notes. The result of the analysis showed the personal religiosity level in religion was still formed as ritualistic.  Values and norms existed in society are generally influenced by the ethics and culture in an area, religious piety still not in touch with the daily attitude and behavior of a person. Furthermore, it was also making some of society became tolerant of the law or rules.

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